Editing Amedeo Avogadro (section)

==Biography==
[[File:Avogadro, Amedeo – Saggio di teoria matematica della distribuzione dell'elettricità sulla superficie dei corpi conduttori, 1844 – BEIC 6060302.jpg|thumb|''Essay on the mathematical theory of the distribution of electricity on the surface of conducting bodies'', 1844]]

Amedeo Avogadro was born in [[Turin]] to a noble family of the [[Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)|Kingdom of Sardinia]] (now part of [[Italy]]) in the year 1776. He graduated in [[ecclesiastical law]] at the late age of 20 and began to practice. Soon after, he dedicated himself to [[physics]] and [[mathematics]] (then called ''positive philosophy''),<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Aglio |first1=Linda S. |last2=Litvak |first2=Eva A. |last3=Desai |first3=Sukumar P. |title=History of anaesthesia |journal=European Journal of Anaesthesiology |date=January 2016 |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=1–3 |doi=10.1097/EJA.0000000000000356|pmid=26627677 }}</ref> and in 1809 started teaching them at a ''liceo'' (high school) in [[Vercelli]], where his family lived and had some property.

In 1811, he published an article with the title ''Essai d'une manière de déterminer les masses relatives des molécules élémentaires des corps, et les proportions selon lesquelles elles entrent dans ces combinaisons'' ("Essay on a manner  of Determining the Relative Masses of the Elementary Molecules of Bodies and the Proportions by Which They Enter These Combinations"), which contains Avogadro's hypothesis. Avogadro submitted this essay to [[Jean-Claude Delamétherie]]'s ''Journal de Physique, de Chimie et d'Histoire naturelle'' ("Journal of Physics, Chemistry and Natural History").

In 1820, he became a professor of physics at the [[University of Turin]]. Turin was now the capital of the restored Savoyard [[Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)|Kingdom of Sardinia]] under [[Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia|Victor Emmanuel I]]. Avogadro was active in the [[Piedmont insurrection|revolutionary movement]] of March 1821. As a result, he lost his chair in 1823 (or, as the university officially declared, it was "very glad to allow this interesting scientist to take a rest from heavy teaching duties, in order to be able to give better attention to his researches"). Eventually, King [[Charles Albert of Savoy|Charles Albert]] granted a Constitution (''[[Statuto Albertino]]'') in 1848. Well before this, Avogadro had been recalled to the university in Turin in 1833, where he taught for another twenty years.

Little is known about Avogadro's private life, which appears to have been sober and religious. He married Felicita Mazzé and had six children.{{Dubious |Number of kids |reason=Some sources say seven kids and some say six. |date=March 2016}} Avogadro held posts dealing with statistics, meteorology, and weights and measures (he introduced the [[metric system]] into Piedmont) and was a member of the Royal Superior Council on Public Instruction.

He died on 9 July 1856.