Editing Antimicrobial resistance (section)

==Definition==
[[File:WhatIsDrugResistance.gif|thumb|300x300px|Diagram showing the difference between non-resistant bacteria and drug resistant bacteria. Non-resistant bacteria multiply, and upon drug treatment, the bacteria die. Drug resistant bacteria multiply as well, but upon drug treatment, the bacteria continue to spread.<ref>{{cite web|title=What is Drug Resistance?|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/antimicrobialResistance/Understanding/Pages/drugResistanceDefinition.aspx|website=niaid.nih.gov|access-date=26 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150727153042/http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/antimicrobialResistance/Understanding/Pages/drugResistanceDefinition.aspx|archive-date=27 July 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>|alt=Diagram showing difference between non-resistance bacteria and drug resistant bacteria]]
Antimicrobial resistance means a microorganism's [[drug resistance|resistance to an antimicrobial drug]] that was once able to treat an infection by that microorganism.<ref name="WHO2014" /> A person cannot become resistant to antibiotics. Resistance is a property of the microbe, not a person or other organism infected by a microbe.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/antibiotic-use/antibiotic-resistance-faqs.html#antibiotic-resistance-concerns|title=CDC: Get Smart: Know When Antibiotics Work|publisher=Cdc.gov|access-date=12 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429180658/http://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/antibiotic-use/antibiotic-resistance-faqs.html#antibiotic-resistance-concerns|archive-date=29 April 2015|url-status=live|date=29 May 2018}}</ref> All types of microbes can develop drug resistance. Thus, there are [[antibiotic]], [[antifungal]], [[Antiviral drug|antiviral]] and [[antiparasitic]] resistance.<ref name="Tanwar_2014" /><ref name="Saha_2021" />

Antibiotic resistance is a subset of antimicrobial resistance. This more specific resistance is linked to bacteria and thus broken down into two further subsets, microbiological and clinical. Microbiological resistance is the most common and occurs from genes, [[Mutation|mutated]] or inherited, that allow the bacteria to resist the mechanism to kill the microbe associated with certain antibiotics. Clinical resistance is shown through the failure of many therapeutic techniques where the bacteria that are normally susceptible to a treatment become resistant after surviving the outcome of the treatment. In both cases of acquired resistance, the bacteria can pass the genetic catalyst for resistance through horizontal gene transfer: conjugation, [[Transduction (genetics)|transduction]], or [[Genetic transformation|transformation]]. This allows the resistance to spread across the same species of [[pathogen]] or even similar bacterial pathogens.<ref>{{cite journal| vauthors = MacGowan A, Macnaughton E |date=1 October 2017|title=Antibiotic resistance |journal=Medicine |volume=45 |issue=10 |pages=622–628 |doi=10.1016/j.mpmed.2017.07.006 }}</ref>