Editing 1st century BC (section)

==Events==

===90s BC===
{{main|90s BC}}
[[File:Sulla Glyptothek Munich 309.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Sulla]]'s march on Rome in [[88 BC]] was an early step in the [[Crisis of the Roman Republic]].]]
* [[97 BC]]: [[Ariarathes VIII]] is forced out of [[Cappadocia]] by [[Mithridates VI of Pontus]], and dies soon afterwards.
* [[96 BC]]: [[Cyrenaica|Cyrene]] is left to the people of [[Roman Republic|Rome]] by its ruler [[Ptolemy Apion]].<ref name=UNRV>{{cite web|url=https://www.unrv.com/empire/roman-timeline-1st-century.php |access-date=12 March 2018 |title=Roman Timeline 1st Century BC |website=UNRV}}</ref>
* [[96 BC]]: King [[Alexander Jannaeus]] of [[Hasmonean dynasty|Judea]] wins the Siege of Gaza.
* [[95 BC]]: [[Tigranes the Great]] becomes king of [[Armenia]]
* [[93 BC]]: [[Ariobarzanes I of Cappadocia|Ariobarzanes I Philoromaios]] becomes king of [[Cappadocia]] with Roman backing.
* [[91 BC]]: The assassination of [[Marcus Livius Drusus (reformer)|Marcus Livius Drusus]] leads to the [[Social War (91–87 BC)]] in [[Roman Italy|Italy]]
* [[91 BC]]: [[Liu Ju#Forced into rebellion|Crown Prince Ju Revolt]] in [[Han dynasty|China]].

===80s BC===
{{main|80s BC}}
[[File:Mithridates VI Louvre.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Mithridates VI of Pontus]]]]
[[File:MauesBuddhaCoin.JPG|thumb|upright|Coin of [[Maues]]]]
[[File:Roman_bust_of_a_Dacian_tarabostes,_Hermitage,_St_Petersburg,_Russia_-_20070614.jpg|thumb|alt=Burebista|Dacian king [[Burebista]]]]
* [[89 BC]]: [[Mithridates VI of Pontus]]'s invasion of [[Kingdom of Cappadocia|Cappadocia]] leads to the [[First Mithridatic War]] with the [[Roman Republic]].
* [[89 BC]]: [[Valagamba]] of [[Anuradhapura]] gains control of all of [[Sri Lanka]]
* [[88 BC]]: 80,000 Roman civilians killed in the [[Asiatic Vespers]] in [[Asia Minor]] 
* [[87 BC]]: [[Emperor Wu of Han]] dies and is succeeded by his eight-year-old son [[Emperor Zhao of Han|Zhao]], with [[Jin Midi]], [[Shangguang Jie]] and [[Huo Guang]] as regents.
* [[88 BC]]: [[Lucius Cornelius Sulla|Sulla]] becomes the first Roman general in history to march on Rome<ref name=UNRV/>
* [[87 BC]]: [[Bellum Octavianum|Civil war]] between the Roman consuls [[Lucius Cornelius Cinna|Cornelius Cinna]] and [[Gnaeus Octavius (consul 87 BC)|Octavius]]
* [[86 BC]]: [[Siege of Athens and Piraeus (87–86 BC)|Siege of Athens]] ends with Roman conquest of [[Athens]].<ref name=UNRV/>
* [[86 BC]]: the death of the regent of [[Han dynasty|China]] [[Jin Midi]] unleashes the rivalry of his co-regents [[Shangguang Jie]] and [[Huo Guang]].
* [[85 BC]]: Sulla defeats the forces of [[Mithridates VI Eupator|Mithridates VI]] in Greece at the [[Battle of Orchomenus]]
* [[85 BC]]: [[Aretas III]] of the [[Nabataeans]] conquers [[Damascus]].
* [[83 BC]]: Sulla makes peace with Mithridates VI and [[Sulla's civil war|marches on Rome]].
* [[83 BC|83]]-[[81 BC]]: [[Lucius Licinius Murena (triumphator)|Lucius Licinius Murena]] wages the [[Second Mithridatic War]].<ref name=UNRV/>
* [[82 BC]]: [[Quintus Sertorius|Sertorius]] flees from Sulla to North Africa via [[Hispania]]
* [[82 BC]]: The [[Dacia|Dacian]] king [[Burebista]] comes to power and unites the Dacian tribes
* c.[[83 BC]]: [[Tigranes the Great|Tigranes]] of [[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Armenia]] takes control of [[Syria]] after the implosion of the [[Seleucid dynasty]].
* [[81 BC]]: [[Sulla]] is appointed [[Roman dictator|dictator]] of the Roman state, and brings about [[Constitutional reforms of Sulla|major reforms]].<ref name=UNRV/>
* [[80 BC]]: [[Quintus Sertorius|Sertorius]] invades [[Hispania]] and sets up his own regime, beginning the [[Sertorian War]] (80-72).<ref name=UNRV/>
* [[80 BC]]: conflict between the regents [[Shangguang Jie]] and [[Huo Guang]] results in the destruction of the [[Shangguang]] clan and [[Huo Guang]] becoming the ''de facto'' ruler of [[Han dynasty|China]].
* c.[[80 BC]]: [[Maues]], King of the [[Sakas]], conquers [[Gandhara]] and [[Taxila]].

