Editing Angiopathy (section)

==Classification==

===By caliber===
There are two types of angiopathy: '''[[macroangiopathy]]''' and '''[[microangiopathy]]'''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Medical Definition of Angiopathy |url=https://www.rxlist.com/angiopathy/definition.htm |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=RxList |language=en}}</ref>

In macroangiopathy, [[atherosclerosis]] and a resultant [[blood]] [[clot]] forms on the large blood vessels, sticks to the vessel walls, and blocks the flow of [[blood]]. Macroangiopathy in the heart is coronary artery disease; in the brain, it is cerebrovascular disease. Macroangiopathy may cause other complications, such as [[ischemic heart disease]], [[stroke]] and peripheral vascular disease which contributes to the [[Diabetic foot ulcer|diabetic foot ulcers]] and the risk of amputation.

In microangiopathy, the walls of the smaller blood vessels become so thick and weak that they [[hemorrhage|bleed]], leak [[protein]], and slow the flow of blood through the body. The decrease of blood flow through [[stenosis]] or clot formation impairs the flow of [[oxygen]] to [[cell (biology)|cell]]s and [[biological tissue]]s (called [[ischemia]]) and leads to cellular death ([[necrosis]] and [[gangrene]], which in turn may require [[amputation]]). Thus, tissues which are very sensitive to oxygen levels, such as the [[retina]], develop microangiopathy and may cause [[blindness]] (so-called proliferative diabetic [[retinopathy]]). Damage to [[nerve]] cells may cause peripheral [[neuropathy]], and to [[kidney]] cells, [[diabetic nephropathy|diabetic kidney disease]] (Kimmelstiel-Wilson syndrome).

===By condition===
It is also possible to classify angiopathy by the associated condition:<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Angiopathy: what is it, symptoms and treatment |url=https://www.topdoctors.co.uk/medical-dictionary/angiopathy |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=Top Doctors |language=en-GB}}</ref>
* [[Diabetic angiopathy]]
* [[Cerebral amyloid angiopathy]]

Chronic diabetes can lead to several problems, one of which is Diabetic Angiopathy. Individuals with diabetic angiopathy notice a constriction in their [[Artery|arteries]]. This cause many organs to receive insufficient blood and oxygen, which might eventually cause harm. [[Hyperglycemia|High blood sugar]] is the primary cause of diabetic angiopathy. Excessive blood sugar levels have the potential to harm tissues and cells.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Australia |first=Bauerfeind |title=Bauerfeind Australia |url=https://bauerfeind.com.au/blogs/diabetes/diabetic-angipathy?srsltid=AfmBOooMhHz8_rFoMDJiyj9e78jLhild4NTl2V4mMNL8Qp2KQL_VDWL- |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=Bauerfeind Australia |language=English}}</ref>

A form of [[Cerebrovascular disease|cerebrovascular illness]] known as Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy (CAA) is typified by the buildup of [[Amyloid beta|amyloid beta-peptide]] in the leptomeninges and small to medium sized cerebral blood vessels.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=A |first1=Viswanathan |last2=SM |first2=Greenberg |date=2011 |title=Cerebral amyloid angiopathy in the elderly |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556105/ |journal=Ann Neurol |volume=70 |issue=6 |pages=871–80 |doi=10.1002/ana.22516 |pmid=22190361 |pmc=4004372 |via=National Institute of Health}}</ref> Amyloid buildup causes brittle blood vessels, which can lead to lobar intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH). In addition, [[hemosiderosis]], inflammatory [[leukoencephalopathy]], [[Alzheimer's disease]], accidental microbleeds, cognitive deficits, and transitory neurological symptoms may manifest.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=A |first1=Charidimou |last2=Q |first2=Gang |last3=DJ |first3=Werring |date=2012 |title=Sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy revisited: recent insights into pathophysiology and clinical spectrum. |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556105/ |journal=J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry |volume=83 |issue=2 |pages=124–37 |doi=10.1136/jnnp-2011-301308 |pmid=22056963 |via=National Institute of Health}}</ref>