Editing Amraphel (section)

== Modern identifications ==
Beginning with E. Schrader in 1888,<ref>''[https://archive.org/details/cuneiforminscrip02schr Cuneiform Inscriptions and the Old Testament],'' vol II (1888), pp 299ff</ref> Amraphel was usually associated with [[Hammurabi|Ḫammurabi]], who ruled [[Babylonia]] from 1792 BC until his death in 1750 BC. This view has been largely abandoned in recent decades.<ref>{{cite book |editor1=Bruce M. Metzger |editor2=Michael D. Coogan |date=1993 |title=The Oxford Companion to the Bible |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195046458/page/5 5] |chapter=Abraham |author=Robert North |isbn=0-19-504645-5 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195046458/page/5 }}</ref><ref name="Granerød2010">{{cite book|author=Gard Granerød|title=Abraham and Melchizedek: Scribal Activity of Second Temple Times in Genesis 14 and Psalm 110|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m5mlvNPexSEC&pg=PA114|date=26 March 2010|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=978-3-11-022346-0|page=120}}</ref>

[[David Rohl]] has argued for an identification with [[Amar-Sin]], the third ruler of the [[Ur III]] dynasty.<ref>{{cite book|first=David|last= Rohl|title= The Lords of Avaris |publisher=Random House|date= 2010|page= 294}}</ref> Some suggest that Amraphel is a Semitic name that is composed of two elements, "Amar", which was also used by Sumerian King, [[Amar-Sin]], and "a-p-l".<ref>Walton, John H., and Craig S. Keener. ''NRSV Cultural Backgrounds Study Bible: Bringing to Life the Ancient World of Scripture''. Zondervan, 2019. p. 39.</ref> [[John Van Seters]], in ''[[Abraham in History and Tradition]]'', rejected the historical existence of Amraphel.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Seters|first=John Van|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MySUQgAACAAJ&q=Abraham+in+history+and+tradition|title=Abraham in History and Tradition|date=1975|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-01792-2}}</ref> According to [[Stephanie Dalley]], Amraphel was "[e]ither Hammurabi with an unexplained suffix ''-el'', or [[Amut-piʾel II|Amud-piʾel]], king of [[Qatna]], with the common misreading of the letter ''r'' for ''d''; possibly a confusion of the two names."<ref>{{cite book |title=The City of Babylon: A History, c. 2000 BC – AD 116 |last=Dalley |first=Stephanie |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2021 |isbn=978-1-107-13627-4 |page=320 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TMsvEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA320}}</ref>