Editing Amphiaraus (section)

== Family ==
Amphiaraus was the son of [[Oicles]].<ref>Parada, s.v. Amphiaraus; [[Gaius Julius Hyginus|Hyginus]], ''Fabulae'' [https://topostext.org/work/206#70 70] & [https://topostext.org/work/206#73 73]. Amphiaraus as the son of Oicles is attested as early as [[Homer]], ''[[Odyssey]]'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-eng1:15.222-15.264 15.243], see also [[Bacchylides]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0199.tlg001.perseus-eng1:9 9.10–24]; [[Pindar]], ''Nemean Ode'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/pindar-nemean_odes/1997/pb_LCL485.99.xml 9.13–17], [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/pindar-nemean_odes/1997/pb_LCL485.113.xml 10.7–9],  ''Olympian Ode'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/pindar-olympian_odes/1997/pb_LCL056.105.xml 6.13–17], ''Pythian Ode'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/pindar-pythian_odes/1997/pb_LCL056.343.xml 8.39–55]; [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+1.9.16&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022:boo=0:chapter=0&highlight=Amphiaraus 1.9.16], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+3.6.2&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022:book=0:chapter=0&highlight=Amphiaraus 3.6.2] -[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+3.6.3&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022:book=0:chapter=0&highlight=Amphiaraus 3]. For genealogical tables showing Amphiaraus and other of the descendants of Melampus, see Hard, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA706 p. 706, Table 13], and Grimal, p. 525, Table I.</ref> This made Amphiaraus a great-grandson of [[Melampus]], himself a legendary seer,<ref>The descendants of Melampus included many notable seers, the most notable, after Melampus and Amphiaraus, being the [[Ancient Corinth|Corinthian]] seer [[Polyidus]];  for a discussion see Hard, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA429 pp. 429&ndash;430].</ref> and a member of one of the most powerful dynastic families in the [[Argolid]].<ref>For a discussion of the dynastic history of the Argolid, see Hard, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA332 pp. 332&ndash;335].</ref>  The [[mythographer]] Hyginus says that Amphiaraus's mother was [[Hypermnestra (daughter of Thestius)|Hypermnestra]], the daughter of [[Thestius]].<ref>Hyginus, ''Fabulae'' [https://topostext.org/work/206#70 70]</ref> She was the sister of [[Leda (mythology)|Leda]], the queen of Sparta who was the mother of [[Helen of Troy]], [[Clytemnestra]], and the [[Dioscuri]] ([[Castor and Pollux]]).<ref>For Hypermnestra, see Hard, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA413 p. 413].</ref> Hyginus also reports that "some authors" said that Amphiaraus was the son of [[Apollo]].<ref>Hyginus, ''Fabulae'' [https://topostext.org/work/206#70 70]. As [[H. J. Rose]], ''[[Oxford Classical Dictionary]]'' s.v. Amphiaraus, points out, a seer being said to have been the son of Apollo was not uncommon, see e.g. [[Aristaeus]], [[Iamus]], and [[Idmon (Argonaut)|Idmon]].</ref>

