Editing André Weil (section)

==Life==
André Weil was born in [[Paris]] to [[agnosticism|agnostic]] [[Alsatian Jew]]ish parents who fled the annexation of [[Alsace-Lorraine]] by the [[German Empire]] after the [[Franco-Prussian War]] in 1870–71. [[Simone Weil]], who would later become a famous philosopher, was Weil's younger sister and only sibling. He studied in Paris, [[Rome]] and [[Göttingen]] and received his [[Doctor of Philosophy|doctorate]] in 1928. While in Germany, Weil befriended [[Carl Ludwig Siegel]]. Starting in 1930, he spent two academic years at [[Aligarh Muslim University]] in India. Aside from mathematics, Weil held lifelong interests in classical Greek and Latin literature, [[Hinduism]] and [[Sanskrit literature]]: he had taught himself Sanskrit in 1920 at age 14.<ref name ="Aczel">Amir D. Aczel,[https://books.google.com/books?id=fRCH-at7wgYC&pg=PA25 ''The Artist and the Mathematician,''] Basic Books, 2009 pp. 17ff., p. 25.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.math.sunysb.edu/~aknapp/BorelOnWeil.pdf|title=Borel, Armand}}</ref> After teaching for one year at [[Aix-Marseille University]], he taught for six years at [[University of Strasbourg]]. He married Éveline de Possel (née Éveline Gillet) in 1937.<ref name="enlisant">{{cite web |last1=Ypsilantis |first1=Olivier |title=En lisant " Chez les Weil. André et Simone " |date=31 March 2017 |url=https://zakhor-online.com/?p=11876 |access-date=26 April 2020}}</ref>

Weil was in [[Finland]] when [[World War II]] broke out; he had been traveling in Scandinavia since April 1939. His wife Éveline returned to France without him. Weil was arrested in Finland at the outbreak of the [[Winter War]] on suspicion of spying; however, accounts of his life having been in danger were shown to be exaggerated.<ref>Osmo Pekonen: ''L'affaire Weil à Helsinki en 1939'', Gazette des mathématiciens 52 (avril 1992), pp. 13–20. With an afterword by André Weil.</ref> Weil returned to France via Sweden and the United Kingdom, and was detained at [[Le Havre]] in January 1940. He was charged with [[draft evasion|failure to report for duty]], and was imprisoned in Le Havre and then [[Rouen]]. It was in the military prison in Bonne-Nouvelle, a district of Rouen, from February to May, that Weil completed the work that made his reputation. He was tried on 3 May 1940. Sentenced to five years, he requested to be attached to a military unit instead, and was given the chance to join a regiment in [[Cherbourg-Octeville|Cherbourg]]. After the [[fall of France]] in June 1940, he met up with his family in [[Marseille]], where he arrived by sea. He then went to [[Clermont-Ferrand]], where he managed to join his wife, Éveline, who had been living in German-occupied France.

In January 1941, Weil and his family sailed from Marseille to New York. He spent the remainder of the war in the United States, where he was supported by the [[Rockefeller Foundation]] and the [[John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation|Guggenheim Foundation]]. For two years, he taught undergraduate mathematics at [[Lehigh University]], where he was unappreciated, overworked and poorly paid, although he did not have to worry about being drafted, unlike his American students. He quit the job at Lehigh and moved to Brazil, where he taught at the [[Universidade de São Paulo]] from 1945 to 1947, working with [[Oscar Zariski]]. Weil and his wife had two daughters, [[Sylvie Weil|Sylvie]] (born in 1942) and Nicolette (born in 1946).<ref name="enlisant" />

He then returned to the United States and taught at the [[University of Chicago]] from 1947 to 1958, before moving to the [[Institute for Advanced Study]], where he would spend the remainder of his career. He was a Plenary Speaker at the [[International Congress of Mathematicians|ICM]] in 1950 in Cambridge, Massachusetts,<ref>Weil, André. [http://www.mathunion.org/ICM/ICM1950.2/Main/icm1950.2.0090.0102.ocr.pdf "Number theory and algebraic geometry."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830035538/http://mathunion.org/ICM/ICM1950.2/Main/icm1950.2.0090.0102.ocr.pdf |date=30 August 2017 }} In Proc. Intern. Math. Congres., Cambridge, Mass., vol. 2, pp. 90–100. 1950.</ref> in 1954 in Amsterdam,<ref>{{cite book|author=Weil, A.|chapter=Abstract versus classical algebraic geometry|title=''In:'' Proceedings of International Congress of Mathematicians, 1954, Amsterdam|volume=3|pages=550–558|chapter-url=http://www.mathunion.org/ICM/ICM1954.3/Main/icm1954.3.0550.0558.ocr.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.mathunion.org/ICM/ICM1954.3/Main/icm1954.3.0550.0558.ocr.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live}}</ref> and in 1978 in Helsinki.<ref>{{cite book|author=Weil, A.|chapter=History of mathematics: How and why|title=''In:'' Proceedings of International Congress of Mathematicians, (Helsinki, 1978)|volume=1|pages=227–236|chapter-url=http://www.mathunion.org/ICM/ICM1978.1/Main/icm1978.1.0227.0236.ocr.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.mathunion.org/ICM/ICM1978.1/Main/icm1978.1.0227.0236.ocr.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live}}</ref> Weil was elected [[List of Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1966|Foreign Member of the Royal Society in 1966]].<ref name="frs" /> In 1979, he shared the second [[Wolf Prize in Mathematics]] with [[Jean Leray]].