Editing Antiochus XII Dionysus (section)

==Name and background==
[[File:Antiochus VIII.jpg|300px|thumb|alt=A coin struck by Antiochus VIII of Syria (reigned 125–96 BC). Portrait of Antiochus VIII on the obverse; depiction of Zeus holding a star and staff on the reverse|Coin of [[Antiochus VIII Grypus|Antiochus VIII]], father of Antiochus XII]]
Antiochus, Greek for "resolute in contention",{{sfn|Ross|1968|p=47}} was a dynastic name borne by many [[Seleucid Empire|Seleucid]] monarchs.{{sfn|Hallo|1996|p= [https://books.google.com/books?id=SbsEtMon-dEC&pg=PA142 142]}}{{sfn|Taylor|2013|p= [https://books.google.com/books?id=hodsBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA163 163]}} The Seleucid dynasty's founder [[Seleucus I Nicator|Seleucus I]] named the capital of Syria, [[Antioch]], in honor of his father [[Antiochus (father of Seleucus I Nicator)|Antiochus]].{{sfn|Downey|2015|p= [https://books.google.com/books?id=gTTWCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA68 68]}} Antiochus XII was the fifth and youngest son of [[Antiochus VIII Grypus|Antiochus VIII]] and his [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic]] Egyptian wife [[Tryphaena]],{{#tag:ref|Ancient sources do not mention the name of Antiochus XII's mother but it is generally assumed by modern scholars that she was Tryphaena, who was mentioned explicitly by [[Porphyry (philosopher)|Porphyry]] as the mother of Antiochus XII's older twin brothers, [[Antiochus XI Epiphanes|Antiochus XI]] and [[Philip I Philadelphus|Philip I]].{{sfn|Bennett|2002|p= notes 11, 9}}|group=note}}{{sfn|Kosmin|2014|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=9UWdAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA24 24]}} who married in 124 BC.{{sfn|Otto|Bengtson|1938|pp= 103, 104}} In 109 BC, Tryphaena was killed by Antiochus VIII's half-brother [[Antiochus IX Cyzicenus|Antiochus IX]],{{sfn|Wright|2012|p=11}} who fought with Antiochus VIII from 113 BC for the throne of Syria.{{sfn|Kosmin|2014|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=9UWdAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA23 23]}} Antiochus XII's brothers were [[Seleucus VI Epiphanes|Seleucus VI]], [[Antiochus XI Epiphanes|Antiochus XI]], [[Philip I Philadelphus|Philip I]] and [[Demetrius III Eucaerus|Demetrius III]].{{sfn|Ogden|1999|p=153}}

Following Antiochus VIII's assassination in 96 BC,{{sfn|Dumitru|2016|p=260}} his second wife, Tryphaena's sister [[Cleopatra Selene of Syria|Cleopatra Selene]],{{sfn|Dumitru|2016|p=258}} married Antiochus IX and then his son [[Antiochus X Eusebes|Antiochus X]],{{sfn|Dumitru|2016|pp=260, 263}} who fought with Antiochus XII's four brothers for the throne.{{sfn|Kosmin|2014|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=9UWdAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA243 243]}} By 88 BC, only Demetrius III and Philip I remained;{{sfn|Hoover|2007|p=295}} Demetrius III was originally based in [[Damascus]] before extending his authority to most of Syria.{{sfn|Dąbrowa|2010|p=177}} He was defeated by Philip I and his [[Parthia]]n allies in 87 BC and exiled to [[Parthian Empire|Parthia]], where he died of an unknown illness. Philip I took control of the capital,{{sfn|Houghton|1987|p=81}} while Cleopatra Selene, now a widow, took shelter in [[Ptolemais in Phoenicia|Ptolemais]] with her sons by Antiochus X.{{sfn|Whitehorne|1994|p=169}}