Editing 19th century in film (section)

==Events==
* 1826 – [[Nicéphore Niépce]] takes the oldest known extant photograph, ''[[View from the Window at Le Gras]]''.
* 1833 – [[Joseph Plateau]] (Belgium) introduces a scientific demonstration device that creates an [[optical illusion]] of movement by mounting drawings on the face of a slotted, spinning disk, later published as the Fantascope (and now better known as the [[Phenakistoscope]]). [[Simon von Stampfer]] ([[Vienna]]) publishes the very similar [[stroboscope|stroboscopic discs]] a few months later.
* 1866 – The [[Zoetrope]] is introduced. The device was a hollow drum with a strip of pictures around its inner surface. When the drum was spun and the pictures viewed through slots on the side of the drum, the pictures appeared to move.
* 1870s – French inventor [[Charles-Émile Reynaud]] improved on the [[Zoetrope]] idea by placing mirrors at the center of the drum. He called his invention the [[Praxinoscope]]. Reynaud developed other versions of the Praxinoscope too, including a Praxinoscope Theatre, where the device was enclosed in a viewing box, and the Projecting Praxinoscope. Eventually he created the "[[Théâtre Optique]]", a large machine based on the Praxinoscope, but able to project longer animated strips.
* 1874 – ''[[Passage de Vénus]]'' is recorded as a series of still pictures on a disc with [[Jules Janssen]]'s [[photographic revolver]].
* 1878 – Railroad tycoon [[Leland Stanford]] hires British photographer [[Eadweard Muybridge]] to settle arguments about the strides of horses that were difficult to discern with the naked eye. Muybridge [[The Horse in Motion|successfully photographed]] successive  positions of horses in fast motion, using a battery of 12 cameras controlled by trip wires and an electrical shutter system. Stanford's experiments were partly inspired by French scientist's [[Étienne-Jules Marey]] studies with equipment that graphically recorded data to analyze animal and human movement. 
* 1880 – [[Eadweard Muybridge]] holds a public demonstration of his [[Zoopraxiscope]], a [[magic lantern]] provided with a rotating disc with artist's renderings of Muybridge's chronophotographic sequences. It was used as a demonstration device by Muybridge in his illustrated lecture (the original preserved in the Museum of [[Kingston upon Thames]] in England).
* 1882 – American inventor [[George Eastman]] begins experimenting with new types of [[photographic film]], with his employee, [[William Walker (assistant)|William Walker]].
* 1882 – French physiologist [[Étienne-Jules Marey]] develops his own version of Janssen's camera: a [[chronophotographic gun]] that could photograph twelve successive images per second.
* 1885 – American inventors [[George Eastman]] and [[Hannibal Goodwin]] each invent a sensitized [[celluloid]] [[film base|base]] roll [[photographic film]] to replace the glass plates then in use.
* 1887 – German chronophotographer [[Ottomar Anschutz]] very successfully presents his photographs in motion with his [[Electrotachyscope]] that uses transparent pictures in a wheel.
* 1887 – [[Hannibal Goodwin]] files for a patent for his [[photographic film]].
* 1888 – [[George Eastman]] files for a patent for his [[photographic film]].
* 1888 – [[Thomas Edison]] meets with [[Eadweard Muybridge]] to discuss adding sound to moving pictures. Edison begins his own experiments.
* 1888 – [[Louis Le Prince|Louis Aimé Augustin Le Prince]] creates the first motion picture films created on paper rolls of film.
* 1889 – [[George Eastman]]'s [[celluloid]] [[film base|base]] roll [[photographic film]] becomes commercially available.
* June 1889 or  November 1890 – [[William K. L. Dickson]], working for [[Thomas Edison]], creates the first known motion picture films shot in the United States, the [[Monkeyshines, No. 1|Monkeyshines]] films.
* 1891 – Designed around the work of Anschutz, Muybridge, Marey, and Eastman, [[Thomas Edison]]'s employee [[William K. L. Dickson]] finishes work on a motion-picture camera, called the [[Kinetograph]], and a viewing machine, called the [[Kinetoscope]].
