Editing 809 (section)

== Events ==
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=== By place ===

==== Byzantine Empire ====
* Spring &ndash; [[Siege of Serdica (809)|Siege of Serdica]]: [[Krum]], ruler (''[[Khan (title)|khan]]'') of the [[First Bulgarian Empire|Bulgarian Empire]], captures the fortress of Serdica (modern [[Sofia]]), after a long [[siege]].<ref>Theophanes Confessor. ''Chronographia'', p. 485</ref> According to [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] sources, he massacres the [[garrison]] (supposedly 6,000 men), sacks the city, and razes the [[Defensive wall|city walls]], before returning with much [[Looting|loot]] to [[Bulgaria]].{{sfn|Fine|1991|p=95}} In the following years (and centuries), Serdica will serve as a base for the expansion of the [[Bulgars]] to the south of the [[Balkans]].

==== Europe ====
* A [[Byzantine navy|Byzantine fleet]] lands in the [[Venetian Lagoon]], and attacks a [[Francia|Frankish]] flotilla at [[Comacchio]], but is defeated. Doge [[Obelerio degli Antenori]] marries a Frankish bride, [[Carola, wife of Obelerio degli Antenori|Carola]]; she becomes the first [[Doge (title)|dogaressa]] of [[Republic of Venice|Venice]].
* [[Aznar Galíndez I]] succeeds [[Aureolus of Aragon|Aureolus]], as count of [[Aragon]] (modern [[Spain]]). He is installed by King [[Louis the Pious]] (a son of emperor [[Charlemagne]]), and remains a Frankish [[vassal]].
* A rebellion in [[Al-Garb Al-Andalus|Gharb al-Andalus]] (modern [[Portugal]]) is crushed by the [[Emirate of Córdoba]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Serrão |first1=Joel |last2=de Oliveira Marques|first2=A. H.|title=Hova Historia de Portugal. Portugal das Invasões Germânicas à Reconquista|year=1993|publisher=Editorial Presença|location=Lisbon|page=125|chapter=O Portugal Islâmico |language=Portuguese}}</ref>

==== Abbasid Caliphate ====
[[File:Hārūn al-Rashīd.png|200px|thumb|right|Caliph [[Harun al-Rashid]] of the [[Abbasid dynasty|Abbasid]] dynasty]]
* [[March 24]] &ndash; Caliph [[Harun ar-Rashid|Harun al-Rashid]] dies at [[Tus, Iran|Tus]], on an expedition to put down an uprising in [[Razavi Khorasan Province|Khorasan]] (modern [[Iran]]). He is succeeded by his son [[Al-Amin|Muhammad ibn Harun al-Amin]].

==== Asia ====
* Emperor [[Emperor Heizei|Heizei]] becomes ill, and abdicates the [[throne]] in favor of his brother [[Emperor Saga|Saga]], who is installed as the 52nd [[emperor of Japan]].<ref name="kunaichō2">[[#Kunaichō|Emperor Saga, Saganoyamanoe Imperial Mausoleum]], Imperial Household Agency</ref>
* Emperor [[Govinda III]] defeats his rival [[Nagabhata II]], and obtains the submission of the [[Pala Empire]] ([[India]]).<ref>The Cambridge Shorter History of India, p. 143</ref><ref>Dynastic History of Magadha by George E. Somers, p. 179</ref>

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* [[Council of Aachen (809)]]: Frankish [[bishop]]s adopt the ''[[filioque]]'' addition in the [[Creed]].  [[Pope Leo III]] intervenes, and refuses to recognize it as [[wikt:validity|valid]].  
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