Editing 841 (section)

== Events ==
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=== By place ===
==== Europe ====
* [[June 25]] &ndash; [[Battle of Fontenay (841)|Battle of Fontenay]]: Frankish forces of Emperor [[Lothair I]], and his nephew [[Pepin II of Aquitaine]], are defeated by allied forces of King [[Louis the German]], and his half-brother [[Charles the Bald]], at [[Fontenoy, Yonne|Fontenoy]] (Eastern [[France]]), in a [[civil war]] among the three surviving sons of the former emperor [[Louis the Pious]]. A total of 40,000 men are killed, including the [[Francia|Frankish]] nobles [[Gerard, Count of Auvergne|Gerard of Auvergne]] and [[Ricwin of Nantes]], fighting on the side of Charles.<ref>Eric Joseph, ''Struggle for Empire'', p. 103. Cornell University, 2006. {{ISBN|0-8014-3890-X}}. Joseph states this number, given by [[Agnellus, Bishop of Ravenna|Agnellus]] of Ravenna, is probably exaggerated.</ref>
* Summer &ndash; [[Vikings]] sail up the [[Seine|River Seine]] and devastate the city of [[Rouen]] in [[Normandy]]. They burn the [[Order of Saint Benedict|Benedictine]] monastery of [[Jumièges Abbey]]; 68 captives are taken, and returned on payment of a [[ransom]], by the [[monk]]s of [[Basilica of St Denis|St. Denis]].<ref>Recorded in the [[Abbey of Saint Wandrille|Chronicle of Fontenelle Abbey]].</ref>

==== Ireland ====
* The town of ''Dyflin'' (meaning "Black Pool") or [[Dublin]] (modern [[Ireland]]) is founded by [[Norway|Norwegian]] Vikings, on the south bank of the [[River Liffey]]. The settlement is fortified with a [[ditch]] and an earth [[Rampart (fortification)|rampart]], with a wooden [[palisade]] on top. The [[Norsemen]] establish a [[wool]] weaving industry, and there is also a [[Slavery|slave]] trade. An artificial hill is erected, where the [[nobility]] meets to make laws and discuss [[policy]].

==== Byzantine Empire ====
* [[Constantine Kontomytes]], Byzantine general (''[[Strategos#Byzantine use|strategos]]'') of the [[Thracesian Theme]], inflicts a severe defeat on the [[Crete|Cretan]] [[Saracens]]. He leads a [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] expeditionary force, to raid the [[Monastery|monastic]] community near [[Beşparmak Mountains#History|Mount Latros]] (modern [[Turkey]]).<ref>{{harvnb|Treadgold|1988|pp=324–325}}.</ref>
* [[Republic of Venice|Venice]] sends a fleet of 60 [[galley]]s (each carrying 200 men) to assist the Byzantines in driving the [[Arabs]] from [[Province of Crotone|Crotone]], but the attack fails. Muslim troops conquer the city of [[Brindisi]] (approximate date).<ref name="Norwich32">J. Norwich, ''A History of Venice'', p. 32.</ref>

==== Abbasid Caliphate ====
* A pro-[[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]] rebellion, led by [[al-Mubarqa]] in [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]], breaks out against caliph [[al-Mu'tasim]] of the [[Abbasid Caliphate]] (ending in [[842]]).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Al-Muʿtaṣim {{!}} ʿAbbāsid caliph|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/al-Mutasim|access-date=2021-05-18|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref>

==== Asia ====
* In the Chinese capital of [[Chang'an]], the [[Chang'an#West Central Chang'an|West Market]] (and [[Chang'an#East Central Chang'an|East Market]]) are closed every night one hour and three quarters before [[dusk]] (by government order); the [[curfew]] is signaled by the sound of 300 beats to a loud gong. After the official [[Market (place)|market]]s have been closed for the night, small night markets in residential areas thrive with plenty of customers, despite government efforts to shut them down. With the decline of the government's authority (by mid [[9th century]]), this edict (like many others) is largely ignored, as [[Urban area|urban]] dwellers keep attending the night markets regardless.
* [[December 17]] – Comet [[X/841 Y1]] is first sighted in Chang'an by the Japanese monk [[Ennin]].<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Piero |last1=Sicoli |first2=Marilina |last2=Cesario |first3=Roberto |last3=Gorelli |title=Comets and Political Anxieties in the First Half of the Ninth Century: New Light on Comets X/839 B1 and X/841 Y1 |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=213–226 |year=2022 |journal=[[Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage]] |doi=10.3724/SP.J.1440-2807.2022.02.04 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/368235253}}</ref>
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