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==Early life== === Family === Rosenberg was born on 12 January 1893 in [[Reval]] (now [[Tallinn]], Estonia), then in the [[Governorate of Estonia]] of the [[Russian Empire]]. His mother Elfriede (née Siré), who had [[French people|French]] and German ancestry, was the daughter of Louise Rosalie (née Fabricius), born near [[Lihula|Leal]] (modern [[Lihula]], Estonia) in 1842, and of the railway official Friedrich August Siré, born in [[Saint Petersburg]], Russia, in 1843.{{Sfn|Cecil|1972|p=6}}{{Sfn|Hiio|2018|p=}} Born in the same city in 1868, Elfriede Siré received the Christian sacrament of [[Confirmation]] in Reval at 17 in 1885. She married Woldemar Wilhelm Rosenberg, a wealthy merchant from Reval, in the [[Lutheran Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul]] (St-Petersburg) in 1886.{{Sfn|Hiio|2018|p=}} His mother died two months after his birth.{{Sfn|Piper|2015|p=21}}{{Sfn|Hiio|2018|p=}} His paternal grandfather, Martin Rosenberg, was a master shoemaker and elder of his [[guild]]. Born in [[Riga]] in 1820, and probably partly of [[Latvians|Latvian]] descent, he had moved to Reval in the 1850s, where he met Julie Elisabeth Stramm, born in [[Juuru|Jörden]] (now Estonia) in 1835. The two married in the German St. Nicholas parish of Reval in 1856.{{Sfn|Cecil|1972|p=6}}{{Sfn|Hiio|2018|p=}} The [[Hungarian-Jewish]] journalist Franz Szell, who was apparently residing in [[Sovetsk, Kaliningrad Oblast|Tilsit]], [[Prussia]], [[Weimar Republic|Germany]], spent a year researching in Latvian and Estonian archives before publishing an open letter in 1936, with copies to [[Hermann Göring]], [[Joseph Goebbels]], Foreign Minister [[Konstantin von Neurath]] and others, accusing Rosenberg of having "no drop of German blood" flowing in his veins. Szell wrote that among Rosenberg's ancestors were only "Latvians, Jews, Mongols, and French."<ref>Staff (March 2008) [http://www.aim25.com/cats/104/8539.htm "Szell, Franz (fl 1936-1937): correspondence regarding Alfred Rosenberg" (catalog entry)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316130144/https://aim25.com/cats/104/8539.htm |date=16 March 2022 }} Wiener Library Quote: "Franz Szell, an exiled Hungarian journalist apparently resident in Tilsit, Lithuania spent more than a year in the archives in Latvia and Estonia researching Alfred Rosenberg's family history with a view to publishing the open letter, 936/1."</ref> As a result of his open letter, Szell was deported by Lithuanian authorities on 15 September 1936.<ref>Staff (5 September 1936) [http://www.jta.org/1936/09/16/archive/lithuania-deports-writer-who-called-nazi-chief-non-aryan "Lithuania Deports Writer Who Called Nazi Chief 'non-aryan{{'"}}] ''[[Jewish Telegraph Agency]]''</ref> His claims were repeated in the 15 September 1937 issue of the [[Vatican City|Vatican]] newspaper ''[[L'Osservatore Romano]]''.<ref>Gugenberger, Edouard (2002) ''Boten der Apokalypse. Visionäre des Dritten Reichs''. Vienna. p.196 {{ISBN|3-8000-3840-4}}</ref> === Education and early career === The young Rosenberg graduated from the Petri-Realschule (currently [[Tallinn Secondary School of Science|Tallinna Reaalkool]]) and enrolled in architecture studies at the [[Riga Polytechnical Institute]] in the Autumn of 1910. In 1915, as the German army was approaching Riga, the entire school evacuated to the [[Bauman Moscow State Technical University|Moscow Imperial Higher Technical School]]<ref name="zeno">{{cite web|url=http://www.zeno.org/Geschichte/M/Der+N%C3%BCrnberger+Proze%C3%9F/Hauptverhandlungen/Einhundertachter+Tag.+Montag,+15.+April+1946/Nachmittagssitzung |title=Der Nürnberger Prozeß, Hauptverhandlungen, Einhundertachter Tag. Montag, 15. April 1946, Nachmittagssitzung |publisher=zeno.org|access-date=16 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Hasenfratz | first1 = H. P. | title = Die Religion Alfred Rosenbergs | journal = Numen | volume = 36 | issue = 1 | pages = 113–126 | doi = 10.2307/3269855 | year = 1989 | jstor = 3269855 }}</ref> ({{langx |ru| Императорское Московское техническое училище (ИМТУ)}}), where he completed his PhD studies in 1917. During his stays at home in Reval, he attended the art studio of the famed painter [[Ants Laikmaa]]—though he showed promise, there are no records that he ever exhibited. During the [[German occupation of Estonia during World War I|German occupation of Estonia]] in 1918, Rosenberg served as a drawing teacher at the [[Gustav Adolf Gymnasium]] and [[Tallinn Second Secondary School of Science|Tallinna II Reaalkool]] (current [[Tallinn Polytechnic School]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tptlive.ee/majutus/opetajad-labi-kahe-sajandi-2#opetajad_labi_kahe_sajandi | title=Õpetajad läbi kahe sajandi | date=29 April 2022 }}</ref>). He gave his first speech on "[[Jewish Bolshevism|Jewish Marxism]]" on 30 November, at the [[House of the Blackheads (Tallinn)|House of the Blackheads]], after the 28 November 1918 outbreak of the [[Estonian War of Independence]].<ref name="Kapo">Pekka Erelt [http://ekspress.delfi.ee/kuum/kapo-luuras-natsijuhi-alfred-rosenbergi-jarele?id=64991850 Kapo luuras natsijuhi Alfred Rosenbergi järele] [[Eesti Ekspress]]</ref> He emigrated to Germany with the retreating [[Imperial German army]], along with [[Max Erwin von Scheubner-Richter|Max Scheubner-Richter]], who served as something of a mentor to Rosenberg and to his ideology. Arriving in [[Munich]], he contributed to [[Dietrich Eckart]]'s publication, the ''[[Völkischer Beobachter]]'' (''Ethnic/Nationalist Observer''). By this time, he was both an [[antisemite]] – influenced by [[Houston Stewart Chamberlain]]'s book ''[[The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century]]'', one of the key proto-Nazi books of [[racial theory]] – and an [[Anti-communism|anti-Bolshevik]].<ref name="Evans 2004 178–179">{{cite book | last = Evans | first = Richard J | author-link = Richard J. Evans | title = The Coming of the Third Reich | publisher = Penguin Books | year =2004 | location = London | pages = 178–179 | isbn = 0-14-100975-6 | title-link = The Third Reich Trilogy }}</ref> Rosenberg became one of the earliest members of the [[German Workers' Party]] – later renamed the [[Nazi Party|National Socialist German Workers' Party]], better known as the Nazi Party – joining in January 1919, eight months before [[Adolf Hitler]] joined in September. According to some historians, Rosenberg had also been a member of the [[Thule Society]], along with Eckart,<ref>[[Ian Kershaw|Kershaw, Ian]] (2000) [https://books.google.com/books?id=nV-N10gyoFwC&dq ''Hitler, 1889-1936: Hubris''], W. W. Norton & Company. pp.138-139. {{ISBN|9780393320350}}</ref> although [[Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke]] contends that they were only guests.<ref>{{harvnb|Goodrick-Clarke|1985|pp=149, 221}}</ref><ref name="Goodrick-Clarke 2003 114">{{harvnb|Goodrick-Clarke|2003|p=114}}</ref> The ''[[Völkischer Beobachter]]'' became the Nazi party newspaper in December 1920. Eckart was its first editor and after his bout with alcoholism, Rosenberg became its editor in 1923.{{Sfn|Cecil|1972|p=34}} Rosenberg was a leading member of [[Aufbau Vereinigung]], Reconstruction Organisation, a conspiratorial organisation of White Russian émigrés which had a critical influence on early Nazi policy.<ref>Kellogg 227–228</ref> Rosenberg sympathized and identified with [[Talaat Pasha]] and the [[Committee of Union and Progress]] that carried out the [[Armenian genocide]], also claiming that there was "a deliberately Jewish policy which had always protected the Armenians" and that "during the world war, the Armenians have led the espionage against the Turks, similar to the Jews against Germany".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kieser |first1=Hans-Lukas |author1-link=Hans-Lukas Kieser |title=[[Talaat Pasha: Father of Modern Turkey, Architect of Genocide]] |date=2018 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-1-4008-8963-1 |pages=410–411}} *{{lay source |template=cite encyclopedia |last1=Kieser |first1=Hans-Lukas |entry=Pasha, Talat |url=https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/pasha_talat |encyclopedia=1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Hofmann |first1=Tessa |title=Mass Media and the Genocide of the Armenians: One Hundred Years of Uncertain Representation |date=2016 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |isbn=978-1-137-56402-3 |pages=85–109 |language=en |chapter=From Silence to Re-remembrance: The Response of German Media to Massacres and Genocide against the Ottoman Armenians}}</ref>
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