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== Taxonomy == Numerous phylogenetic studies have indicated that amphiumas form a clade with the families [[Torrent salamander|Rhyacotritonidae]] (torrent salamanders) and [[Plethodontidae]] (lungless salamanders), with an especially close relationship to Plethodontidae. Despite this possible relationship, the two families must have still diverged very early on. The genus ''Proamphiuma'' from the Cretaceous is the earliest known member of the family, and closely resembles the modern species aside from less elaborate vertebral structures.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tolweb.org/Amphiumidae|title=Amphiumidae|website=www.tolweb.org|access-date=2018-12-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bonett|first1=Ronald M.|last2=Chippindale|first2=Paul T.|last3=Moler|first3=Paul E.|last4=Van Devender|first4=R. Wayne|last5=Wake|first5=David B.|date=2009-05-20|title=Evolution of Gigantism in Amphiumid Salamanders|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=4|issue=5|pages=e5615|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0005615|issn=1932-6203|pmc=2680017|pmid=19461997|bibcode=2009PLoSO...4.5615B|doi-access=free}}</ref>
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