Editing Acre, Israel (section)

==Names==
The etymology of the name is unknown.<ref name="akkoorghistory">[http://www.akko.org.il/%D7%A2%D7%9B%D7%95-%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94-%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A2-%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%99-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94 Acre: Historical overview] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901050654/http://akko.org.il/%D7%A2%D7%9B%D7%95-%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94-%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A2-%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%99-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94 |date=2018-09-01 }} (Hebrew)</ref> A [[folk etymology]] in [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] is that, when the ocean was created, it expanded until it reached Acre and then stopped, giving the city its name (in Hebrew, ''ad koh'' means "up to here" and no further).<ref name="akkoorghistory"/>

Acre seems to be recorded in [[Egyptian hieroglyphs]], probably being the {{sc|ʿky}} in the [[execration texts]] from around 1800{{nbsp}}BC.{{sfnp|Lipiński|2004|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=SLSzNfdcqfoC&pg=PA304 304]}} The [[Akkadian language|Akkadian]] [[cuneiform]] [[Amarna letters]] also mention an "Akka" in the mid-14th century{{nbsp}}BC.<ref>Burraburias II to [[Akhenaten|Amenophis IV]], letter No. 2</ref><ref name="Aharoni1979">{{Cite book |last= Aharoni |first= Yohanan |author-link= Yohanan Aharoni |title= The land of the Bible: a historical geography |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=AMtoyNxWw0UC&pg=PA144 |access-date= October 18, 2010 |year= 1979 |publisher= Westminster John Knox Press |isbn= 978-0-664-24266-4 |pages= 144–147 |archive-date= September 27, 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130927115230/http://books.google.com/books?id=AMtoyNxWw0UC&pg=PA144 |url-status= live }}</ref>
Acre was known to the [[ancient Greece|Greeks]] as ''Ákē'' ({{langx|grc|Ἄκη}}), a homonym for a Greek word meaning "cure". [[Greek mythology|Greek legend]] then offered a folk etymology that [[Hercules]] had found [[herbalism|curative herbs]] at the site after one of his many fights.<ref>''The Guide to Israel'', [[Zev Vilnay]], Ahiever, Jerusalem, 1972, p. 396</ref> This name was [[latinisation of names|Latinized]] as '''Ace'''. [[Josephus]]'s histories also transcribed the city into Greek as ''Akre''.

The city appears in the [[Babylonian Talmud]] with the [[Jewish Babylonian Aramaic]] name {{Script/Hebrew|תלבוש}} ''Talbush'' of uncertain etymology.<ref>{{cite wikisource |first=Marcus  |last=Jastrow|author-link=Marcus Jastrow |chapter=תל - תלי |wslink=A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature |plaintitle= A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature |edition= Eleventh |year=1903}}</ref>

Under the [[Diadochi]], the [[Ptolemaic Kingdom]] renamed the city '''Ptolemaïs''' and the [[Seleucid Empire]] '''Antioch'''.{{sfnp|Head & al.|1911|p=793}} As both names were shared by a great many other towns, they were variously distinguished. The Syrians called it {{nowrap|"Antioch in Ptolemais"}} ({{lang|grc|Ἀντιόχεια τῆς ἐν Πτολεμαΐδι}}, ''Antiókheia tês en Ptolemaΐdi'').{{sfnp|Head & al.|1911|p=793}}

Under Claudius, it was also briefly known as '''Germanicia in Ptolemais''' ({{lang|grc|Γερμανίκεια τῆς ἐν Πτολεμαΐδι}}, ''Germaníkeia tês en Ptolemaΐdi'').{{sfnp|Head & al.|1911|p=793}} As a [[Colonia (Roman)|Roman colony]], it was notionally refounded and renamed ''{{lang|la|Colonia Claudii Caesaris Ptolemais}}''<ref name=dgrg/> or ''{{lang|la|Colonia Claudia Felix Ptolemais Garmanica Stabilis}}''<ref name="antiquities.org.il">{{Cite web |url=http://www.antiquities.org.il/article_eng.aspx?sec_id=17&sub_subj_id=403 |title=Roman Ptolemais: recent discoveries |access-date=2018-11-23 |archive-date=2018-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123154222/http://www.antiquities.org.il/article_eng.aspx?sec_id=17&sub_subj_id=403 |url-status=live }}</ref> after its imperial sponsor [[Claudius]]; it was known as {{nowrap|'''Colonia Ptolemais'''}} for short.<ref name=dgrg>{{Cite DGRG|title=Ace}}</ref>

During the Crusades, it was officially known as '''Sainct-Jehan-d'Acre''' or more simply '''Acre''' (Modern {{langx|fr|Saint-Jean-d'Acre}} {{IPA|fr|sɛ̃ ʒɑ̃ dakʁ|}}), after the [[Knights Hospitaller]] who had their headquarters there and whose [[patron saint]] was [[Saint John the Baptist]]. This name remained quite popular in the Christian world until modern times, often translated into the language being used: ''Saint John of Acre'' (in English), ''{{lang|es|San Juan de Acre}}'' (in [[Spanish language|Spanish]]), ''{{lang|ca|Sant Joan d'Acre}}'' (in [[Catalan language|Catalan]]), ''{{lang|it|San Giovanni d'Acri}}'' (in [[Italian language|Italian]]), etc.