===70s BC===
{{main|70s BC}}
[[File:Huo guang.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Huo Guang]]]]
[[File:Tigran Mets.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Tigranes the Great]]]]
* [[77 BC]]: [[Fu Jiezi]] assassinated the king of [[Loulan Kingdom|Loulan]] on behalf of the [[Han dynasty]].
* c.[[75 BC]]: [[Kanva dynasty]] replaces the [[Shunga dynasty]] in [[Magadha (Mahajanapada)|Magadha]].
* [[74 BC]]: [[Mithridates VI of Pontus]] disputes [[Nicomedes IV of Bithynia]]'s bequest of his kingdom to the [[Roman Republic]], beginning the [[Third Mithridatic War]].
* [[74 BC]]: [[Emperor Zhao of Han]] dies and is succeeded by the unsuitable [[Prince He of Changyi]] and then by [[Emperor Xuan of Han|Xuan]]. [[Huo Guang]] continues to be ''de facto'' ruler of [[Han dynasty|China]].
* [[73 BC]]: a slave rebellion led by the escaped gladiator [[Spartacus]] leads to the [[Third Servile War]].<ref name=UNRV/>
* [[73 BC|73]]-[[72 BC]]: [[Lucius Licinius Lucullus (consul 74 BC)|Lucullus]] defeats Mithridates at [[Battle of Tenedos|Tenedos]], [[Siege of Cyzicus|Cyzicus]], and the [[Battle of the Rhyndacus (72 BC)|Rhyndacus]] and he flees east to [[Artaxiad dynasty|Armenia]]
* [[71 BC]]: [[Pompey the Great]] ends the [[Sertorian War]] (restoring Roman control of [[Hispania]]) and the [[Third Servile War]] (restoring Roman control of southern Italy).<ref name=UNRV/>
* [[71 BC]]: [[Wusun]] and [[Han dynasty|China]] attack the [[Xiongnu]].

===60s BC===
{{main|60s BC}}
* [[69 BC]]: [[Lucullus]] invades [[Artaxiad dynasty|Armenia]] ([[Battle of Tigranocerta]]) and reestablishes the [[Seleucids]] in Syria.
* [[68 BC]]: [[Pompey]] replaces [[Lucullus]] as leader of the Roman forces in the [[Third Mithridatic War]].
* [[68 BC]]: [[Huo Guang]] dies and [[Emperor Xuan of Han]] assumes full power. The Huo clan is eliminated over the following two years.
* [[67 BC]]: [[Pompey]] is given a three-year [[Lex Gabinia|extraordinary command]] against the pirates plaguing the [[Mediterranean]] and defeats them in forty days.
* [[66 BC]]: [[Pompey]] drives [[Mithridates VI]] out of Asia Minor ([[Battle of the Lycus]]).<ref name=UNRV/>
* [[66 BC]]: [[Aristobulus II]] seizes power from [[John Hyrcanus II]] in [[Hasmonean dynasty|Judea]].
* [[63 BC]]: [[Mithridates VI]] commits suicide, ending the [[Third Mithridatic War]].<ref name=UNRV/>
* [[63 BC]]: [[Cicero]] denounces and defeats the [[Second Catilinarian Conspiracy|Catilinarian conspiracy]].
* [[63 BC]]: [[Pompey]] captures [[Jerusalem]], and establishes Roman annexation of [[Judea]] as a client kingdom. He also permanently abolishes [[Seleucid Empire|Seleucid Syria]]. [[Aristobulus II]] of [[Hasmonean dynasty|Judea]] removed from power & [[John Hyrcanus II]] restored as Roman vassal.
* [[62 BC]]: [[Nabataean kingdom]] becomes a Roman vassal.
* [[61 BC]]: [[Orgetorix]] and the Helvetii's attempt to migrate into southwestern France leads Julius Caesar to take military action, beginning the [[Gallic Wars]]
* [[60 BC]]: [[Julius Caesar]], [[Pompey]], and [[Marcus Licinius Crassus|Crassus]] form the [[First Triumvirate]]
* c. [[60 BC]]: the [[Sakas]] conquer [[Mathura]].

