Editing 1969 (section)

==Events==
===January===
{{Main|January 1969}}
[[File:Aircraft burning on USS Enterprise (CVN-65).jpg|thumb|230px|right|January 14: Explosion kills 27 on USS ''Enterprise'']]
* [[January 4]] – The Government of [[Spain]] hands over [[Ifni]] to [[Morocco]].
* [[January 5]] – [[Ariana Afghan Airlines Flight 701]] crashes into a house on its approach to London's [[Gatwick Airport]], killing 50 of the 62 people on board and two of the home's occupants.<ref>{{cite report |last=Kelly |first=G.M. |title=Civil Aircraft Accident Report No. EW/C/303: Report on the Accident to Boeing 727-112C YA-FAR 1.5 miles east of London (Gatwick) Airport on 5th January 1969 |url=http://www.gatwickaviationsociety.org.uk/YA-FAR.asp |publisher=[[Office of Public Sector Information|Her Majesty's Stationery Office]] |date=June 1970 |access-date=26 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120907045653/http://www.gatwickaviationsociety.org.uk/YA-FAR.asp |archive-date=7 September 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[January 14]] – [[USS Enterprise fire|An explosion]] aboard the aircraft carrier [[USS Enterprise (CVN-65)|USS ''Enterprise'']] near [[Hawaii]] kills 28 and injures 314.
* [[January 16]] – First successful docking of two crewed spacecraft in orbit and the first transfer of crew from one space vehicle to another (by a [[space walk]]) between Soviet craft [[Soyuz 5]] and [[Soyuz 4]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Russians Master Space Docking |newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |date=1969-01-17 |page=2}}</ref>
* [[January 18]] – Failure of [[Soyuz 5]]'s service module to separate correctly causes a near-fatal re-entry (not publicly acknowledged until 1997) but the module makes a hard landing in the [[Ural Mountains]].<ref>{{cite journal |first=James |last=Oberg |authorlink=James Oberg |journal=Flight Journal |date=June 2002 |volume=7 |issue=3 |title=Soyuz 5's Flaming Return |pages=56–60 |url=https://www.jamesoberg.com/062002flightjournalsoyuz5.html |accessdate=2024-11-24}}</ref>
* [[January 19]] – End of the siege of the [[University of Tokyo]], marking the beginning of the end for the [[1968–69 Japanese university protests]].
* [[January 22]] – [[Attempted assassination of Leonid Brezhnev]], the Soviet leader, by deserter Viktor Ilyin. One person is killed, several are injured; [[Leonid Brezhnev|Brezhnev]] escapes unharmed. Very little is publicly admitted about the incident by the Soviet authorities at this time.
* [[January 27]]
** Fourteen men, 9 of them [[Jews]], [[1969 Baghdad hangings|are executed]] in [[Baghdad]] for spying for [[Israel]].
** Reverend [[Ian Paisley]], Northern Irish Unionist leader and founder of the [[Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster]] is jailed for three months for illegal assembly.
* [[January 28]] – [[1969 Santa Barbara oil spill]]: A [[Blowout (well drilling)|blowout]] on [[Union Oil]]'s Platform A spills 80,000 to 100,000 barrels of crude oil into a channel and onto the beaches of [[Santa Barbara County]] in [[Southern California]]; on February 5 the [[oil spill]] closes [[Santa Barbara, California|Santa Barbara]]'s harbor. The incident inspires [[Wisconsin]] [[United States Senate|Senator]] [[Gaylord Nelson]] to organize the first [[Earth Day]] in [[1970]].

===February===
{{Main|February 1969}}
* [[February 4]] – In [[Cairo]], [[Yasser Arafat]] is elected [[Palestine Liberation Organization]] leader at the [[Palestinian National Congress]].
* [[February 8]]
** The [[Allende meteorite]] explodes over Mexico.
** After 147 years, the last weekly issue of ''[[The Saturday Evening Post]]'' is published in the United States. (The magazine is later briefly resurrected as a monthly magazine.)
* [[February 9]] – The [[Boeing 747]] "jumbo jet" is flown for the first time, taking off from the Boeing airfield at [[Everett, Washington]].
* [[February 13]] – [[Front de libération du Québec]] (FLQ) terrorists [[Montreal Stock Exchange bombing|bomb]] the [[Montreal Exchange|Montreal Stock Exchange]].