* May 20, 1891 – [[Thomas Edison]] holds the first public presentation of his [[Kinetoscope]] for the [[National Federation of Women's Clubs]].
* August 24, 1891 – [[Thomas Edison]] files for a patent of the [[Kinetoscope]].
* 1892 – [[Charles-Émile Reynaud]] begins public screenings in [[Paris]] at the [[Théâtre Optique]], with hundreds of drawings on a reel that he wound through his Praxinoscope projector to construct moving image stories that continued for about 15 minutes each.
* March 14, 1893 – [[Thomas Edison]] is granted Patent #493,426 for "An Apparatus for Exhibiting Photographs of Moving Objects" (the [[Kinetoscope]]).
* 1893 – [[Thomas Edison]] builds a motion-picture studio, dubbed the "[[Edison's Black Maria|Black Maria]]" by his staff.
* May 9, 1893 – In America, [[Thomas Edison]] holds the first public exhibition of films shot using his [[Kinetograph]] at the [[Edison's Black Maria|Brooklyn Institute]]. Only one person at a time could use his viewing machine, the [[Kinetoscope]].
* January 7, 1894 – Dickson and [[William Heise]] film "[[Fred Ott's Sneeze]]" with the [[Kinetoscope]] at "[[Edison's Black Maria]]".
* April 14, 1894 – The first commercial presentation of the [[Kinetoscope]] takes place at the Holland Brothers' Kinetoscope Parlor at 1155 Broadway, New York City.
* 1894 – [[Kinetoscope]] viewing parlors begin to open in major cities. Each parlor contains several machines.
* November 1895 – In Germany, [[Emil Skladanowsky|Emil]] and [[Max Skladanowsky]] start publicly screening their films with their Bioskop.
* 1895 – In France, [[Gaumont Film Company|Gaumont]], the world's oldest extant film studio, is founded as a producer of photographic equipment (the company would start production of films in 1897).
* December 1895 – In France, [[Auguste Lumière|Auguste]] and [[Louis Lumière]] hold their first commercial screenings of films shot with their [[Cinématographe]], a lightweight, hand-held motion picture camera.
* January 1896 – In Britain, [[Birt Acres]] and [[Robert W. Paul]] develop their own film projector, the [[Theatrograph]] (later known as the [[Animatograph]]).
* January 1896 – In the United States, a projector called the [[Vitascope]] is designed by [[Charles Francis Jenkins]] and [[Thomas Armat]]. Armat began working with [[Thomas Edison]] to manufacture the Vitascope, which projected motion pictures.
* January 26, 1896 – Brothers [[Auguste and Louis Lumière]] release ''[[L'Arrivée d'un train en gare de La Ciotat]]'' in France.
* April 1896 – [[Thomas Edison]] and [[Thomas Armat]]'s [[Vitascope]] is used to project motion pictures in public screenings in New York City
* September 28, 1896 – [[Pathé-Frères]] is founded in Paris.
* 1896 – French magician and filmmaker [[Georges Méliès]] begins experimenting with the new motion picture technology, developing many early special effects techniques.
* May 4, 1897 – 125 people die during a film screening at the [[Bazar de la Charité]] in Paris after a curtain catches on fire from the ether used to fuel the projector lamp.
* 1897 – [[Vitagraph Studios]] are established in New York City.
* March 22, 1899 – London inventor [[Edward Raymond Turner]] applies for a [[patent]] for his [[additive colour]] process for [[colour motion picture film]].<ref>{{cite news|title=World's first colour film footage viewed for first time|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-19557914|work=BBC News|accessdate=2020-08-11|date=2012-09-12}}</ref>
* September 1899 – The British Mutoscope and Biograph Company makes ''[[King John (1899 film)|King John]]'' (a very [[Short film|short]] [[silent film]]) in London, the first known film based on a [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]] play.
* September 1899 – [[Georges Méliès]] releases ''[[The Dreyfus Affair (film series)|The Dreyfus Affair]]'' film series in France, with the last episode featuring events of the current month.
* October 1899 – Georges Méliès releases ''[[Cinderella (1899 film)|Cendrillon]]'' in France, the first screen adaptation of the traditional fairy tale "[[Cinderella]]".