===50s BC===
{{main|50s BC}}

[[File:World in 50 BCE.PNG|thumb|400px|Map of the world in 50 BC]]

* [[58 BC]]: [[Battle of Bibracte]] - [[Julius Caesar]] conquers the [[Helvetii]]
* [[58 BC]]: [[Germanic peoples|Germans]] invade [[Gaul]] and are defeated by [[Julius Caesar]] at [[Battle of Vosges (58 BC)]].<ref name=UNRV/>
* [[58 BC]]: [[Publius Clodius Pulcher|Clodius]] becomes the leading figure in Roman urban politics. [[Cicero]] goes into exile.<ref name=UNRV/> 
* [[58 BC]]: [[Huhanye]] rebels against his distant cousin [[Woyanqudi]] [[Chanyu]] of the [[Xiongyu]], beginning the Xiongnu civil war.
* [[57 BC]]: [[Julius Caesar]] invades and defeats the [[Belgae]] at the [[Battle of the Sabis]].<ref name=UNRV/>
* [[57 BC]]: [[Cicero]] recalled from exile through the machinations of [[Titus Annius Milo|Milo]] and his mob.<ref name=UNRV/>
* [[57 BC]]: [[Silla]] is founded in southeastern Korea (traditional date according to ''[[Samguk Sagi]]'', a 12th-century historical document).
* [[56 BC]]: [[Vikramaditya]] defeats the [[Sakas]] at [[Ujjain]] and founds the [[Vikram Samvat]] calendar era.
* [[55 BC|55]]-[[54 BC]]: [[Caesar's invasions of Britain]].<ref name=UNRV/>
* [[54 BC|54]]-[[53 BC]]: [[Ambiorix's revolt]] against [[Julius Caesar]] in [[Gaul]].
* [[53 BC]]: the [[Parthia]]ns defeat the [[Roman Republic|Romans]] under [[Marcus Licinius Crassus|Crassus]] in the [[Battle of Carrhae]], ending the [[First Triumvirate]].<ref name=UNRV/>
* [[53 BC]]: [[Publius Clodius Pulcher|Clodius]] dies during mob violence in [[Rome]]. His followers burn down the [[Curia Hostilia|Senate house]].
* [[53 BC]]: [[Huhanye]] [[Chanyu]] of the [[Xiongnu]] become a [[Han dynasty|Chinese]] vassal.
* [[52 BC]]: [[Pompey]] joins the [[Optimates]] and becomes sole [[Roman consul|Consul]] in Rome.
* [[52 BC]]: [[Vercingetorix]]'s revolt in [[Gaul]] ([[Battle of Gergovia]], [[Battle of Alesia]]).<ref name=UNRV/>
*[[51 BC]]: [[Siege of Uxellodunum]] marks the end of the [[Gallic Wars]] and the final Roman conquest of [[Gaul]].
* Mid 1st century BC – East [[torana]] of the Great Stupa at [[Sanchi]], is made. Early Andhra period. According to an inscription, it is sculpted by ivory carvers from the nearby town of [[Vidisha]].
[[File:Map_of_Europe,_North_Africa_and_Middle_East_in_the_year_50_BC_(Map_from_HistoAtlas).jpg|thumb|alt=50 BC|Map of [[Europe]], [[North Africa]] and [[Middle East]] around 50-40 BC]]

