Editing 1998 Winter Olympics (section)

==Host city selection==
{{main|Bids for the 1998 Winter Olympics}}
In 1932, Japan won the rights to host the [[1940 Summer Olympics]] in [[Tokyo]]. At that time, organizers of the Summer Olympics had priority in choosing the venue for the Winter Olympics the same year.<ref group="a">{{harvsp|Hanazawa|1999a|p=30}}</ref> Several Japanese cities, including Nagano, prepared a bid. Sapporo was chosen; however, the games never took place because of [[World War II]].<ref group="a">{{harvsp|Hanazawa|1999a|p=30}}</ref> In 1961, Nagano declared its intention to host the [[1968 Winter Olympics]] but lost to Sapporo, the winning Japanese bid, who lost to [[Grenoble]], [[France]], and Sapporo eventually won the right to host the [[1972 Winter Olympics]].<ref group="a">{{harvsp|Hanazawa|1999a|p=30}}</ref>

Japanese private sector organizations, in 1983, began publicly discussing a possible bid.<ref group="a">{{harvsp|Hanazawa|1999a|p=31}}</ref> Two years later, in 1985, the Nagano Prefectural Assembly, decided to begin the process to bid, for its third time, for a Winter Olympics.<ref group="a">{{harvsp|Hanazawa|1999a|p=31}}</ref> The bid committee was established in July 1986, they submitted their bid to the [[Japanese Olympic Committee]] (JOC) in November of the same year. Other Japanese cities that were bidding were [[Asahikawa]], [[Yamagata, Yamagata|Yamagata]], and [[Morioka]].<ref group="a">{{harvsp|Hanazawa|1999a|p=31}}</ref> 1 June 1988, the JOC selected Nagano in the first round of national voting, receiving 34 of 45 votes.<ref group="a">{{harvsp|Hanazawa|1999a|p=32}}</ref> In 1989, the bid committee was reorganized, with the Japanese Prime Minister as head of the committee. The number of committee members was 511.<ref group="a">{{harvsp|Hanazawa|1999a|p=32}}</ref>

On 12 February 1990, the bid delegation presented its candidature at the International Olympic Committee in [[Lausanne]] before Juan Antonio Samaranch.<ref group="a">{{harvsp|Hanazawa|1999a|p=32}}</ref> Other candidate cities for the 1998 Olympics were [[Aosta]], [[Italy]]; [[Jaca]], [[Spain]]; [[Östersund]], [[Sweden]]; [[Salt Lake City]], [[United States of America|United States]], and [[Sochi]], [[Russian SFSR]], [[Soviet Union]] (now [[Russia]]).<ref group="a">{{harvsp|Hanazawa|1999a|p=32}}</ref> The host city selection was held in [[Birmingham]], United Kingdom, on 15 June 1991, at the 97th [[List of IOC meetings|IOC session]].<ref group="a">{{harvsp|Hanazawa|1999a|p=34}}</ref> After the first round of voting, Nagano led, with Aosta and Salt Lake City tied for last. Aosta was eliminated in a run-off against Salt Lake City. After the second round of voting, Nagano led with Salt Lake City in second, and Jaca was eliminated. Following round 3, Nagano continued to lead, with Salt Lake City in second, and Östersund was eliminated. Finally, Nagano prevailed over Salt Lake City by just 4 votes in the fifth round of voting, becoming the third Japanese city to host the games after Tokyo in [[1964 Summer Olympics]] and Sapporo in 1972.<ref group="a">{{harvsp|Hanazawa|1999a|p=35}}</ref> Nagano, at [[36th parallel north|36°N]], is the southernmost city in the [[Northern hemisphere]] to host the Winter Olympics ([[1960 Winter Olympics]] host [[Squaw Valley, Placer County, California|Squaw Valley, California]] is [[39th parallel north|39°N]]).<ref group="a">{{harvsp|Hanazawa|1999a|p=36}}</ref> In June 1995, Salt Lake was chosen as the host of the following [[2002 Winter Olympics]].

Following a [[2002 Winter Olympic bid scandal]] that occurred in the summer of 2000, [[Atlanta]], host of the [[1996 Summer Olympics]], [[Nagano (city)|Nagano]], and [[Sydney]], host of the [[2000 Summer Olympics]], were suspected of similar improprieties in bidding practices. Although nothing illegal was ever done, gifts to IOC members were considered morally dubious.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Longman |first1=Jere |title=Olympics; Leaders of Salt Lake Olympic Bid are Indicted in Bribery Scandal |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/07/21/sports/olympics-leaders-of-salt-lake-olympic-bid-are-indicted-in-bribery-scandal.html |website=The New York Times |date=21 July 2000 |access-date=28 April 2019}}</ref> The Nagano Olympic bid committee spent approximately $14 million to entertain the 62 [[International Olympic Committee]] members and many of their companions. The precise figures are unknown since Nagano, after the IOC asked that the entertainment expenditures not be made public, destroyed the financial records, according to bid member [[Junichi Yamaguchi]].<ref>{{Citation
 | last1 =Jordan
 | first1 =Mary
 | last2 =Sullivan
 | first2 =Kevin
 | title =Nagano Burned Documents Tracing '98 Olympics Bid
 | newspaper =Washington Post
 | pages =A1
 | date =21 January 1999
| url =https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/digest/daily/jan99/nagano21.htm
 | access-date =28 April 2021
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429032856/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/digest/daily/jan99/nagano21.htm
 | archive-date=29 April 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news
 | last =Macintyre
 | first =Donald
 | title =Japan's Sullied Bid
 | newspaper =Time Magazine
 | date =1 February 1999
| url =http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2053970,00.html
 | access-date =20 August 2016 }}</ref>

{|class="wikitable"
|+ 1998 Winter Olympics bidding results<ref name=votes>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamesbids.com/english/archives/past.shtml |title=Past Olympic host city election results |publisher=[[GamesBids]] |access-date=17 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110124022022/http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/past.html |archive-date=24 January 2011 |url-status=live  }}</ref>
|-
! rowspan=2 | City
! rowspan=2 | Country
! colspan=5 style="background:silver;"| Round
|-
! style="background:silver;"| 1
! style="background:silver;"| Run-Off
! style="background:silver;"| 2
! style="background:silver;"| 3
! style="background:silver;"| 4
|-
|[[Nagano, Nagano|Nagano]] || {{flag|Japan|1870}} || style="text-align:center;"|'''21''' || style="text-align:center;"|— || style="text-align:center;"|'''30''' || style="text-align:center;"|'''36''' || style="text-align:center;"|'''46'''
|-
|[[Salt Lake City]] || {{flag|United States}} || style="text-align:center;"|15 || style="text-align:center;"|'''59''' || style="text-align:center;"|27 || style="text-align:center;"|29 || style="text-align:center;"|42
|-
|[[Östersund]] || {{flag|Sweden}} || style="text-align:center;"|18 || style="text-align:center;"|— || style="text-align:center;"|25 || style="text-align:center;"|23 || style="text-align:center;"|—
|-
|[[Jaca]] || {{flag|Spain}} || style="text-align:center;"|19 || style="text-align:center;"|— || style="text-align:center;"|5 || style="text-align:center;"|— || style="text-align:center;"|—
|-
|[[Aosta]] || {{flag|Italy}} || style="text-align:center;"|15 || style="text-align:center;"|29 || style="text-align:center;"|— || style="text-align:center;"|— || style="text-align:center;"|—
|}