Editing Antisemitism in Christianity (section)

==Early differences between Christianity and Judaism==
{{main|Christianity and Judaism}}
{{further information|Anti-Judaism in early Christianity}}
The legal status of Christianity and Judaism differed within the [[Roman Empire]]: because the practice of Judaism was restricted to the [[Jewish people]] and Jewish [[proselyte]]s, adherents of it were generally exempt from adhering to the obligations that were imposed on adherents of other religions by the [[Roman imperial cult]]. Since the reign of [[Julius Caesar]], Judaism enjoyed the status of a "licit religion", but occasional persecutions still occurred, such as [[Tiberius#Gospels, Jews, and Christians|Tiberius' conscription and expulsion of Jews]] in [[19 AD]]<ref>Suetonius, [[Lives of the Twelve Caesars]], Tiberius 36</ref> followed by [[Claudius' expulsion of Jews from Rome]].<ref>Suetonius, Lives of the Twelve Caesars, Claudius XXV.4, referenced in {{Bibleverse|Acts|18:2}}</ref> Christianity however was not restricted to one people, and because Jewish Christians were excluded from the [[synagogue]] (see [[Council of Jamnia]]), they also lost the protected status that was granted to Judaism, even though that protection still had its limits (see [[Titus Flavius Clemens (consul)]], [[Rabbi Akiva]], and [[Ten Martyrs]]).

From the reign of [[Nero]] onwards, who is said  to have blamed the [[Great Fire of Rome]] on Christians by [[Tacitus]], the practice of Christianity was criminalized and Christians were frequently [[Persecution of Christians#Roman Empire|persecuted]], but the [[Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire|persecution]] differed from region to region. Comparably, Judaism suffered setbacks due to the [[Jewish–Roman wars]], and these setbacks are remembered in the legacy of the [[Ten Martyrs]]. [[Robin Lane Fox]] traces the origin of much of the later hostility to this early period of persecution, when the Roman authorities commonly tested the faith of suspected Christians by forcing them to pay homage to the deified emperor. Jews were exempt from this requirement as long as they paid the {{lang|la|[[Fiscus Judaicus]]}}, and Christians (many or mostly of Jewish origin) would say that they were Jewish but they refused to pay the tax. This claim had to be confirmed by the local Jewish authorities, who were likely to refuse to accept the Christians as fellow Jews, which often lead to their execution.<ref>In [https://books.google.com/books?id=bBqOAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Pagans+and+Christians%22+Robin+Lane+Fox ''Pagans and Christians'']</ref> The {{transliteration|he|[[Birkat haMinim]]}} was often brought forward as support for this charge that the Jews were responsible for the [[Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire]].{{citation needed|date=May 2013}} In the 3rd century systematic persecution of Christians began and lasted until [[Constantine I (emperor)|Constantine]]'s conversion to Christianity.{{citation needed|date=May 2013}} In 390 [[Theodosius I]] made Christianity the [[state church of the Roman Empire]]. While pagan cults and [[Manichaeism]] were suppressed, Judaism retained its legal status as a licit religion, but anti-Jewish violence still occurred. In the 5th century, some legal measures worsened the status of the [[Jews in the Roman Empire]].{{citation needed|date=May 2013}}