* [[February 14]] – [[Pope Paul VI]] issues ''[[Mysterii Paschalis]]'', a ''[[motu proprio]]'', deleting many names from the [[Roman calendar of saints]] (including [[Valentine's Day|Valentine]], who was celebrated on this day).
* [[February 17]] – [[Aquanaut]] [[Berry L. Cannon]] dies of [[carbon dioxide poisoning]] while attempting to repair the [[SEALAB#SEALAB III|SEALAB III]] habitat off [[San Clemente Island, California]].
* [[February 24]] – The [[Mariner 6]] Mars probe is launched from the United States.
* [[February 28]] – The [[1969 Portugal earthquake]] hits [[Portugal]], [[Spain]] and [[Morocco]].

===March===
{{Main|March 1969}}
* [[March 2]]
** In [[Toulouse]], France the first [[Concorde]] test flight is conducted.
** [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] and Chinese forces clash at a border outpost on the [[Ussuri River]].
* [[March 3]]
** [[Apollo program]]: [[NASA]] launches [[Apollo 9]] ([[James McDivitt]], [[Rusty Schweickart]], [[David Scott]]) to test the [[lunar module]].
** In a [[Los Angeles]] court, [[Sirhan Sirhan]] admits that he killed presidential candidate [[Robert F. Kennedy]].
* [[March 13]] – [[Apollo program]]: [[Apollo 9]] returns safely to Earth after testing the [[Apollo Lunar Module|Lunar Module]].
* [[March 16]] – [[Viasa Flight 742]] crashes into a neighborhood in [[Maracaibo]], [[Venezuela]], shortly after taking off for [[Miami]]; all 84 people on board the DC-9 jet are killed along with 71 people on the ground.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=gL9scSG3K_gC&dat=19690317&printsec=frontpage&hl=en "150 Killed in Air Disaster]— 47 Americans Die In Miami-Bound Jet From Venezuela", ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette'', March 17, 1969, p1</ref>
* [[March 17]]
** [[Golda Meir]] becomes the first female prime minister of [[Israel]].
** The [[Longhope, Orkney|Longhope]] [[Lifeboat (rescue)|life-boat]] is lost after answering a mayday call during severe storms in the [[Pentland Firth]] between [[Orkney]] and the northern tip of Scotland; the entire crew of 8 die.<ref>[http://news.stv.tv/scotland/82797-orkney-remembers-longhope-disaster/ "Orkney remembers Longhope disaster", STV News, 17 March 2009] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002804/http://news.stv.tv/scotland/82797-orkney-remembers-longhope-disaster/ |date=March 4, 2016 }}. Accessed June 27, 2013</ref>
* [[March 18]] – An [[Solar eclipse of March 18, 1969|annular solar eclipse]] is visible in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, and is the 49th solar eclipse of [[Solar Saros 129]].
* [[March 20]]
** One hundred of the 105 passengers and crew on a [[1969 Aswan Ilyushin Il-18 crash|United Arab Airlines flight]], most of them Muslim pilgrims returning to Aswan from Mecca, are killed when the Ilyushin-18 turboprop crashes during a sandstorm.
** [[John Lennon]] and [[Yoko Ono]] are married at [[Gibraltar]], and proceed to their honeymoon "[[Bed-in]]" for peace in [[Amsterdam]].
* [[March 22]]
** UCLA wins its third consecutive [[1969 NCAA University Division basketball tournament|NCAA basketball championship]] by defeating Purdue University, 92 to 72.
** The landmark art exhibition ''When Attitudes become Form'', curated by [[Harald Szeemann]], opens at the [[Kunsthalle Bern]] in Bern, Switzerland.
* [[March 28]] – [[Pope Paul VI]] increases the number of Roman Catholic cardinals by one-third, from 101 to 134.
* [[March 29]] – The [[Eurovision Song Contest 1969]] is held in Madrid, and results in four co-winners, with 18 votes each, from Spain, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and France.
* [[March 30]] – The body of former United States General and President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] is brought by caisson to the [[United States Capitol]] to lie in state in the Capitol Rotunda; Eisenhower had died two days earlier, after a long illness, in the [[Walter Reed Army Medical Center]], Washington, D.C.
* [[March 31]] – The [[Barroterán coal mine disaster]] kills 153 coal miners in [[Mexico]].

