Editing 774 (section)

== Events ==
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=== By place ===
==== Byzantine Empire ====
* [[Battle of Berzitia]]: The [[First Bulgarian Empire|Bulgarian]] ruler (''[[khagan]]'') [[Telerig of Bulgaria|Telerig]] sends a small raiding army (12,000 men) to strike into the southwest of [[Macedonia (region)|Macedonia]], and capture [[Berziti]]a. Emperor [[Constantine V]] is informed about this raid by his [[Espionage|spies]] in [[Pliska]], and assembles an enormous force (80,000 men). He surprises the [[Bulgarians]], who did not expect to find a Byzantine army there, and defeats them decisively. The Bulgars suffer heavy losses.
* Telerig sends a message to Constantine V, stating that he is going to flee in [[exile]] to [[Constantinople]]. In exchange, he asks the emperor to reveal the spies to his associates in Pliska for their own safety. Constantine sends the Bulgarian government a list of the spies; however, Telerig executes them all, and eliminates the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] spy network within his government.<ref>{{The Early Medieval Balkans|page= 77}}</ref>

==== Europe ====
* King [[Charlemagne]] conquers the [[Lombard Kingdom]], and establishes [[Francia|Frankish]] rule in [[Province of Pavia|Pavia]], [[Veneto|Venetia]], [[Istria]], [[Emilia-Romagna|Emilia]], [[Tuscany]], and [[Corsica]]. Charlemagne visits [[Rome]]; he confirms the [[Donation of Pepin]] (see [[756]]) while insisting on his own [[sovereignty]]. [[Pope Adrian I]] grants him the title of ''[[Patrician (ancient Rome)#Late Roman and Byzantine period|patrician]]''. Charlemagne puts down immediate insurrections in [[Duchy of Friuli|Friuli]]. 
* June &ndash; King [[Desiderius]] surrenders the independence of the [[Lombards]] to the [[Franks]], and is exiled to [[Corbie Abbey]] ([[Picardy]]). Charlemagne annexes northern [[Italy]] as a sub-kingdom, and takes the title of ''[[List of kings of the Lombards#Carolingian Dynasty|Rex Langobardorum]]''. Some Lombards flee south to [[Duchy of Benevento|Benevento]], which remains independent; Duke [[Arechis II of Benevento|Arechis II]] retitles himself [[List of Dukes and Princes of Benevento#Princes of Benevento|"Prince of Benevento"]]. 
* [[Saxon Wars#First phase|Saxon Wars]]: Saxon raiders ravage much of northern [[Hesse]] (modern [[Germany]]), and burn the abbey at [[Fritzlar]], putting the [[abbot]] and [[monk]]s to the sword. Charlemagne hurriedly returns to [[Austrasia]], assembles local troops, and recaptures [[Eresburg]], before the approach of [[winter]] halts further operations.<ref>David Nicolle (2014). The Conquest of Saxony AD 782–785, p. 14. {{ISBN|978-1-78200-825-5}}</ref> 
* King [[Aurelius of Asturias|Aurelius]] dies after a 6-year reign, and is succeeded by his cousin-in-law [[Silo of Asturias|Silo]], as ruler of [[Kingdom of Asturias|Asturias]] (Northern [[Spain]]).

==== Britain ====
* Unrest in the [[Northumbria]]n Church appears to lead to the expulsion of King [[Alhred of Northumbria|Alhred]], who is driven from his capital [[York]]. He sails from [[Bamburgh]] into exile amongst the [[Picts]], where he is received by King [[Ciniod I]]. He is replaced by [[Æthelred I of Northumbria|Æthelred I]], the 11-year-old son of the late king [[Æthelwald Moll of Northumbria|Æthelwald Moll]].
* King [[Offa of Mercia]] subdues the [[Anglo-Saxons|Anglo-Saxon]] kingdoms of [[Kingdom of Kent|Kent]] and [[Wessex]] (approximate date).

=== By topic ===
==== Astronomy ====
* A 1.2% growth of [[carbon-14|{{chem|14|C}}]] concentration recorded in [[Dendrochronology#Growth rings|tree rings]], along with corresponding spikes of [[Chlorine-36|{{chem|36|Cl}}]] and [[Beryllium-10|{{chem|10|Be}}]] recorded in [[ice core]]s, suggests that a [[774–775 carbon-14 spike|very strong solar storm]] may have hit Earth in either 774 or 775.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Mekhaldi|first1=Florian|last2=Muscheler|first2=Raimund|last3=Adolphi|first3=Florian|last4=Aldahan|first4=Ala|last5=Beer|first5=Jürg|last6=McConnell|first6=Joseph R.|last7=Possnert|first7=Göran|last8=Sigl|first8=Michael|last9=Svensson|first9=Anders|last10=Synal|first10=Hans-Arno|last11=Welten|first11=Kees C.|date=2015-10-26|title=Multiradionuclide evidence for the solar origin of the cosmic-ray events of AD 774/5 and 993/4|journal=Nature Communications|language=en|volume=6|issue=1|pages=8611|doi=10.1038/ncomms9611|pmid=26497389|pmc=4639793|issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}</ref>
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