Editing 500s BC (decade) (section)

==Events and trends==
* [[509 BC]]—Overthrow of the [[Roman monarchy]], and start of the [[Roman Republic|Republican]] period. First pair of [[Roman consul|consuls]] elected. [[Tarquinian conspiracy]] formed, but discovered and the conspirators executed. Forces of [[Veii]] and [[Tarquinii]], led by the deposed king [[Lucius Tarquinius Superbus]] defeated in the [[Battle of Silva Arsia]] by the Roman army. Consul [[Publius Valerius Publicola]] celebrates the first republican [[Roman triumph|triumph]] on [[1 March]].
* [[September 13]], 509 BC—The [[Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus]] on [[Rome]]'s [[Capitoline Hill]] is dedicated on the [[ides (calendar)|ides]] of September.
* [[508 BC]]—[[Roman–Etruscan Wars#War with Clusium in 508 BC|War between Rome and Clusium]]
* 508 BC—[[War between Clusium and Aricia]]
* 508 BC—Office of ''[[Pontifex Maximus]]'' created in [[Rome]].
* 508 BC—[[Cleisthenes]] reorganizes [[Athens]]. He creates the [[deme]], a local unit to serve as the basis of his political system. Citizenship is tightly linked to the deme, for each deme keeps the roll of those within its jurisdiction, who are admitted to citizenship. He groups all the demes into ten tribes, which thus form the link between the demes and the central government. The central government includes an assembly of all citizens and a new council of five hundred members. This is a very early form of [[democracy]].
* 508 BC—Isomachos of [[Crotone|Kroton]] wins the [[stadion race]] at the 68th [[Ancient Olympic Games|Olympic Games]].<ref name="attalus.org">[[Eusebius of Caesarea]], ''Chronicle'' [http://www.attalus.org/translate/eusebius2.html].</ref>
* [[506 BC]]—[[Battle of Boju]]: during the [[Spring and Autumn period]] of [[History of China#Ancient China|Ancient China]], the forces of the [[Wu (state)|State of Wu]] under commander and strategist [[Sun Tzu]] defeat the forces of [[Chu (state)|Chu]], destroying the Chu capital of [[Ying (Chu)|Ying]] and forcing [[King Zhao of Chu]] to flee.
* [[505 BC]]–[[504 BC]]—[[Roman-Sabine wars#War with the early republic 505-4 BC|War]] between [[Ancient Rome|Rome]] and the [[Sabines]].
* 504 BC—Isomachos wins the stadion race for a second time at the 69th Olympic Games.<ref name="attalus.org"/>
* [[503 BC]]-[[502 BC]]—The Latin towns of [[Suessa Pometia|Pometia]] and [[Cora (Ancient Latin town)|Cora]], with the assistance of the [[Aurunci]], [[Battle of Pometia|unsuccessfully]] [[Roman-Latin wars#The Pometian revolt|revolt]] against [[Republican Rome|Rome]].
* [[December 4]], 502 BC—[[Solar eclipse]] darkens [[Egypt]] (computed by modern astronomers; no clear historical record of observation exists)
* [[502 BC]]—[[Naxos]] rebels against [[Achaemenid Empire|Persia]]n domination, sparking the [[Ionian Revolt]].
* [[501 BC]]—[[Naxos]] is attacked by the [[Achaemenid Empire|Persian Empire]].
* 501 BC—In response to [[Roman-Sabine wars#Bloodless war.2C 501 BC|threats]] by the [[Sabines]], [[ancient Rome|Rome]] creates the office of [[Roman dictator|dictator]].
* 501 BC—[[Confucius]] is appointed governor of [[Chung-tu]].
* 501 BC—Gadir (present-day [[Cádiz]]) is captured by [[Ancient Carthage|Carthage]]. (approximate date)
* [[500 BC]]—[[Bantu languages|Bantu]]-speaking people migrate into south-west [[Uganda]] from the [[west]]. (approximate date)
* 500 BC—[[World population]] reaches 100,000,000<ref>{{Cite web |last=US Census Bureau |title=International Programs, World Population |url=https://www.census.gov/population/international/data/worldpop/table_history.php |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20170928104211/https://www.census.gov/population/international/data/worldpop/table_history.php |archive-date=2017-09-28 |access-date=2025-03-26 |website=www.census.gov |language=EN-US}}</ref>—the population is 85,000,000 in the [[Eastern Hemisphere]] and 15,000,000 in the [[Western Hemisphere]], primarily [[Mesoamerica]] ([[Mexico]], [[Central America]], [[Colombia]], [[Peru]], [[Venezuela]]).
* c. 500 BC—[[Vulca]] completes [[Apollo of Veii]], from [[Portonaccio]] Temple. It is now kept at [[National Etruscan Museum|Museo Nazionale di Villa Giulia]], [[Rome]].
* c. 500 BC—[[Yayoi period]] starts in [[Ancient Japan]].
* c. 500 BC—Oldest known [[Zapotec writing|Zapotec]] writing.
* 500 BC—The Zapotecs establish [[Monte Albán]], the sacred city, and continue building pyramids. Founded toward the end of the Middle Formative period at around 500 BC, by the Terminal Formative (ca.100 BC-AD 200) Monte Albán had become the capital of a large-scale expansionist polity that dominated much of the Oaxacan highlands and interacted with other Mesoamerican regional states such as Teotihuacan to the north (Paddock 1983; Marcus 1983).
* The [[Gutaii]] tribe emerges around this time, in Middle and [[Southern Africa]].