Editing 411 BC (section)

== Events ==
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=== By place ===
==== Greece ====
* [[June 9]] &ndash; The [[democracy]] of [[Athens]] is overthrown by the [[Oligarchy|oligarchic]] extremists, [[Antiphon (orator)|Antiphon]], [[Theramenes]], [[Peisander (oligarch)|Peisander]] and [[Phrynichus (oligarch)|Phrynichus]] in an effort by the oligarchists to exert more control over the conduct of [[Peloponnesian War|the war]] with [[Sparta]] and its allies. A "[[The Four Hundred (oligarchy)|Council of Four Hundred]]" is set up.<ref>{{cite web|title=Thomas R. Martin, An Overview of Classical Greek History from Mycenae to Alexander|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0009%3Achapter%3D12%3Asection%3D1%3Asubsection%3D17|publisher=Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University}}</ref> The total defeat of the [[Sicilian Expedition|Athenian expedition]] to [[Sicily]] and the consequent revolts of many of the subject-allies has weakened Athenian finances severely; the acknowledged purpose of the revolutionary movement is to revise the constitution to better run Athens' finances. However, its rule is high-handed and the Council of Four Hundred is only able to maintain itself for four months.
* When a mutiny breaks out amongst the troops who are fortifying [[Piraeus]] (the harbour for Athens), the Council sends [[Theramenes]] to quell it. Instead, he puts himself at the head of the mutineers. After Phrynichus, the leader of the extremists, is assassinated, an ensuing meeting of the Athenian Assembly deposes the Council and restores the traditional constitution, but restricts some of the privileges of citizenship to a body called ''the Five Thousand''. The Assembly resumes its old form in being a committee of all citizens.
* The Athenian navy under [[Thrasybulus]] recalls [[Alcibiades]] from [[Sardis]]. Alcibiades' election is confirmed by the Athenians at the request of Theramenes. A Spartan fleet in the [[Hellespont]] at [[Battle of Cynossema|Cynossema]] is then defeated by an Athenian fleet commanded by Thrasybulus and Alcibiades.
* Antiphon defends himself in a speech [[Thucydides]] describes as the greatest ever made by a man on trial for his life. Nevertheless, Antiphon is unable to persuade his accusers and he is executed for [[treason]].

=== By topic ===
==== Literature ====
* [[Euripides]]' play ''[[Iphigenia in Tauris]]'' is performed.
* [[Aristophanes]]' plays ''[[Lysistrata]]'' and ''[[Thesmophoriazusae|Women Celebrating the Thesmophoria]]'' are performed.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Aristophanes | access-date=February 24, 2024 | title=Aristophanes | series=Encyclopædia Britannica | date=January 19, 2024 | first1=Maurice | last1=Platnauer | first2=Oliver | last2=Taplin}}</ref>
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