===April===
{{Main|April 1969}}
* [[April 3]] – The [[Mass of Paul VI]] is [[Promulgation (Catholic canon law)|promulgated]] in the [[Catholic Church]] by the Pope.<ref>''[[Missale Romanum (apostolic constitution)|Missale Romanum]]''.</ref>
* [[April 4]] – [[Denton Cooley]] implants the first temporary [[artificial heart]].
* [[April 7]] – [[request for comments | RFC]] series begins with Network Working Group RFC 1 on [[ARPANET]] host software.
* [[April 8]] – The [[Montreal Expos]] become [[Major League Baseball]]'s first team outside the United States.
* [[April 9]] – Fermín Monasterio Pérez is murdered by the [[ETA (separatist group)|ETA]] in [[Biscay]], [[Spain]]; the 4th victim in the name of [[Basque nationalism]].
* [[April 15]] – The [[EC-121 shootdown incident]]: [[North Korea]] shoots down a US reconnaissance aircraft over the [[Sea of Japan]], killing all 31 on board.<ref>{{cite book |last=Larson |first=George A. |year=2001 |title=Cold war shoot downs: Part two |work=Air Classics |publisher=Challenge Publications Inc.}}</ref>
* [[April 17]] – [[Sirhan Bishara Sirhan]] is found guilty of the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy.
* [[April 20]] – British troops arrive in [[Northern Ireland]] to reinforce the [[Royal Ulster Constabulary]].
* [[April 22]] – English sailor [[Robin Knox-Johnston]] becomes the first person to sail around the world solo without stopping.
* [[April 28]] – [[Charles de Gaulle]] steps down as president of [[France]] after suffering defeat in a [[1969 French constitutional referendum|referendum the day before]].

===May===
{{Main|May 1969}}
* [[May 10]] – The Battle of Dong Ap Bia, also known as [[Battle of Hamburger Hill|Hamburger Hill]], begins during the [[Vietnam War]].
* [[May 13]] – [[May 13 Incident]]: [[Race riot]]s occur in [[Kuala Lumpur]], [[Malaysia]].
* [[May 14]] – Colonel [[Muammar Gaddafi]] visits Mecca, [[Saudi Arabia]].
* [[May 15]] – An [[United States|American]] teenager known as '[[Robert R.]]' dies in [[St. Louis, Missouri]], United States, of a baffling medical condition. In 1984 it will be identified as the earliest confirmed case of [[HIV/AIDS]] in [[North America]].
* [[May 16]] – [[Venera program]]: [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] space probe [[Venera 5]] lands on [[Venus]].
* [[May 17]] – Venera program: Soviet space probe [[Venera 6]] begins to descend into [[Venus]]'s atmosphere, sending back atmospheric data before being crushed by pressure.
* [[May 18]] – [[Apollo program]]: [[Apollo 10]] ([[Gene Cernan]], [[Thomas Patten Stafford|Tom Stafford]], [[John Young (astronaut)|John Young]]) is launched. It is to be a full rehearsal for the [[Moon]] landing, stopping 15 kilometers short of actually reaching the lunar surface.
* [[May 20]] – [[United States National Guard]] helicopters spray skin-stinging powder on anti-war protesters in [[California]].
* [[May 21]] – ''[[Rosariazo]]'': Civil unrest breaks out in [[Rosario]], Argentina, following the death of a 15-year-old student.
* [[May 22]] – Apollo program: [[Apollo 10]]'s lunar module flies to within 15,400 m of the [[Moon]]'s surface.
* [[May 26]]
** The [[Andean Pact]] (Andean Group) is established.
** Apollo program: [[Apollo 10]] returns to [[Earth]], after a successful 8-day test of all the components needed for the upcoming first crewed [[Moon]] landing.
* [[May 26]]–[[June 2]] – [[John Lennon]] and [[Yoko Ono]] conduct their second [[bed-in]]. The follow-up to the Amsterdam event is held at the [[Queen Elizabeth Hotel]] in [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]]. Lennon composes and records the song "[[Give Peace a Chance]]" during the event.
* [[May 29]] – ''[[Cordobazo]]'': A general strike and civil unrest break out in [[Córdoba, Argentina]].
* [[May 30]] – [[1969 Curaçao uprising|Riots]] in [[Curaçao]] mark the start of an Afro-Caribbean [[civil rights]] movement on the island.

