Editing 239 BC (section)

== Events ==
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=== By place ===
==== Carthage ====
* Concerned that [[Hamilcar Barca]]'s leniency in pardoning those who he has captured who have participated in the [[Mercenary War]] will encourage others to defect, [[Mathos]] and [[Spendius]] order the mutilation and execution of "about seven hundred" [[Carthage|Carthaginian]] prisoners, including Gesco. With the mercenaries jointly guilty of these atrocities, defectors dare not face Carthaginian justice under Hamilcar.
* Carthage is besieged by the mercenary armies, while the city of [[Utica, Tunisia|Utica]] revolts and attempts to secede from Carthage. Carthage appeals to [[Hiero II of Syracuse]] and to [[Roman Republic|Rome]] for aid against the mercenaries. However, the mercenary leaders reject the efforts of Roman mediators.
* [[Sardinia]] revolts against Carthage and Rome takes the opportunity to annex the island.

==== Greece ====
* [[Antigonus II Gonatas|Antigonus II]], King of [[Macedon]]ia, dies and is succeeded by his son, [[Demetrius II of Macedon|Demetrius II]].
* With [[Aetolia]] now as its ally, the [[Achaean League]] under the command of [[Aratus of Sicyon]] repeatedly attacks [[Athens]] and [[Argos, Peloponnese|Argos]].

==== Seleucid Empire ====
* [[Seleucus II Callinicus|Seleucus II's]] brother [[Antiochus Hierax]], who is governor of Seleucid [[Anatolia]], sends an army into [[Syria]] ostensibly to assist Seleucus but actually to seize the rest of the empire. After achieving peace with [[Ancient Egypt|Egypt]], Seleucus II promptly invades Anatolia and begins the "War of the Brothers".

==== Persia ====
* [[Diodotus of Bactria]] defeats an army of [[Parthia]]ns. He dies shortly thereafter and is succeeded by his son [[Diodotus II]].

==== China ====
* Cheng Jiao, the half-brother of [[Ying Zheng]], the king of [[Qin (state)|Qin]], is sent to attack the [[State of Zhao]], but he attempts to usurp power and is defeated and executed.
* Qin Prime Minister [[Lü Buwei]] publishes the "Spring and Autumn Annals of Lü Buwei" (''[[Lüshi Chunqiu]]'').<ref>{{cite book|first=Sima|last= Qian|title=Records of the Grand Historian, Section: The First Emperor, Section: Lu Buwei}}</ref>
* Rough date: The [[State of Zhao|Zhao]] general Pang Nuan captures the [[State of Qi|Qi]] city of Rao'an and the [[State of Yan|Yan]] cities of Li and Yangcheng.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Zhou/personspangnuan.html#:~:text=Pang%20Nuan%20%E9%BE%90%E7%85%96(some,disciple%20of%20Master%20Guiguzi%20%E9%AC%BC%E8%B0%B7%E5%AD%90.|title=Pang Nuan}}</ref>

==== Korea ====
* [[Haemosu]], who is a descendant of the people of the empire of Gojoseon, establishes the ancient kingdom of [[Bukbuyeo]] in modern-day [[Jilin]], northeast China.
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