Editing Anklam (section)

==History==
[[File:Steintor Anklam.JPG|thumb|left|[[Brick Gothic]] Steintor]]
[[File:GarnisonskircheundHgsinAnklam.jpg|thumb|left|Garrison church of Anklam, evidence of Prussian tradition of the town]]
In the [[early Middle Ages]], there was an important [[Scandinavia]]n and [[Wends|Wendish]] settlement in the area near the present town now known as [[Altes Lager Menzlin]]. Anklam proper began as an associated Wendish fortress.{{sfnp|EB|1911}}

In the Middle Ages the town was a part of the [[Duchy of Pomerania]]. During the [[Ostsiedlung|German expansion eastwards]], the abandoned fortress was developed into a settlement named Tanglim{{sfnp|EB|1878}} after its new founder. The site possesses importance as the [[head of navigation]] on the Peene.{{sfnp|EB|1878}} It was elevated to town status in 1244 and became a member of the [[Hanseatic League]] the same year{{sfnp|EB|1911}} or in 1483.{{citation needed|date=June 2015}} The town remained small and non-influential, but achieved a measure of wealth and prosperity with its membership.
[[File:MarienkircheAnklam.JPG|thumb|St. Mary in Anklam]]
[[File:Anklam Nikolaikirche Dez 2012.JPG|thumb|St. Nicholas, being reconstructed, 2012]]

As a town of considerable military importance, it suffered greatly during the [[Thirty Years' War]]{{sfnp|EB|1878}} when [[Swedish Empire|Swedish]] and [[Holy Roman Empire|Imperial]] troops battled over it across a twenty-year span. Amid this and subsequent wars, it also endured repeated outbreaks of fire and plague.{{sfnp|EB|1878}} It was [[Capitulation of Franzburg|occupied by imperial forces]] from 1627 to 1630,<ref>{{citation |title=Gemeinsame Bekannte: Schweden und Deutschland in der Frühen Neuzeit |editor1-first=Ivo |editor1-last=Asmus |editor2-first=Heiko |editor2-last=Droste |editor3-first=Jens E. |editor3-last=Olesen |first=Herbert |last=Langer |contribution=Die Anfänge des Garnisionswesens in Pommern |contribution-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nI9dItT816kC&pg=PA397 |publisher=LIT Verlag |location=Berlin |year=2003 |isbn=3-8258-7150-9 |page=403|language=de}}</ref> and [[Treaty of Stettin (1630)|thereafter by Swedish forces]].<ref>{{citation |title=Gemeinsame Bekannte: Schweden und Deutschland in der Frühen Neuzeit |editor1-first=Ivo |editor1-last=Asmus |editor2-first=Heiko |editor2-last=Droste |editor3-first=Jens E. |editor3-last=Olesen |first=Herbert |last=Langer |contribution=Die Anfänge des Garnisionswesens in Pommern |contribution-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nI9dItT816kC&pg=PA397 |publisher=LIT Verlag |location=Berlin |year=2003 |isbn=3-8258-7150-9 |page=397 |language=de}}</ref> After the war, Anklam became part of [[Swedish Pomerania]] in 1648. In 1676, it was captured by [[Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg|Frederick William]] of [[Electorate of Brandenburg|Brandenburg]].{{sfnp|EB|1911}}

In 1713, Anklam was looted by soldiers of the [[Tsardom of Russia]].{{sfnp|EB|1911}} That it was not burned to the ground, as ordered by [[Peter the Great]], was in large part due to the resistance of [[Christian Thomesen Carl]] ("Carlson"), after whom a street is named in remembrance. The southern parts of the town were ceded to [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]] by the 1720 [[Treaty of Stockholm (Great Northern War)|Treaty of Stockholm]],{{sfnp|EB|1911}} while a smaller section north of the Peene remained Swedish. It was damaged again during the [[Seven Years' War]] in the 1750s and 1760s, with its fortifications being effectively dismantled in 1762.{{sfnp|EB|1878}} Sweden yielded its remaining part of the town in 1815, when all of [[Western Pomerania]] became part of the Prussian [[Pomerania Province (1815–1945)|province of Pomerania]].

In the 19th century, Anklam was connected with [[Berlin]] and Stettin ([[Szczecin]]) by [[Berlin-Stettin Railway|rail]] and developed its manufacture of [[linen goods|linen]] and [[woolens|woolen goods]], [[leather]], [[beer]], and [[soap]].{{sfnp|EB|1878}} Its 1871 population was 10,739,{{sfnp|EB|1878}} which had risen to 14,602 by the turn of the century.{{sfnp|EB|1911}} By the time of the [[First World War]], it possessed a military school and developed iron foundries and sugar factories.{{sfnp|EB|1911}} In 1939 the [[Wehrmacht]] took over the military school and constructed a [[Wehrmacht prison Anklam|military prison]] on the grounds. In September 1942, the FStGA 8 field penal battalion for [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] prisoners-of-war was established and afterwards relocated to the eastern front.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Megargee|first1=Geoffrey P.|last2=Overmans|first2=Rüdiger|last3=Vogt|first3=Wolfgang|year=2022|title=The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV|publisher=Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum|pages=611|isbn=978-0-253-06089-1}}</ref>

Anklam was nearly completely destroyed by several bombing raids of the U.S. Air Force in 1943 and 1944 and in the last days of [[World War II]], when the [[Battle of Berlin|advancing Soviets]] burned and leveled most of the town. During the final stages of the war, in February 1945, the German-perpetrated [[The March (1945)|death march]] of Allied POWs from the [[Stalag XX-B]] [[German prisoner-of-war camps in World War II|POW camp]] passed through the town.<ref>{{cite book|last=Kaszuba|first=Sylwia|editor-last=Grudziecka|editor-first=Beata|title=Stalag XX B: historia nieopowiedziana|language=pl|location=Malbork|publisher=Muzeum Miasta Malborka|page=108|chapter=Marsz 1945|date=2021 |isbn=978-83-950992-2-9}}</ref> After the war, Anklam became part of the [[East German]] state of [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], and after the dissolution of the province it was part of [[Bezirk Neubrandenburg]] from 1952 to 1990. The town was rebuilt in the rather uniform socialist style.

After the 1990 [[reunification of Germany]], Anklam became part of the state of [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], re-created at that time.

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