Editing Anatolia (section)

==Geography==
{{Main|Geography of Turkey}}

[[File:Weichsel-Würm-Glaciation.png|thumb|right|Europe during the [[Last Glacial Maximum]], c. 20,000 years ago. Anatolia was connected to the European mainland until {{Circa|5600 BCE}},<ref name="Black Sea Deluge">{{cite web|url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Deluge-NASA.png|title=Illustration of the Lake (later Sea) of Marmara and the formation of the Turkish Straits after the Black Sea deluge|website=www.ncdc.noaa.gov|date=26 January 2014|access-date=22 May 2021|archive-date=31 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831144627/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Deluge-NASA.png|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Dimitrov1">Dimitrov P., 2003. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284602641_The_Black_Sea_-_a_Clue_to_the_Secret_of_World_Flood "The Black Sea – a Clue to the Secret of World Flood"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521201345/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284602641_The_Black_Sea_-_a_Clue_to_the_Secret_of_World_Flood |date=21 May 2021 }}. ''Oceanology'', 4, 52–57.</ref><ref name="Dimitrov2">Dimitrov P., D. Dimitrov. 2004. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290938137_The_Black_Sea_The_Flood_and_the_ancient_myths The Black Sea The Flood and the ancient myths]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515095644/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290938137_The_Black_Sea_The_Flood_and_the_ancient_myths |date=15 May 2021 }}. "Slavena", Varna, {{ISBN|954579335X}}, 91 pp., {{doi|10.13140/RG.2.2.18954.16327}}.</ref> when the melting [[ice sheet]]s caused the [[sea level]] in the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] to rise around {{convert|120|m|-1|abbr=on}},<ref name="Dimitrov1"/><ref name="Dimitrov2"/> triggering the formation of the [[Turkish Straits]].<ref name="Black Sea Deluge"/><ref name="Dimitrov1"/><ref name="Dimitrov2"/> As a result, two former [[lake]]s (the [[Sea of Marmara]] and the [[Black Sea]])<ref name="Black Sea Deluge"/> were connected to the [[Mediterranean Sea]], which separated Anatolia from Europe.]]

Traditionally, Anatolia is considered to extend in the east to an indefinite line running from the [[Gulf of Alexandretta]] to the [[Black Sea]],<ref name="Niewohner2017">{{cite book|author=Philipp Niewohner|title=The Archaeology of Byzantine Anatolia: From the End of Late Antiquity until the Coming of the Turks|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cAUmDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA18|date=2017|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0190610470|pages=18–|access-date=7 December 2018|archive-date=11 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311111958/https://books.google.com/books?id=cAUmDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA18|url-status=live}}</ref> coterminous with the [[Anatolian Plateau]]. This traditional geographical definition is used, for example, in the latest edition of ''[[Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary]]''.<ref name="Merriam" /> Under this definition, Anatolia is bounded to the east by the [[Armenian Highlands]], and the [[Euphrates]] before that river bends to the southeast to enter [[Mesopotamia]].<ref name="Mitchell">Stephen Mitchell (1995). ''Anatolia: Land, Men, and Gods in Asia Minor. The Celts in Anatolia and the impact of Roman rule''. Clarendon Press, 266 pp. {{ISBN|978-0198150299}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=pUYtwuve40kC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329114033/https://books.google.com/books?id=pUYtwuve40kC|date=29 March 2017}}</ref> To the southeast, it is bounded by the ranges that separate it from the [[Orontes River|Orontes]] valley in [[Syria (region)|Syria]] and the Mesopotamian plain.<ref name="Mitchell"/>

Following the [[Armenian genocide]], [[Western Armenia]] [[Eastern Anatolia Region#Substitution with Armenia|was renamed]] the [[Eastern Anatolia region]] by the newly established Turkish government.<ref name="Sahakyan">{{cite book|last=Sahakyan|first=Lusine|title=Turkification of the Toponyms in the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Turkey|year=2010|publisher=Arod Books|location=Montreal|isbn=978-0969987970}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite book |last1=Hovannisian |first1=Richard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K3monyE4CVQC |title=The Armenian Genocide: Cultural and Ethical Legacies |date=2007 |publisher=Transaction Publishers |isbn=978-1412835923 |location=New Brunswick, NJ |page=3 |access-date=10 September 2015 |archive-date=10 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010030024/https://books.google.com/books?id=K3monyE4CVQC |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1941, with the [[First Geography Congress, Turkey|First Geography Congress]] which divided Turkey into [[geographical regions of Turkey|seven geographical regions]] based on differences in climate and landscape, the eastern [[provinces of Turkey]] were placed into the Eastern Anatolia region,<ref>[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2167/irgee216.0 A Comparative Analysis Regarding Pictures Included in Secondary School Geography Textbooks Taught in Turkey]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413141440/http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2167/irgee216.0 |date=13 April 2015 }}, Okan Yasar and Mehmet Seremet, ''International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education'', 2007.</ref> which largely corresponds to the historical region of [[Western Armenia]]. Vazken Davidian terms the expanded use of "Anatolia" to apply to territory in eastern Turkey that was formerly referred to as ''Armenia'' (which had a sizeable [[Armenians in the Ottoman Empire|Armenian]] population before the [[Armenian genocide]]) an "ahistorical imposition" and notes that a growing body of literature is uncomfortable with referring to the Ottoman East as "Eastern Anatolia".<ref>Vazken Khatchig Davidian, "Imagining Ottoman Armenia: Realism and Allegory in Garabed Nichanian's Provincial Wedding in Moush and Late Ottoman Art Criticism", p.&nbsp;7 & footnote 34, in ''Études arméniennes contemporaines'' volume 6, 2015.</ref><ref name="Sahakyan"/><ref name=":0" />

The highest mountain in the Eastern Anatolia region (also the highest peak in the [[Armenian Highlands]]) is [[Mount Ararat]] (5123&nbsp;m).<ref>{{Cite journal| volume = 42| issue = 2| pages = 143–149| last1 = Fevzi Özgökçe| last2 = Kit Tan| last3 = Vladimir Stevanović| title = A new subspecies of Silene acaulis (Caryophyllaceae) from East Anatolia, Turkey| journal = Annales Botanici Fennici|year = 2005| jstor = 23726860}}</ref> The [[Euphrates]], [[Aras (river)|Aras]], [[Karasu (Euphrates)|Karasu]] and [[Murat river]]s connect the Armenian Highlands to the [[South Caucasus]] and the Upper Euphrates Valley. Along with the [[Çoruh]], these rivers are the longest in the Eastern Anatolia region.<ref name=palumbi>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376142.013.0009| last = Palumbi| first = Giulio| title = The Chalcolithic of Eastern Anatolia| journal = The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia| volume = 1| access-date = 6 May 2018| date = 5 September 2011| url = http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376142.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780195376142-e-9| editor1-last = McMahon| editor1-first = Gregory| editor2-last = Steadman| editor2-first = Sharon| archive-date = 12 May 2018| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180512155433/http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376142.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780195376142-e-9| url-status = live}}</ref>