===June===
{{Main|June 1969}}
* [[June 3]] – While operating at sea on SEATO maneuvers, the Australian aircraft carrier [[HMAS Melbourne (R21)|HMAS ''Melbourne'']] accidentally [[Melbourne–Evans collision|rams and slices]] into the American destroyer [[USS Frank E. Evans (DD-754)|USS ''Frank E. Evans'']] in the South China Sea, killing 74 American seamen.
* [[June 5]] – An [[1969 International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties|international communist conference]] begins in [[Moscow]].
* [[June 8]]
** [[Francisco Franco]] orders the closing of the [[Gibraltar–Spain border]] and communications between [[Gibraltar]] and Spain in response to the [[1967]] [[1967 Gibraltar sovereignty referendum|Gibraltar sovereignty referendum]].<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=Fr8DH2VBP9sC&dat=19690609&printsec=frontpage&hl=en "Spanish close off 'Rock'"], ''Montreal Gazette'', June 9, 1969, p1</ref> The border remains closed until a partial reopening on December 15, [[1982]].
** U.S. President [[Richard Nixon]] and [[South Vietnam]]ese President [[Nguyễn Văn Thiệu]] meet at [[Midway Atoll|Midway Island]]. Nixon announces that 25,000 U.S. troops will be withdrawn by September.
* [[June 15]] – [[Georges Pompidou]] is elected President of France.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=gL9scSG3K_gC&dat=19690616&printsec=frontpage&hl=en "Pompidou Elected French President By Large Margin"], ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette'', June 16, 1969, p1</ref>
* [[June 17]] – After a 23-game match, [[Boris Spassky]] defeats [[Tigran Petrosian]] to become the World Chess Champion in Moscow.
* [[June 24]] – The [[United Kingdom]] and [[Rhodesia]] sever diplomatic relations, after the [[1969 Rhodesian constitutional referendum|Rhodesian constitutional referendum]].
* [[June 27]] – Gay intercourse is officially legalized in Canada.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/the-1969-amendment-and-the-de-criminalization-of-homosexuality |title=The 1969 Amendment and the (De)criminalization of Homosexuality &#124; the Canadian Encyclopedia}}</ref>
* [[June 28]] – The [[Stonewall riots]], a milestone in the modern [[gay rights movement]] in the United States, began in [[New York City]].

===July===
{{Main|July 1969}}
[[File:Apollo 11 Launch - GPN-2000-000630.jpg|thumb|right|July 16: The Saturn V rocket is launched]]
[[File:AS11-40-5868 (21037483754).jpg|thumb|July 20: Buzz Aldrin descends a ladder to become the second human to step onto the surface of the Moon during the Apollo 11 program]]
* [[July 7]] – French is made equal to English throughout the Canadian national government.
* [[July 8]] – [[Vietnam War]]: The first U.S. troop withdrawals are made.
* [[July 14]]
** [[Football War]]: After [[Honduras]] loses an association football match against [[El Salvador]], rioting breaks out in Honduras against Salvadoran migrant workers. Of the 300,000 Salvadoran workers in Honduras, tens of thousands are expelled, prompting a brief Salvadoran invasion of Honduras. The [[Organization of American States|OAS]] works out a cease-fire on [[July 18]], which takes effect on [[July 20]].
** The [[Act of Free Choice]] for [[Western New Guinea|West Irian]] commences in [[Merauke]], [[Indonesia]].
* [[July 16]] – [[Apollo program]]: [[Apollo 11]] ([[Buzz Aldrin]], [[Neil Armstrong]], [[Michael Collins (astronaut)|Michael Collins]]) lifts off from [[Cape Kennedy]] in Florida towards the first crewed landing on the [[Moon]].
* [[July 19]]
** [[Chappaquiddick incident]]: US Senator [[Ted Kennedy|Edward M. Kennedy]] drives off a bridge into a tidal pond after leaving a party on [[Chappaquiddick Island]], [[Massachusetts]], killing [[Mary Jo Kopechne]]. Kennedy does not report the accident for nine or ten hours.
** [[John Fairfax (rower)|John Fairfax]] lands in [[Hollywood Beach, Florida]], United States and becomes the first person to row across an ocean solo, after 180 days spent at sea on board the 25' ocean rowboat ''Britannia'' (left [[Gran Canaria]] on January 20, 1969).
