Editing 8 mm film (section)

==Standard 8==
{{main|Standard 8&nbsp;mm film}}
[[File:Ciné-Kodak Kodachrome 8mm movie film expired May1946.jpg|thumb|right|Ciné-Kodak Kodachrome 8mm movie film (expired: May 1946)]]
[[File:UniversumUNAM54.JPG|thumb|Revere Model 144 8&nbsp;mm film camera from 1955 at [[Universum (UNAM)|Universum]] museum in Mexico City]]
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| title       = Detroit in 1940
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|description=1940 color 8mm footage of [[Metro Detroit]]
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The standard 8&nbsp;mm (also known as regular 8 or double 8) [[film formats|film format]] was developed by the [[Eastman Kodak]] company during the [[Great Depression]] and released to the market in 1932 to create a [[home movies|home movie]] format that was less expensive than [[16 mm film|16&nbsp;mm]].

Double 8 spools actually contain a [[16 mm film]] with twice as many perforations along each edge as normal 16&nbsp;mm film; on its first pass through the camera, the film is exposed only along half of its width. When the first pass is complete, the operator opens the camera and flips and swaps the spools (the design of the spool hole ensures that the operator does this properly) and the same film is subsequently exposed along its other edge, the edge left unexposed on the first pass. After the film is developed, the processor splits it down the middle, resulting in two lengths of 8&nbsp;mm film, each with a single row of perforations along one edge.  Each frame is half the width and half the height of a 16&nbsp;mm frame, so there are four times the number of frames in a given film area, which is what makes it cost less. Because of the two passes of the film, the format was sometimes called ''Double 8''. The frame size of regular 8&nbsp;mm is 4.8&nbsp;mm × 3.5&nbsp;mm, and 1 meter of film contains 264 pictures. Normally, Double 8 is filmed at 16 or 18 frames per second.

Common length film spools allowed filming of about 3 to {{frac|4|1|2}} minutes at 12, 15, 16, and 18 frames per second.

[[Kodak]] ceased sales of standard 8&nbsp;mm film under its own brand in the early 1990s but continued to manufacture the film, which was sold via independent film stores. Black-and-white 8&nbsp;mm film is still manufactured in the Czech Republic, and several companies buy bulk quantities of 16&nbsp;mm film to make regular 8&nbsp;mm by re-perforating the stock, cutting it into 25 foot (7.6 m) lengths, and collecting it into special standard 8&nbsp;mm spools, which they then sell. Re-perforation requires special equipment. Some specialists also produce Super 8&nbsp;mm film from existing 16&nbsp;mm or even 35&nbsp;mm film stock.

===Sound===

When Eastman Kodak first conceived the 8&nbsp;mm format, no provision was made for the addition of a sound track. Nevertheless, in the 1960s, projectors appeared on the market that were capable of recording and replaying sound from a magnetic stripe applied to the film after it had been processed. The only part of the film wide enough to accept such a magnetic stripe was the area between the edge and the perforations. A much narrower stripe was sometimes added to the opposite edge so that the film piled up evenly on the spool, but was never used for sound. The sound to picture separation was the same dimensionally as 16&nbsp;mm film, and as that format is 28 frames, that meant that the Double-8 system was 56 frames. The proximity of the sound stripe to the perforations caused some problems in keeping the film in close contact with the sound head. There was never an optical system.

A few sound prints appeared for use in Double 8 projectors.