Amphiaraus married  [[Eriphyle]], the sister of his cousin [[Adrastus]] (the grandson of Melampus' brother [[Bias (son of Amythaon)|Bias]]), and by her was the father of two sons, [[Alcmaeon (mythology)|Alcmaeon]] and [[Amphilochus (brother of Alcmaeon)|Amphilochus]].<ref>[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+1.9.13&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022:book=0:chapter=0&highlight=Amphiaraus 1.9.13], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+3.6.2&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022:book=0:chapter=0&highlight=Amphiaraus 3.6.2] (Eriphyle as wife) & [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+3.7.2&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022:book=0:chapter=0&highlight=Amphiaraus 3.7.2] (father of Alcmaeon and Amphilochus). Eriphyle as Amphiaraus' wife is alluded to by [[Homer]], ''[[Odyssey]]'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-eng1:11.321-11.360 11.326–327] ("hateful Eriphyle, who took precious gold as the price of the life of her own lord"), [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-eng1:15.222-15.264 15.246–247] ("Amphiaraus" [who died at Thebes] "because of a woman's gifts"). For Eriphyle as wife, see also [[Pindar]], ''Nemean'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/pindar-nemean_odes/1997/pb_LCL485.99.xml 9.16–17]; [[Diodorus Siculus]], [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/4D*.html#65.6 4.65.6]. For Alcmaeon as son see also [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0525.tlg001.perseus-eng1:6.17.6 6.17.6].</ref> From the geographer [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], we hear of three daughters, [[Eurydice (Greek myth)|Eurydice]], [[Demonassa|Demonissa]] and [[Alcmene|Alcmena]]. He reports seeing on the Chest of [[Cypselus|Kypselos]] at [[Olympia, Greece|Olympia]], a scene showing Amphiararaus' departure for the expedition against Thebes. Pausanias identifies (possible from inscriptions) other participants in the scene as: the infant Amphilochus, Eryphyle, her daughters, [[Eurydice (Greek myth)|Eurydice]] and  [[Demonassa|Demonissa]], and a naked Alcmaeon.<ref>Gantz, p. 508; Frazer, [https://archive.org/stream/pausaniassdescr02pausgoog#page/n638/mode/2up pp. 608&ndash;610]; [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0525.tlg001.perseus-eng1:5.17.7 5.17.7].</ref> He goes on to add that the poet [[Asius of Samos|Asius]] also has Alcmena as a daughter of Amphiaraus and Eriphyle.<ref>[[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0525.tlg001.perseus-eng1:5.17.8 5.17.8] [= [[Asius of Samos|Asius]] [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/asius-epic_fragments/2003/pb_LCL497.257.xml?rskey=4j5OsH&result=1 fr. 4 West]]</ref> According to [[Plutarch]], [[Alexida]] was a daughter of Amphiaraus.<ref>[[Plutarch]], ''Quaestiones Graecae'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg084b.perseus-eng1:23 23]</ref>

The Clytidae (alternate spelling "Klytidiai"), a clan of seers at [[Olympia, Greece|Olympia]], claimed to be the descendants of a [[Clytius]], who they said was the son of Amphiaraus' son Alcmaeon.<ref>Hard, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA430 p. 430]; [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0525.tlg001.perseus-eng1:6.17.6 6.17.6]</ref> According to Roman legends, the founder of the town of Tibur (modern [[Tivoli, Lazio|Tivoli]]) near [[Rome]], was a son of Amphiaraus.<ref>Smith 1854, [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0064:entry=tibur-geo&highlight=amphiaraus s.v. Tibur]; Smith 1873, [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DA%3Aentry+group%3D19%3Aentry%3Damphiaraus-bio-1 s.v. Amphiaraus]; Grimal, s.v. Amphiaraus; [[Gaius Julius Solinus]], ''Polyhistor'' [https://topostext.org/work/747#2.6 2.8&ndash;9]; [[Pliny the Elder]], [[Natural History]], [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/pliny_elder-natural_history/1938/pb_LCL370.541.xml 16.87]. Solinus, reports that, according to [[Cato the Elder|Cato]], "Catillus the Arcadian", an officer of [[Evander of Pallantium|Evander]], was the founder of Tibur, and Solinus goes on to say that this Catillus was the son of Amphiaraus, and that, on his grandfather Oicles' orders, he migrated to Italy, had three sons Tibertus, Coras and Catillus, expelled the Sicilia from the town of Sicani, and renamed the town Tibur after his eldest son Tibertus. Pliny the Elder, says that the founder of Tivoli was Amphiaraus' son Tiburnus. See also [[Virgil]], ''[[Aeneid]]'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/virgil-aeneid/1916/pb_LCL064.49.xml 7.670&ndash;672], [[Horace]], ''Odes'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/horace-odes/2004/pb_LCL033.61.xml 1.18.2], [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/horace-odes/2004/pb_LCL033.107.xml 2.6.5].</ref>