* [[July 20]]
** [[Apollo program]] [[Moon landing]]: At 3:17 pm ET (20:17&nbsp;UTC) [[Apollo 11]]'s [[Lunar Module Eagle|Lunar Module ''Eagle'']] lands on the Moon's surface. At 10:56 pm ET (02:56&nbsp;UTC July 21), an estimated 650&nbsp;million people worldwide, the largest television audience for a live broadcast at this time, watch in awe as [[Neil Armstrong]] takes his first historic steps on the surface.<ref>{{cite web |title=Manned Space Chronology: Apollo_11 |url=http://www.spaceline.org/flightchron/apollo11.html |publisher=spaceline.org |access-date=2008-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214213826/http://www.spaceline.org/flightchron/apollo11.html |archive-date=February 14, 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref>
** [[1969 Tour de France]]: Belgian [[Eddy Merckx]] wins the cycle race for the first time.
* [[July 22]] – Spanish dictator and head of state [[Francisco Franco]] appoints Prince [[Juan Carlos]] to be his successor as head of state following his death.
* [[July 24]]
** [[Apollo program]]: [[Apollo 11]] returns from the first successful Moon landing and the astronauts are placed in biological isolation for several days in case they may have brought back lunar germs. The airless lunar environment is later determined to rule out microscopic life.
** The [[Soviet Union]] returns British lecturer [[Gerald Brooke]] to the United Kingdom freed from a Soviet prison in exchange for their spies Peter and Helen Kroger ([[Morris Cohen (spy)|Morris]] and [[Lona Cohen]]).
* [[July 26]] – A [[1969 Yangjiang earthquake|6.4 earthquake]] shakes the Chinese city of [[Yangjiang]] destroying thousands of homes and killing 3,000 people.
* [[July 30]] – [[Vietnam War]]: U.S. President [[Richard Nixon]] makes an unscheduled visit to [[South Vietnam]], meeting with President [[Nguyễn Văn Thiệu]] and U.S. military commanders.
* [[July 31]] – [[Pope Paul VI]] arrives in [[Entebbe]], [[Uganda]] for the first visit by a reigning [[Pope]] to [[Africa]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Pope Paul VI's Apostolic Pilgrimage to Uganda, 31 July–2 August 1969 |url=http://www.totus2us.co.uk/universal/uganda/pvi-pilgrim-visit-1969 |access-date=2016-10-29 |archive-date=October 30, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030002840/http://www.totus2us.co.uk/universal/uganda/pvi-pilgrim-visit-1969/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>

===August===
{{Main|August 1969}}
[[File:Woodstock redmond stage.JPG|thumb|230px|right|August 15–18: Woodstock Festival is held]]
* [[August 2]] – U.S. President [[Richard Nixon]] visits [[Socialist Republic of Romania|Romania]], becoming the first incumbent U.S. president to visit a [[communist state]] since the start of the [[Cold War]].<ref>"Cheers Hail Nixon In Romania", ''Pittsburgh Press'', August 2, 1969, p1</ref>
* [[August 4]] – [[Vietnam War]]: At the apartment of French intermediary Jean Sainteny in Paris, U.S. representative [[Henry Kissinger]] and North Vietnamese representative [[Xuan Thuy]] begin secret peace negotiations. They eventually fail since the two sides cannot agree to any terms.
* [[August 5]] – [[Mariner program]]: [[Mariner 7]] makes its closest fly-by of [[Mars]] ({{convert|3,524|km}}).
* [[August 9]] – On orders from [[Charles Manson]], members of the Manson Family invade the Los Angeles home of film director [[Roman Polanski]], and murder his pregnant wife, the actress [[Sharon Tate]], and four others. 
* [[August 10]] – A day after murdering Sharon Tate and four others, members of the Manson Family kill [[Leno and Rosemary LaBianca]] in Los Angeles. 
* [[August 13]] – [[Sino-Soviet border conflict|Serious border clashes]] occur between the [[Soviet Union]] and the People's Republic of China.
* [[August 14]] – [[The Troubles]]: British troops are deployed in [[Northern Ireland]] to restore order following [[1969 Northern Ireland riots|three days of political and sectarian violence]], marking the beginning of the 37-year [[Operation Banner]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/14/newsid_4075000/4075437.stm |title=1969: British troops sent into Northern Ireland |work=BBC News |access-date=2008-01-10 |date=August 14, 1969}}</ref>
* [[August 15]]–[[August 18|18]] – The [[Woodstock|Woodstock Festival]] is held near [[White Lake, Sullivan County, New York|White Lake, New York]], featuring some of the top rock musicians of the era.