===40s BC===
{{main|40s BC}}
[[File:Denderah3 Cleopatra Cesarion.jpg|thumb|upright|Cleopatra VII and her son [[Caesarion]] at the [[Dendera Temple complex|Temple of Dendera]]]]
[[File:Brogi, Carlo (1850-1925) - n. 16585 - Roma - Museo Capitolino - Marco Giunio Bruto, busto in marmo..jpg|thumb|upright|[[Marcus Junius Brutus]]]]
* [[49 BC]]: [[Julius Caesar]] crosses the [[Rubicon]] river and takes the city of Rome, beginning [[Caesar's Civil War]].<ref name=UNRV/> 
* [[48 BC]]: [[Ptolemy XIII]] deposes his co-regent [[Cleopatra VII|Cleopatra]], beginning the Ptolemaic civil war in [[Ptolemaic Egypt|Egypt]]
* [[48 BC]]: [[Emperor Xuan of Han]] dies and is succeeded by his son [[Emperor Yuan of Han|Yuan]]. [[Empress Wang Zhengjun|Wang Zhengjun]] is made Empress, as a result of which her clan would eventually topple the [[Han dynasty]].
* [[48 BC]]: [[Julius Caesar]] decisively defeats [[Pompey]] at the [[Battle of Pharsalus]].<ref name=UNRV/>
* [[47 BC]]: [[Cleopatra VII|Cleopatra]] restored to the [[Ptolemaic Egypt|Ptolemaic]] throne after the [[Battle of the Nile (47 BC)]]
* [[47 BC]]: year of six kings in [[Anuradhapura]] in [[Sri Lanka]] 
* [[46 BC]]: [[Julius Caesar]] takes control of [[Africa (Roman province)|Africa]] at the [[Battle of Thapsus]].
* [[46 BC]]: [[Han dynasty|China]] abandons control of [[Hainan]] as a cost-cutting measure.
* [[45 BC]]: [[Julius Caesar]] wins the [[Battle of Munda]], regaining control of [[Hispania]] and ending the [[Caesar's Civil War|Roman Civil War]].<ref name=UNRV/>
* [[44 BC]]: Julius Caesar named ''[[Dictator perpetuo]]''
* [[44 BC]]: Julius Caesar re-founds [[Carthage]] and [[Ancient Corinth|Corinth]] as Roman colonies.
* [[44 BC]]: [[Assassination of Julius Caesar]] on the [[Ides of March]].<ref name=UNRV/>
* [[44 BC]]: Burebista death, [[Dacian empire]] collapses into four then five smaller kingdoms. 
* [[43 BC]]: [[Octavian]], [[Mark Antony]], and [[Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (triumvir)|Lepidus]] form the [[Second Triumvirate]] and take control of [[Rome]].
* [[42 BC]]: Second Triumvirate defeats Julius Caesar's assassins at the [[Battle of Philippi]]
* [[41 BC|41]]-[[40 BC]]: [[Lucius Antonius (brother of Mark Antony)|Lucius Antonius]] and [[Octavian]] fight the [[Perusine War]] 
* [[40 BC]]: [[Pacorus I of Parthia|Pacorus I]] conquers [[Roman Syria]].<ref name=UNRV/>

