Editing 30 BC (section)

== Events ==
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=== By place ===

==== Roman Republic ====
* [[Augustus|Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus]] becomes consul for the fourth time. His partner is [[Marcus Licinius Crassus (consul 30 BC)|Marcus Licinius Crassus the Younger]].
* Spring&nbsp;&ndash; Octavian leads his army to the [[Dardanelles]], ships them across to [[Asia Minor]] and marches into [[Roman Syria|Syria]] where [[Herod the Great]] sends him vows of loyalty and thousands of his own troops in support.
* Summer&nbsp;&ndash; [[Cornelius Gallus]] lands in [[Cyrene, Libya|Cyrene]] and occupies [[Paraetonium]]. [[Mark Antony]] storms the city walls and blockades the harbour, then retreats with his army (7 [[Roman legion|legions]]) to [[Ptolemaic Egypt|Egypt]] and receives the news that [[Pelusium]] has opened its gates to Octavian without resistance.
* [[July 31]]&nbsp;&ndash; [[Battle of Alexandria (30 BC)|Battle of Alexandria]]: [[Mark Antony]] achieves a minor victory over [[Augustus|Octavian]]'s forces, but most of his army subsequently deserts, leading to his suicide. 
* [[August 1]]&nbsp;&ndash; Octavian Caesar captures [[Alexandria]]. This marks the official annexation of [[Ancient Egypt]] to the [[Roman Republic]].
* [[Cleopatra]] evacuates her court and treasury to [[Berenice Troglodytica|Berenice]] on the west coast of the [[Red Sea]], but king Malchus of [[Nabatea]] attacks from the [[desert]] and burns the Egyptian ships.
* August 10 or 12&nbsp;&ndash; With the [[death of Cleopatra]] and the execution of her son [[Caesarion]], the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]], the last of [[Ancient Egypt]], comes to an end. The first year of Octavian's reign in [[Egypt (Roman province)|Egypt]].
* The children of Cleopatra are spared by Octavian and taken back in [[Roman triumph|triumph]]; [[Octavia Minor]] raises [[Alexander Helios]], [[Cleopatra Selene II|Cleopatra Selene]] and [[Ptolemy Philadelphus (son of Cleopatra)|Ptolemy Philadelphus]] in her household in Rome.
* Octavian claims Cleopatra's treasure in the [[mausoleum]] at the [[Taposiris Magna]] (Temple of Isis); he pays the salaries of his veteran [[legionaries]] and gives them land in Italy.

==== Asia ====
* Possible date of composition of the ''[[Tirukkuṛaḷ]]'', attributed to [[Thiruvalluvar]].
* First possible date for the invention of the [[wheelbarrow]] in history; as the 5th century ''[[Book of the Later Han]]'' states that the wife of the once poor and youthful imperial censor [[Bao Xuan]] of the Chinese [[Han dynasty]] helped him push a ''lu che'' back to his village during their feeble wedding ceremony, around this year.
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