Editing 405 BC (section)

== Events ==
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=== By place ===

==== Greece ====
* After their victory in the [[Battle of Arginusae]] over the [[Sparta]]ns, the [[Athens|Athenian]] fleet follows the [[Apportionment (politics)|reappointed]] Spartan admiral, [[Lysander]], to the [[Hellespont]]. The Athenian fleet under Admiral [[Conon]] is destroyed by the Spartans under Lysander in the [[Battle of Aegospotami]] in the [[Sea of Marmara]] and Conon flees to [[Cyprus]].
* The Spartan king [[Pausanias of Sparta|Pausanias]] lays siege to Athens while Lysander's fleet blockades [[Piraeus]]. This action closes the grain route through the Hellespont, thereby starving Athens.
* While the [[Peloponnesia]]ns besiege Athens, [[Theramenes]] tries to negotiate with Lysander. He is away for three months while Athens is being reduced to starvation. Then he heads the embassy that negotiates the terms of [[Capitulation (surrender)|capitulation]] to the Spartans.

==== Sicily ====
* [[Dionysius the Elder]] rises to power as the tyrant of [[Syracuse, Sicily|Syracuse]]. He makes peace with the [[Carthage|Carthaginian]] general, [[Himilco (general)|Himilco]] (whose army has been weakened by the plague), and fortifies Syracuse. This treaty leaves Carthage in control of most of Sicily.
* Dionysius the Elder ruthlessly consolidates and expands his power. He builds a wall around Syracuse and fortifies Epipolae. The [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] citizens of [[Naxos (Sicily)|Naxos]], [[Catana]], and [[Leontini]] are removed from their cities; many of them are enslaved and their homes are given to Sicilian and [[Italy|Italian]] [[mercenaries]]. Dionysius prepares his army to fight against Carthage, which now occupies western and southern Sicily.

=== By topic ===

==== Drama ====
* January &ndash; [[Aristophanes]]' play [[The Frogs]] is performed.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Aristophanes | access-date=February 24, 2024 | title=Aristophanes | series=Encyclopædia Britannica | date=January 19, 2024 | first1=Maurice | last1=Platnauer | first2=Oliver | last2=Taplin}}</ref>
* March/April &ndash; [[Euripides]]' ''[[The Bacchae]]'' and ''[[Iphigeneia at Aulis]]'' are performed posthumously as part of a [[tetralogy]] at the [[Dionysia|City Dionysia festival]] and win first prize.

==== Art ====
* The ''[[Erechtheum]]'', which includes ''The Porch of Maidens'' ([[Caryatid]] Porch), is completed in the [[Ionic order|Ionian]] style on the [[Acropolis]] in [[Athens]] after 16 years of construction.
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