Editing Adessive case (section)

==Finnish==

The Finnish adessive case has the word ending {{lang|fi|-lla}} or {{lang|fi|-llä}} (according to the rules of [[vowel harmony]]). It is usually added to nouns and associated adjectives.

It is used in the following ways.

* Expressing the static state of being on the surface of something. 
:Possible English meanings of ''on'', ''on top of'', or ''atop''
:: {{lang|fi|Kynä on pöydällä}} - ''The pen is on the table.''

*As an [[existential clause]] with the verb ''olla'' (to be) to express possession
:This is the Finnish way to express the English verb ''to have''
::{{lang|fi|Meillä on koira.}} = ''We have a dog. ('on our (possession, responsibility, etc.) is dog')''

* Expressing the instrumental use of something
:Possible English meanings of ''with'', ''by'' or ''using''
::{{lang|fi|Hän meni Helsinkiin junalla.}}'' - He went to Helsinki by train.''
::{{lang|fi|Hän osti sen eurolla.}}'' - He bought it for a Euro.''

* In certain time expressions expressing the time at which events occur
:Possible English meanings of ''during'', ''in'' or ''over''
::{{lang|fi|Aamulla.}}'' - In the morning. ''
::''{{lang|fi|Keväällä.}}'' - ''During Spring.''

* Expressing the general proximity in space or time at which something occurs (where the more specific proximity case would be the inessive)
:Possible English meaning of ''at''
::{{lang|fi|Poikani on koululla}} - ''My son is at school.'' 
:::(cf. inessive case: {{lang|fi|Poikani on koulussa}} - ''My son is inside the school.'') 
::{{lang|fi|Hän on ruokatunnilla.}} - ''He is at lunch.'' - literally ''"on the lunch hour"''.
:::(This proximity difference corresponds to adverbial forms such as {{lang|fi|täällä}} - ''"around here"'' and {{lang|fi|tässä}} - ''"right here"'',
though they are not strictly a use of the adessive case).