Editing Albury (section)

==History==
The [[Wiradjuri]] (Wiradjuri northern dialect pronunciation [wiraːjd̪uːraj]) or Wirraayjuurray people (Wiradjuri southern dialect pronunciation [wiraːjɟuːraj]) people were the first known humans to occupy the area, and are a group of Indigenous Australian Aboriginal people that were united by a common language, strong ties of kinship and survived as skilled hunter–fisher–gatherers in family groups or clans scattered throughout central New South Wales.

In the 21st century, major Wiradjuri groups live in [[Condobolin]], [[Peak Hill, New South Wales|Peak Hill]], [[Narrandera]] and [[Griffith, New South Wales|Griffith]]. There are significant populations at Wagga Wagga and Leeton and smaller groups at West Wyalong, Parkes, Dubbo, Forbes, Cootamundra, Cowra and Young.

===European exploration===
The explorers [[Hume and Hovell]] arrived at what their maps called 'Crossing Point', but is now known as the [[Murray River]] at Albury, on 16 November 1824. They named the river the ''Hume River'', after Hume's father, and the next day inscribed a tree by the river bank before continuing their journey south to Westernport in Victoria. In 1830, explorer Captain [[Charles Sturt]] discovered the Hume River downstream at its junction with the [[Murrumbidgee River]]. Not realising it was the same river, he named it the Murray River.<ref name=speake>{{cite book|editor-last1=Speake|editor-first1=Jennifer|editor-link=Jennifer Speake|title=Literature of Travel and Exploration: R to Z|date=2003|publisher=[[Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers]]|location=London|isbn=1-57958-440-3|page=1154|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lCUz-XMay4oC&pg=PA1154}}</ref> Both names persisted for some time, Hume falling into disuse eventually in favour of Murray. The Aboriginal name for the river was ''Millewa''. A crossing place for the Murray became popular close to where Hovell inscribed the tree. {{Citation needed|date=October 2016}} In summer it was usually possible to cross the river by foot.

===British settlement===
Among the first [[Squatting (Australian history)|squatters]] to follow in the steps of the explorers and settle in the district were William Wyse and [[Charles Ebden]].

The first European buildings erected at the crossing place were a provisions store and some small huts. A survey for a town was commissioned in 1838 by Assistant Surveyor Thomas Townsend who mapped out Wodonga Place (the present Wodonga Place) as the western boundary, Hume Street as the northern boundary, Kiewa Street to the east and Nurigong Street to the south, with Townsend Street being the only other north–south road, and Ebden and Hovell Streets being the two other east–west roads. Townsend proposed the settlement be named 'Bungambrawatha ', the Aboriginal name for the area, but when his plan was eventually approved and published in the Government Gazette on 13 April 1839 the name had been changed to Albury.<ref name="GNBofNSW">{{NSW GNR|id=MnqwlM|title=Albury|access-date=16 November 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Indigenous Artefacts|url=https://www.alburycity.nsw.gov.au/leisure/museum-and-libraries/collections/local-and-social-history/indigenous-artifacts|access-date=24 December 2021|website=Albury City|date=4 September 2019|archive-date=24 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224002251/https://www.alburycity.nsw.gov.au/leisure/museum-and-libraries/collections/local-and-social-history/indigenous-artifacts|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Albury is said to be named after a village in [[Kent]], England which it apparently resembled,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article55185386 |title=PLACE NAMES. |newspaper=[[The Australian Women's Weekly]]|date=13 May 1964 |page=61 |via=Trove}}</ref> though that referenced publication seems incorrect since there is no Albury in Kent. More  plausible is Albury in adjacent Surrey, straddling the Tillingbourne river and a significant 18th century site of mills and industry.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.alburyhistory.org.uk |title=Home |website=Albury History Society |access-date=7 October 2021}}</ref>

===Frontier town===
[[File:AlburyHistoricCourtHouse2.JPG|left|thumb|The historic Albury Court House was completed in 1860]]
By 1847 the Albury settlement included two [[public house]]s and a handful of huts, a police barracks and a blacksmiths. A log punt established in 1844 serviced the crossing of the [[Murray River]]. Albury Post Office opened on 1 April 1843, closed in 1845, then reopened in the township on 1 February 1847.<ref name="a">{{cite web | last = Phoenix Plaza History | title = Post Office List | url = http://www.phoenixauctions.com.au/cgi-bin/wsPhoenix.sh/Viewpocdwrapper.p?SortBy=NSW&filter=*Albury*| access-date = 23 January 2021 }}</ref>

In 1851, with the separation of Victoria from New South Wales, and the border falling on the Murray River, Albury found itself a frontier town. With an increase in commerce with Melbourne, the first bridge was built in 1860 to the design of surveyor [[William Snell Chauncy]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Anna Cox (1820–1895)|url=https://hardwick.site/anna.cox|access-date=1 June 2021|website=hardwick.site}}</ref> Albury at this time became a customs post between the two colonies as New South Wales held a protectionist stance after gaining its constitution in 1856.

