Editing 409 BC (section)

== Events ==
=== By place ===

==== Greece ====
* [[Alcibiades]] recaptures [[Byzantium]], ending the city's rebellion from [[Athens]]. This action completes Athenian control of the [[Bosporus]] which secures the Athenian supply route for grain from the [[Bosporan Kingdom]] in the [[Black Sea]] region.
* The Athenian general, [[Thrasyllus]], sails out from Athens with a sizable force to campaign in [[Ionia]]. There, he quickly captures [[Colophon (city)|Colophon]] and raids the Ionian countryside, but is defeated outside [[Ephesus]] by a combined Ephesian, [[Achaemenid Empire|Persian]], and [[Syracuse, Sicily|Syracusan]] force.
* [[Pausanias of Sparta|Pausanias]] succeeds his father [[Pleistoanax]] as [[Agiad]] king of [[Sparta]].
* The city of [[Rhodes, Greece|Rhodes]] is founded.

==== Sicily ====
* Taking advantage of the quarrels between the Greek cities in [[Sicily]] and of the mutual exhaustion of [[Athens]] and [[Syracuse, Sicily|Syracuse]], [[Ancient Carthage|Carthage]] seeks to reimpose its influence over the island. [[Hannibal Mago]], grandson of [[Hamilcar]], invades Sicily with a strong force. He defeats the Sicilian Greeks and avenges his grandfather through the torture and killing of 3,000 Greek prisoners. In the [[Battle of Selinus]] and [[Battle of Himera (409 BC)|Battle of Himera]] he captures and destroys both cities before returning triumphantly to Carthage with the spoils of war.

=== By topic ===

==== Literature ====
* [[Sophocles]]' play ''[[Philoctetes (Sophocles)|Philoctetes]]'' is performed, with the theme of the [[Trojan War]].
</onlyinclude>