Editing 455 BC (section)

== Events ==
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=== By place ===
==== Greece ====
* [[Athens]], under Athenian general [[Tolmides]], sends 100 ships around the [[Peloponnesus]] and they set fire to the [[Sparta]]n naval base at [[Gythion]]. As a result, Athens gains the agreement of the [[Achaea (ancient region)|Achaean]] cities to join the [[Delian League]]. Athenian forces then go on to attack the Spartan allies on the [[Corinthian Gulf]]. Athens is now able to confine Sparta to the southern Peloponnesus.
* The Athenians suffer a severe defeat in [[Egypt]] at the hands of the [[Achaemenid Empire|Persians]]. After being cut off in the [[Nile Delta]], the Athenian fleet is defeated, and the Athenian army retreats across the [[Sinai Desert]] to [[Byblos]] before its remnants are rescued. The Egyptian rebel [[Inaros II|Inaros]] is crucified by the Persians. The Athenians decide against any further military activity in Egypt.

====China====
* [[Spring and Autumn period]]: The [[Battle of Jinyang]] begins with the armies of Zhi, [[Wei (state)|Wei]] and [[Han (Warring States)|Han]] laying siege to Jinyang.

=== By topic ===
==== Literature ====
* [[Euripides]] presents his earliest known [[tragedy]], ''[[Peliades]]'', in the [[Athens|Athenian]] [[festival]] of [[Dionysia]].
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