Editing Algeria (section)

== Name ==
[[File:Civitates-Orbis-Terrarium-1575.jpg|alt=Page of typeset book|left|thumb|"Algeria" page in the ''[[Georg Braun|Civitates Orbis Terrarium]]'' of 1575]]
Different forms of the name Algeria include: {{langx|ar|الجزائر|al-Jazāʾir}}, {{langx|arq|دزاير|dzāyer}}, {{langx|fr|l'Algérie}}. The country's full name is officially the ''People's Democratic Republic of Algeria''<ref>[http://www.joradp.dz/JO6283/1962/901/FP5.pdf Proclamación de la República argelina] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228094855/http://www.joradp.dz/JO6283/1962/901/FP5.pdf |date=28 February 2021 }}, Journal officiel de la republique algerienne, 1st year, 1st issue, 1962, páge 5.</ref> ({{langx|ar|الجمهورية الجزائرية الديمقراطية الشعبية|al-Jumhūriyah al-Jazāʾiriyah ad-Dīmuqrāṭiyah ash‑Shaʿbiyah|links=no}}; {{langx|fr|République algérienne démocratique et populaire|links=no}}, {{Abbr.}}RADP; [[Berber languages|Berber]] [[Tifinagh]]: {{Lang|ber|ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⴰⵢⵔⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴳⴷⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵖⴻⵔⴼⴰⵏⵜ}},<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Aps-dz |title=ⵜⵉⵔⵣⵉ ⵜⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴻⵍⵡⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⴻⴱⴱⵓⵏ ⵖⴻⵔ ⴽⵓⵡⴰⵢⵜ : ⵜⴰⵙⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⵓⵛⵔⵉⴽⵜ |url=https://www.aps.dz/tamazight-tif/algerie/12079-2022-02-23-17-05-33 |journal=Algeria Press Service}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ministère de l'Énergie {{!}} Algérie |url=https://www.energy.gov.dz/ |access-date=2024-08-17 |website=www.energy.gov.dz}}</ref>{{efn|name="transcription"|The transcription of Tamazight in the Tifinagh alphabet is not [[Codification (linguistics)|codified]].<ref name="El Watan 2020">{{cite web | title=La standardisation de la transcription n'est pas tranchée : Quelle graphie pour tamazight ? | website=El Watan | date=22 April 2020 | url=https://www.elwatan.com/regions/kabylie/tizi-ouzou/la-standardisation-de-la-transcription-nest-pas-tranchee-quelle-graphie-pour-tamazight-22-04-2020 | language=fr | access-date=14 March 2021 | archive-date=14 March 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210314144817/https://www.elwatan.com/regions/kabylie/tizi-ouzou/la-standardisation-de-la-transcription-nest-pas-tranchee-quelle-graphie-pour-tamazight-22-04-2020 | url-status=dead }}</ref>}} [[Berber Latin alphabet]]: {{lang|ber|Tagduda tazzayrit tamagdayt taɣerfant}}<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Aseɣnew n GPRA ila iswi n useddukkel n Tegrawla akked usegrew n umɣiwan aɣelnaw |url=https://www.aps.dz/tamazight-tal/algerie/71962-ase-new-n-gpra-ila-iswi-n-usddukkel-n-tegrawla-akked-usegrew-n-um-iwan-a-elnaw |journal=Algeria Press Service}}</ref>).

=== Etymology ===
Algeria's name derives from the city of [[Algiers]], which in turn derives from the Arabic {{lang|ar-Latn|al-Jazāʾir}} ({{lang|ar|الجزائر}}, 'the islands'), referring to four small islands off its coast,<ref>{{Cite book |last=LLC |first=Forbidden Fruits |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JA7tcmEx5lsC&q=origin+of+the+word+algeria+island&pg=PT14 |title=iAfrica – Ancient History UNTOLD |date=30 January 2013 |publisher=Forbidden Fruit Books LLC|access-date=8 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328154334/https://books.google.com/books?id=JA7tcmEx5lsC&q=origin+of+the+word+algeria+island&pg=PT14#v=snippet&q=origin%20of%20the%20word%20algeria%20island&f=false |archive-date=28 March 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> a truncated form of the older {{lang|ar-Latn|Jazāʾir Banī Mazghanna}} ({{lang|ar|جزائر بني مزغنة}}, 'islands of Bani Mazghanna').<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bazina |first1=Abdullah Salem |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EpvHCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA23 |title=The spread of Islam in Sub-Saharan in Africa |date=2010 |publisher=Al Manhal |isbn=978-9796500024 |language=ar |access-date=25 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216030953/https://books.google.ca/books?id=EpvHCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA23 |archive-date=16 December 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="idrisi">al-Idrisi, Muhammad (12th century) ''Nuzhat al-Mushtaq''</ref>{{page needed|date=February 2013}}<ref name="khaldun">{{cite book |last=Abderahman |first=Abderrahman |title=History of Ibn Khaldun&nbsp;– Volume 6 |year=1377}}</ref>{{page needed|date=February 2013}} The name was given by [[Buluggin ibn Ziri]] after he established the city on the ruins of the [[Phoenicia]]n city of [[Icosium]] in 950.<ref>{{Cite web |title=les origines d'alger, conference faite le 16 juin 1941, comite du vieil alger; venis |url=http://alger-roi.fr/Alger/alger_son_histoire/textes/3_origines_alger_1941_feuillets.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116134513/http://alger-roi.fr/Alger/alger_son_histoire/textes/3_origines_alger_1941_feuillets.htm |archive-date=16 January 2013 |access-date=2023-04-27 |website=alger-roi.fr}}</ref> It was employed by medieval geographers such as [[Muhammad al-Idrisi]] and [[Yaqut al-Hamawi]].