Albury was at this time starting to grow substantially with [[German settlements in the Riverina|German speaking immigrants]] using the area to grow grapes for wine. By the 1870s a butter factory was established, [[flour mill]], [[wineries]] and locally brewed [[cider]] and soft drinks were available.{{Citation needed|date=October 2016}}

[[File:Albury NSW 1881 bird's-eye view Gibbs, Shallard, & Co.jpg|thumb|400px|Birds-eye view of Albury, New South Wales, 1881, by Gibbs, Shallard, & Co.]]
The railway line from Sydney arrived at Albury in 1881 (see [[#Rail|Transport-Rail]] below). A temporary wooden railway bridge joined the line to the Victorian network in 1883. New South Wales and Victoria had different track gauges until 1962, when the first train ran direct from Sydney to Melbourne. The two states could not initially agree which should be the transfer point so they had an expensive and attractive iron lattice bridge sent from Scotland which accommodated both gauges.

There was a school operating at Albury in 1848, catering for 13 private students. The following year the first National School opened on the corner of Dean and Kiewa Streets, with 73 students enrolled. In 1862 a new school was built in Olive Street on land which is now part of Albury Public School. The city's first mayor, James Fallon, was an innovator of the [[Public school (government funded)|Public School]], funding a demonstration High School to be built on Kiewa Streets. {{Citation needed|date=October 2016}} Albury High School opened in Kiewa Street in 1927.

===20th-century city===
[[File:Looking down Dean Street Albury (1920s - 1930s) from Monument Hill.jpg|thumb|Overlooking Albury from Monument Hill in the 1920s|left]]

The ''Royal Commission on Sites for the Seat of Government of the Commonwealth'' report of 1903 recommended Albury (along with [[Tumut]]) as the preferred candidate for the [[capital of Australia|national capital]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nationalcapital.gov.au/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=253&Itemid=247|title=History of the Capital|access-date=21 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821192642/https://www.nationalcapital.gov.au/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=253&Itemid=247|archive-date=21 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> though the proposal met staunch opposition from residents.<ref name="The National Capital 1938. pg. 24">'The National Capital: Why Albury was not chosen' from The West Australian. Friday 6 May 1938. pg. 24</ref> At a public meeting, just one member of parliament voted in favour of Albury – [[Isaac Isaacs]], member for [[Division of Indi|Indi]]. The lack of support for other places ultimately led to the selection of Canberra as the preferred site.<ref name="The National Capital 1938. pg. 24"/><ref>[http://www.alburycity.nsw.gov.au/inside-alburycity/about-albury About Albury] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140421193643/http://www.alburycity.nsw.gov.au/inside-alburycity/about-albury |date=21 April 2014 }}, [http://www.alburycity.nsw.gov.au/ alburycity.nsw.gov.au/].</ref>
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[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Een grote groep mannen trekt aan een touw het vliegtuig De Uiver uit de modder, Albury TMnr 60033431.jpg|thumb|The Uiver being pulled out of the mud after its emergency landing in Albury in 1934]]
In 1934, a [[Douglas DC-2]] airliner of [[KLM]] (the "Uiver"), a competitor in the [[MacRobertson Trophy Air Race]] (also known as the London to Melbourne Air Race), made an emergency night landing at the town's racecourse after becoming lost during severe thunderstorms. After signalling by [[Morse code]] A-L-B-U-R-Y to the lost aircrew by using the entire town's public lighting system, the "Uiver" was guided in to land safely. The makeshift runway at the racecourse was illuminated by the headlights of cars belonging to local residents who had responded to a special news bulletin on ABC radio station 2CO. The next morning many local volunteers helped pull the stranded aircraft out of the mud and the aircraft was able to take off and continue to Melbourne where it won first prize in the race's handicap category and was second overall.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alburycity.nsw.gov.au/help/uiver.htm |title=The Uiver Memorial Aircraft |access-date=16 June 2008 |work=Albury City website |publisher=Albury City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080719044652/http://www.alburycity.nsw.gov.au/help/uiver.htm |archive-date=19 July 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2006/11/21/1793944.htm?site=goulburnmurray|title= Flight of the Uiver |date= 21 November 2006|work=ABC Goulburn Murray website |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref>

Albury and Wodonga played a military role in World War II with the establishment of ordnance bases at [[Bandiana]] and [[Bonegilla]]. Proclaimed a city in 1946, Albury played a role in the [[post-war immigration to Australia]] with the establishment nearby of Australia's first migrant centre, the [[Bonegilla Migrant Reception and Training Centre]] in 1947.

Albury's proximity to Wodonga has spurred several efforts to achieve some kind of municipal governmental union (see [[Albury-Wodonga]]). In 1973, Albury-Wodonga was selected as the primary focus of the [[Whitlam]] federal government's scheme to redirect the uncontrolled growth of Australia's large coastal cities (Sydney and Melbourne in particular) by encouraging decentralisation. Grand plans were made to turn Albury-Wodonga into a major inland city and large areas of the surrounding farmland were compulsorily purchased by the government. Some industries were enticed to move there, and a certain amount of population movement resulted. However, the current urban population is approximately 92,200.<ref name=ABSSUA>{{cite web|title=3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2017–18: Population Estimates by Significant Urban Area, 2008 to 2018|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/DetailsPage/3218.02017-18|website=Australian Bureau of Statistics|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|date=27 March 2019}} Estimated resident population, 30 June 2018.</ref>
[[File:St. Matthew's Anglican Church, Albury NSW.jpg|thumb|240x240px|St Matthew's Anglican Church]]