Editing Alemanni (section)

==Name==
{{see|Suebi#Etymology}}
According to [[Gaius Asinius Quadratus]] (quoted in the mid-sixth century by Byzantine historian [[Agathias]]), the name ''Alamanni''  (Ἀλαμανοι) means "all men". It indicates that they were a conglomeration drawn from various Germanic tribes.<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=1|wstitle=Alamanni|volume=1|page=468}}</ref> The Romans and the Greeks called them as such (Alamanni, all men, in the sense of a group composed of men of all groups in the region). This derivation was accepted by [[Edward Gibbon]], in his ''Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire''<ref>{{cite web|author=Edward Gibbon. |url=http://www.ccel.org/g/gibbon/decline/volume1/chap10.htm#MIX |title=Chapter 10 |publisher=Ccel.org |access-date=2012-01-02}}</ref> and by the anonymous contributor of notes assembled from the papers of [[Nicolas Fréret]], published in 1753.<ref name=Freret>''Histoire de l'Académie Royale des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, avec les Mémoires de Littérature tirés des Registres de cette Académie, depuis l'année MDCCXLIV jusques et compris l'année MDCCXLVI'', vol. XVIII, (Paris 1753) pp. 49–71. Excerpts are on-line at [http://www.eliohs.unifi.it/testi/700/freret/vues.html#notaed ELIOHS].</ref>
This etymology has remained the standard derivation of the name.<ref>It is cited in most etymological dictionaries, such as the ''[[American Heritage Dictionary]]'' (large edition) under the root, [http://www.bartleby.com/61/roots/IE295.html *man-] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060519035935/http://www.bartleby.com/61/roots/IE295.html |date=2006-05-19 }}.</ref>
An alternative suggestion proposes derivation from ''[[:wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/alhs|*alah]]'' "sanctuary".<ref>"the name is possibly Alahmannen, 'men of the sanctuary'" [[Inglis Palgrave]] (ed.), ''The Collected Historical Works of [[Francis Palgrave|Sir Francis Palgrave]], K.H.'' (1919), p. 443 (citing: "[[J. B. Bury|Bury]]'s ed. of ''Gibbon'' (Methuen), vol. I [1902], p. 278 note; [[Hector Munro Chadwick|H. M. Chadwick]], ''Origin of the English Nation'' [1907]").</ref>

[[Walafrid Strabo]] in the ninth century remarked, in discussing the people of Switzerland and the surrounding regions, that only foreigners called them the Alemanni, but that they gave themselves the name of ''[[Suebi]]''.<ref>''Igitur quia mixti Alamannis Suevi, partem Germaniae ultra Danubium, partem Raetiae inter Alpes et Histrum, partemque Galliae circa Ararim obsederunt; antiquorum vocabulorum veritate servata, ab incolis nomen patriae derivemus, et Alamanniam vel Sueviam nominemus. Nam cum duo sint vocabula unam gentem significantia, priori nomine nos appellant circumpositae gentes, quae Latinum habent sermonem; sequenti, usus nos nuncupat barbarorum.'' Walafrid Strabo, ''Proleg. ad Vit. S. Galli'' (833/4) ed. [[Patrologia Latina|Migne (1852)]]; Thomas Greenwood, ''The First Book of the History of the Germans: Barbaric Period'' (1836), [https://archive.org/details/firstbookofhisto00gree/page/498 p. 498].</ref>
The Suebi are given the alternative name of ''Ziuwari'' (as ''Cyuuari'') in an Old High German gloss, interpreted by [[Jacob Grimm]] as ''Martem colentes'' ("worshippers of [[Mars Thingsus|Mars]]").<ref>Rudolf Much, ''Der germanische Himmelsgott'' (1898), p. 192.</ref> [[Annio da Viterbo]] a scholar and historian of the 15th century claimed the Alemanni had their name from the [[Hebrew language]], as in Hebrew the river [[Rhine]] was translated into ''Mannum'' and the people who live at its shores were called ''Alemannus''.<ref name=":0">{{Citation |last=Popper |first=Nicholas S. |title=Planks from a Shipwreck: Belief and Evidence in Sixteenth-Century Histories |date=2023 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09722-5_7 |work=Collected Wisdom of the Early Modern Scholar: Essays in Honor of Mordechai Feingold |series=Archimedes |volume=64 |pages=141–142 |editor-last=Roos |editor-first=Anna Marie |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-09722-5_7 |isbn=978-3-031-09722-5 |access-date=2023-01-04 |editor2-last=Manning |editor2-first=Gideon}}</ref> This was refuted by [[Beatus Rhenanus]], a [[Humanism|humanist]] of the 16th century.<ref name=":0" /> Rhenanus argued the term Alemanni was meant for the whole Germanic people only in [[late antiquity]] and before it was only meant to designate the population of an island in the [[North Sea]].<ref name=":0" />