Algeria took its name from the Regency of Algeria<ref name="Nyrop-1972">{{Cite book |last=Nyrop |first=Richard F. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bdn0p4kDs6cC |title=Area Handbook for Algeria |date=1972 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |pages=7}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Studies |first=American University (Washington, D. C. ) Foreign Area |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ALHjoSJm-PsC&dq=Algeria+name+ottoman&pg=PA3 |title=Algeria, a Country Study |date=1979 |publisher=[Department of Defense], Department of the Army |pages=3}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Peaslee |first1=Amos Jenkins |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q2ICyUltcvIC |title=Constitutions of Nations: Volume I, Africa |last2=Xydis |first2=Dorothy Peaslee |date=1974 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-247-1681-4 |pages=3}}</ref> or Regency of Algiers,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardman |first=Ben |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ES_wd_TaxIoC&dq=Algeria+name+ottoman&pg=PA2 |title=Islam and the Métropole: A Case Study of Religion and Rhetoric in Algeria |date=2009 |publisher=Peter Lang |isbn=978-1-4331-0271-4 |pages=2}}</ref> when Ottoman rule was established in the central [[Maghreb]] in early 16th century. This period saw the installation of a political and administrative organisation which participated in the establishment of the {{lang|ar-Latn|Watan el djazâïr}} ({{Lang|ar|وطن الجزائر}}, 'country of Algiers') and the definition of its borders with its neighboring entities on the east and west.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Merouche |first=Lemnouar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeNPDwAAQBAJ |title=Recherches sur l'Algérie à l'époque ottomane II.: La course, mythes et réalité |date=2007-10-15 |publisher=Editions Bouchène |isbn=978-2-35676-055-5 |pages=139 |language=fr}}</ref> The [[Ottoman Turks]] who settled in Algeria referred both to themselves<ref>{{Cite book |last=Studies |first=American University (Washington, D. C. ) Foreign Area |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ALHjoSJm-PsC&dq=Algeria+name+ottoman&pg=PA3 |title=Algeria, a Country Study |date=1979 |publisher=[Department of Defense], Department of the Army |pages=23}}</ref><ref name="Naylor-2006">{{Cite book |last=Naylor |first=Phillip Chiviges |url=http://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000nayl |title=Historical dictionary of Algeria |date=2006 |publisher=Lanham, Md. : Scarecrow Press |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-8108-5340-9 |pages=11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Julien |first=Charles André |url=http://archive.org/details/historyofnorthaf0000juli |title=History of North Africa: Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco. From the Arab Conquest to 1830 |date=1970 |publisher=New York, Praeger |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-7100-6614-5 |pages=284}}</ref> and the peoples as "[[Algerians]]".<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Carpenter |first1=Allan |url=http://archive.org/details/algeria00carp |title=Algeria |last2=Balow |first2=Tom |date=1978 |publisher=Chicago : Childrens Press |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-516-04551-1 |pages=33}}</ref><ref name="Nyrop-1972"/> Acting as a central [[military]] and [[political authority]] in the regency, the Ottoman Turks shaped the modern [[political identity]] of Algeria as a state possessing all the attributes of [[sovereign]] independence, despite still being nominally subject to the [[List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire|Ottoman sultan]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ruedy |first=John (John Douglas) |url=http://archive.org/details/modernalgeriaori0000rued |title=Modern Algeria : the origins and development of a nation |date=1992 |publisher=Bloomington : Indiana University Press |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-253-34998-9 |pages=16}}</ref>{{Sfn|Nyrop|1972|p=15}} Algerian nationalist, historian and statesman [[Ahmed Tewfik El Madani]] regarded the regency as the "first Algerian state" and the "Algerian Ottoman republic".<ref name="Naylor-2006" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Maddy-Weitzman |first=Bruce |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xVpxZSTyhb0C&dq=Algerian+ottoman+republic&pg=PA34 |title=The Berber Identity Movement and the Challenge to North African States |date=2011-05-01 |publisher=University of Texas Press |isbn=978-0-292-74505-6 |pages=34}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Coller |first=Ian |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5A3UDwAAQBAJ&dq=Algerian+ottoman+republic&pg=PA127 |title=Muslims and Citizens: Islam, Politics, and the French Revolution |date=2020-03-20 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-24953-8 |pages=127}}</ref>