Editing Aeneas (section)

== Etymology ==
[[File:MACEDON, Aineia. Circa 510-480 BC.jpg|thumb|Coinage of [[Aenea (city)|Aenea]], with portrait of Aeneas. c. 510–480 BCE.]]
Aeneas is the [[Romanization of Greek|Romanization]] of the hero's original [[Greek language|Greek]] name {{Langx|grc|Αἰνείας|label=none}} (''Aineías''). Aineías is first introduced in the ''[[Homeric Hymn]] to [[Aphrodite]]'' when Aphrodite gives him his name from the adjective {{Langx|grc|αὶνóν|label=none|italic=yes}}
({{Transliteration|grc|ainon|italic=yes}},
"terrible"), for the "terrible grief" ({{Langx|el|αὶνóν ἄχος|label=none|italic=invert}}) he has caused her by being born a mortal who will age and die.<ref group="lower-alpha">"His name will be Aineias [Aeneas], since it was an unspeakable [ainos] ''akhos'' that took hold of me – grief that I had fallen into the bed of a mortal man." (Nagy 2001, [https://uh.edu/~cldue/texts/aphrodite.html#_ftn18 198–99])</ref><ref name=":0">Nagy, Gregory, trans. (2001) ''[http://www.uh.edu/~cldue/texts/aphrodite.html Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite],'' edited by C. Dué Hackney. Houston: University of Houston.</ref> It is a popular etymology for the name, apparently exploited by Homer in the ''[[Iliad]]''.<ref>Andrew Faulkner, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=VuATDAAAQBAJ&dq=aeneas%20etymology&pg=PA257 The Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite: Introduction, Text, and Commentary]'' (2008) p. 257</ref> Later in the Medieval period there were writers who held that, because the ''Aeneid'' was written by a philosopher, it is meant to be read philosophically.<ref>Desmond, Marilynn (1994), ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=2b1qK94kbgIC&dq=aeneas%20etymology%20ennos%20demas&pg=PA85 Reading Dido: Gender, Textuality, and Medieval Aeneid].'' pp. 85–86.</ref> As such, in the "natural order", the meaning of Aeneas' name combines Greek {{Langx|grc|ennos|label=none|italic=yes}} ("dweller") with {{Langx|grc|demas|label=none|italic=yes}} ("body"), which becomes {{Langx|grc|ennaios|label=none|italic=yes}} or "in-dweller"—i.e. as a god inhabiting a mortal body.<ref>[[John of Salisbury]], ''Polycraticus'' 8.24–25; [[Bernardus Silvestris|Bernard Sylvestris of Tours]], ''Commentum supra sex libros Eneidos Vergilii''</ref> However, there is no certainty regarding the origin of his name.

===Epithets===
In imitation of the ''Iliad'', [[Virgil]] borrows [[epithet]]s of Homer, including: Anchisiades, ''magnanimum'', ''magnus'', ''heros'', and ''bonus''. Though he borrows many, Virgil gives Aeneas two epithets of his own, in the ''[[Aeneid]]:'' ''pater'' and ''pius''. The epithets applied by Virgil are an example of an attitude different from that of Homer, for whilst Odysseus is {{Langx|grc|poikilios|label=none|italic=yes}} ("wily"), Aeneas is described as {{Langx|grc|pius|label=none|italic=yes}} ("pious"), which conveys a strong moral tone. The purpose of these epithets seems to enforce the notion of Aeneas' divine hand as father and founder of the Roman race, and their use seems circumstantial: when Aeneas is praying he refers to himself as ''pius'', and is referred to as such by the author only when the character is acting on behalf of the gods to fulfill his divine mission. Likewise, Aeneas is called ''pater'' when acting in the interest of his men.<ref>Parry, Milman (1971), ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=cbvyswUgSnEC&dq=aeneas%20epithets&pg=PA169 The Making of Homeric Verse: The Collected Papers of Milman Parry],'' edited by [[Adam Parry]]. p. 169</ref>