Editing 440 (section)

== Events ==
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=== By place ===

==== Europe ====
* [[Flavius Aetius]], Roman general (''[[magister militum]]''), returns as ''[[Roman triumph|triumphator]]'' back to [[Rome]], after several years' fighting the [[Burgundians]] and [[Visigoths]] in [[Gaul]]. He is honoured by a [[statue]] erected by the [[Roman Senate|Senate]], and by order of Emperor [[Valentinian III]].{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}
* The [[Huns]] under [[Attila]] reappear in force, along the frontier of the [[Western Roman Empire]]. They attack [[merchant]]s on the north bank of the [[Danube]] and cities in [[Illyricum (Roman province)|Illyricum]], including (according to [[Priscus]]) [[Viminacium]], city of [[Moesia]].{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

==== Africa ====
* A [[Vandals|Vandal]] fleet and their allies ([[Alans]], [[Goths]] and [[Moors]]) set out from [[Carthage]] for [[Sicily]], the principal supplier of [[Olive oil|oil]] and [[Cereal|grain]] to [[Italy]] after the loss of [[Africa (Roman province)|North Africa]]. They loot all the coastal towns and besiege [[Palermo]]. Heavily laden ships return to the court of King [[Genseric]].

==== Asia ====
* [[Northern and Southern dynasties]]: [[History of China#Imperial China|Northern China]] is unified by the [[Northern Wei|Northern Wei dynasty]]. The South is still under the control of the Song (or [[Liu Song dynasty|Liu Song]]) dynasty.
* A [[Ancient higher-learning institutions|center of Buddhist studies]] is established at [[Nalanda]] in [[Bihar]] on the plains of the [[Ganges|Ganges River]] ([[India]]).

==== Persia ====
* The [[Hephthalites]] (White Huns) move south from the [[Altai Mountains]] region into [[Transoxiana]], [[Bactria]], [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasan]] and eastern [[Sassanid Empire|Persia]].

=== By topic ===

==== Art ====
* ''[[The Parting of Lot and Abraham]]'', mosaic in the nave arcade, [[Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore|Church of Santa Maria Maggiore]] (Rome), is made.

==== Ancient Games ====
* [[Chaturanga]], Indian war game and an ancestor of [[chess]] through the Persian game of [[Shatranj]] (or ''Chatrang''), evolves in the [[Indus River|Indus Valley]] on the Indian subcontinent (approximate date).

==== Religion ====
* [[August 18]] &ndash; [[Pope Sixtus III]] dies after an 8-year reign in which he has resisted [[heresy]] and sponsored major construction programs in Rome. He is succeeded by [[Pope Leo I|Leo I]] as the 45th [[pope]].
* [[September 29]] &ndash; Leo I begins to formulate [[Orthodoxy]] and condemns [[Eutychianism]], an extreme form of [[monophysitism]] which holds that the human nature of [[Jesus|Christ]] is absorbed by His divine nature.
* Winter &ndash; Leo I sends a letter to Valentinian III stating, "by the [[Holy Spirit (Christianity)|Holy Spirit's]] inspiration the emperor needs no human instruction and is incapable of [[Doctrine|doctrinal]] error".
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