Editing Amphora (section)

==Etymology==
Amphora is a Greco-Roman word developed in [[ancient Greek]] during the [[Bronze Age]]. The Romans acquired it during the Hellenization that occurred in the [[Roman Republic]]. [[Cato the Younger|Cato]] is the first known literary person to use it. The Romans turned the Greek form into a standard - a declension noun, ''amphora'', pl. ''amphorae''.<ref name=lewis>{{L&S|amphora|ref}}</ref> The word and the vase were almost certainly introduced to Italy through the Greek settlements there, which traded extensively in Greek pottery.

Even though the [[Etruscan civilization|Etruscans]] imported, manufactured, and exported amphorae extensively in their wine industry, and other Greek vase names were Etruscanized, no Etruscan form of the word exists. There was perhaps an as yet unidentified native Etruscan word for the vase that pre-empted the adoption of ''amphora''.

The Latin word derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] ''amphoreus'' ({{lang|grc|ἀμφορεύς}}),<ref>{{LSJ|a)mforeu/s|ἀμφορεύς|ref}}.</ref> a shortened form of ''amphiphoreus'' ({{lang|grc|ἀμφιφορεύς}}), a compound word combining ''amphi-'' ("on both sides", "twain")<ref>{{LSJ|a)mfi/|ἀμφί|shortref}}.</ref> and ''phoreus'' ("carrier"), from ''pherein'' ("to carry"),<ref>{{LSJ|foreu/s|φορεύς}}, {{LSJ|fe/rw|φέρειν|shortref}}.</ref> referring to the vessel's two carrying handles on opposite sides.<ref>{{cite book | last=Göransson | first=Kristian | title=The transport amphorae from Euesperides: The maritime trade of a Cyrenaican city 400-250 BC | series=Acta Archaeologica Lundensia, Series in 4o No. 25 | publisher=Lund | location=Stockholm | year=2007 | page=9}}</ref> The amphora appears as {{lang|gmy|𐀀𐀠𐀡𐀩𐀸}}, ''a-pi-po-re-we'', in the [[Linear B]] Bronze Age records of [[Knossos]], {{lang|gmy|𐀀𐀡𐀩𐀸}}, ''a-po-re-we'', at Mycenae, and the fragmentary '']-re-we'' at Pylos, designated by {{nowrap|Ideogram 209}} {{lang|gmy|𐃨}}, [[Emmett L. Bennett Jr.|Bennett's]] AMPHORA, which has a number of scribal variants. The two spellings are transcriptions of amphiphorēwes (plural) and amphorēwe (dual) in Mycenaean Greek from which it may be seen that the short form prevailed on the mainland. [[Homer]] uses the long form for metrical reasons, and [[Herodotus]] has the short form. Ventris and Chadwick's translation is "carried on both sides."<ref>{{cite book | first1=Michael | last1=Ventris | first2=John | last2=Chadwick | title=Documents in Mycenaean Greek | location=Cambridge | publisher=University Press | year=1973 | edition=2nd | pages=324, 328, 494, 532}}</ref>