===30s BC===
{{main|30s BC}}
[[File:Augustus Bevilacqua Glyptothek Munich 317.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Caesar Augustus]]]]
* [[38 BC]]: [[Publius Ventidius Bassus|Ventidius]] defeats the [[Parthian Empire|Parthians]] at the [[Battle of Mount Gindarus]], reclaiming [[Roman Syria]].<ref name=UNRV/>
* [[37 BC]]: [[Herod the Great]] becomes king of [[Herodian kingdom|Judea]].
* [[37 BC]]: [[Mark Antony]] invades [[Parthia]].
* [[37 BC]]: [[Goguryeo]] is founded in southern [[Manchuria]] (traditional date according to ''Samguk Sagi'').
* [[36 BC]]: [[Battle of Naulochus]]: [[Second Triumvirate]] gains control of [[Sicily]] from the rebel [[Sextus Pompey]].<ref name=UNRV/>
* [[36 BC]]: [[Battle of Zhizhi]]: [[Gan Yanshou]] and [[Chen Tang (general)|Chen Tang]] launch an unauthorised expedition which prevents the [[Xiongnu]] from extending their power into [[Central Asia]].
* [[34 BC]]: [[Cleopatra VII|Cleopatra]] and [[Mark Antony]] perform the [[Donations of Alexandria]].
* [[33 BC]]: [[Emperor Yuan of Han]] dies and is succeeded by his son [[Emperor Cheng of Han|Cheng]]. [[Empress Wang Zhengjun]] becomes [[Empress Dowager]] and her brother is placed in command of the armed forces and administration.
* [[32 BC]]: disagreements between [[Octavian]] and [[Mark Antony]] cause the outbreak of the [[Final War of the Roman Republic]].
* [[31 BC]]: [[Battle of Actium]]: [[Augustus|Octavian]] defeats troops under [[Mark Antony]] and [[Cleopatra VII of Egypt|Cleopatra]], becoming ''de facto'' ruler of the Roman empire.<ref name=UNRV/>
* [[30 BC]]: [[Octavian]] annexes [[Roman Egypt|Egypt]].<ref name=UNRV/>
* c.[[30 BC]]: [[Satavahana dynasty]] replaces the [[Kanva dynasty]] in [[Magadha (Mahajanapada)|Magadha]].

===20s BC===
{{main|20s BC}}
[[File:Livia Drusilla Louvre Ma1233.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Livia Drusilla]]]]
* [[27 BC]]: the Roman Senate votes Octavian the title of [[Augustus]]. Augustus eventually assumes all authority formerly held by the Roman senate becoming the first emperor. This is traditionally taken as the end of the [[Roman Republic]] and the beginning of the [[Principate]] (27 BC-AD 235).<ref name=UNRV/>
* [[25 BC]]: [[Galatia]] annexed by [[Rome]] after the death of [[Amyntas of Galatia]].<ref name=UNRV/>
* Second half of 1st century BC – [[Chaitya]] hall at [[Karli, India]], [[Maharashtra]], is made. Early Andhra period.

===10s BC===
{{main|10s BC}}
* [[19 BC]]: conclusion of major fighting in the [[Cantabrian Wars]] marks the end of the [[Roman conquest of Hispania]]
* [[18 BC]]: [[Baekje]] is founded in mid-western [[Korea]] (traditional date according to ''Samguk Sagi'').
* [[16 BC|16]]-[[13 BC]]: [[Augustus]] establishes the [[Rhine]] ''[[Limes (Roman Empire)|limes]]''.
* [[Maison Carrée]] and [[Pont du Gard]] built.

===0s BC===
{{main|0s BC}}
* [[9 BC]]: [[Pannonia]] annexed to the Roman empire by the future emperor [[Tiberius]]
* [[8 BC]]: [[Wang Mang]] becomes head of the [[Han dynasty|Chinese]] armed forces and administration.
* [[7 BC]]: [[Emperor Cheng of Han]] dies and is succeeded by his nephew [[Emperor Ai of Han|Ai]]. [[Empress Wang Zhengjun|Empress Dowager Wang Zhengjun]] becomes [[Grand Empress Dowager]] and the Emperor's grandmother [[Consort Fu (Yuan)|Consort Fu]] becomes [[Empress Dowager]]. [[Wang Mang]] resigns as head of the armed forces and administration. The reign is dominated by the destabilising intrigues of the Wang and Fu clans.
* c. [[6 BC]] – [[4 BC]]: birth of [[Jesus|Jesus of Nazareth]] (see [[Chronology of Jesus|Chronology of Jesus' birth and death]], [[Anno Domini]], and [[Common Era]] for further details).
* [[4 BC]]: [[Judea]] annexed to the Roman province of [[Syria (Roman province)|Syria]] after the death of [[Herod the Great|King Herod]].
* [[2 BC]]: [[Emperor Ai of Han]] appoints his unpopular homosexual lover [[Dong Xian]] as head of armed forces and administration.
* [[1 BC]]: [[Emperor Ai of Han]] dies and is succeeded by his eight year old cousin [[Emperor Ping of Han|Ping]]. [[Wang Mang]] is appointed regent and begins wide-ranging reforms.