* [[August 17]] – Category 5 [[Hurricane Camille]] hits the [[Mississippi]] coast of the United States, killing 248 people and causing US$1.5&nbsp;billion in damage (1969 USD).
* [[August 21]] – Australian [[Denis Michael Rohan]] sets fire to the [[Al-Aqsa Mosque]] in Jerusalem.
* [[August 29]] – A [[Trans World Airlines]] flight from Rome to Tel Aviv is [[TWA Flight 840 hijacking|hijacked]] and diverted to Syria.

===September===
{{Main|September 1969}}
* [[September 1]]
** [[1969 Libyan coup d'état]]: A bloodless coup in [[Libya]] ousts King [[Idris I of Libya|Idris]] and brings Colonel [[Muammar Gaddafi]] to power.
** For Brazil, the [[Jornal Nacional]] was created on Monday, 1 September 1969.
* [[September 2]] – [[Ho Chi Minh]], the president of [[Democratic Republic of Vietnam|North Vietnam]], dies at the age of 79.
* [[September 5]] – Lieutenant [[William Calley]] is charged with six counts of premeditated murder for the [[1968]] [[My Lai Massacre]] deaths of 109 [[Vietnam]]ese civilians in [[My Lai]], [[Vietnam]].
* [[September 9]] – [[Allegheny Airlines Flight 853]], a [[Douglas DC-9|DC-9]] airliner, collides in flight with a small [[Piper PA-28]] airplane, and crashes near [[Fairland, Indiana]], killing all 83 people in both aircraft.
* [[September 11]] – An [[Solar eclipse of September 11, 1969|annular solar eclipse]] is visible in Pacific Ocean and South America, and is the 41st solar eclipse of [[Solar Saros 134]].
* [[September 13]] – ''[[Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!]]'' premieres on [[CBS]], starting the ''[[Scooby-Doo]]'' franchise.
* [[September 22]]–[[September 25|25]] – An Islamic conference in [[Rabat]], Morocco, following the al-Aqsa Mosque fire (August 21), condemns the Israeli claim of ownership of [[Jerusalem]].
* [[September 23]] – China carries out an [[underground nuclear testing|underground nuclear bomb test]].
* [[September 25]] – The [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation|Organisation of the Islamic Conference]] is founded.
* [[September 26]] – [[The Beatles]] release their eleventh studio album, [[Abbey Road]] in the United Kingdom
* [[September 28]] – [[1969 West German federal election]]: The [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Social Democrats]], led by Vice Chancellor [[Willy Brandt]], and the [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|Free Democrats]] led by [[Walter Scheel]], formed a coalition government with Brandt as Chancellor, after the Social Democrats severed their relationship with Chancellor [[Kurt Georg Kiesinger]]'s Christian Democratic Union.

===October===
{{Main|October 1969}}
* [[October 1]]
** In [[Sweden]], [[Olof Palme]] is elected Leader of the Social Democratic Worker's Party, replacing [[Tage Erlander]] as [[Prime Minister of Sweden|Prime Minister]] on [[October 14]].
** The [[Beijing Subway]] begins operation.
* [[October 2]] – A 1.2 [[TNT equivalent|megaton]] thermonuclear device is tested at [[Amchitka Island]], [[Alaska]]. This test is code-named Project Milrow, the 11th test of the [[Operation Mandrel]] 1969–[[1970]] underground nuclear test series. This test is known as a "calibration shot" to test if the island is fit for larger underground nuclear detonations.
* [[October 5]] – ''[[Sazae-san]]'' first airs on [[Fuji Television]].
* [[October 9]]–[[October 12|12]] – [[Days of Rage]]: In [[Chicago]], the [[Illinois National Guard]] is called in to control demonstrations involving the radical [[Weatherman (organization)|Weathermen]], in connection with the "[[Chicago Eight]]" Trial.
* [[October 11]] – The [[Zodiac Killer]] shoots and kills taxi driver Paul Stine in the [[Presidio Heights]] neighborhood of [[San Francisco]]; this is the serial killer's last known murder.
* [[October 11]]–[[October 16|16]] – The [[1969 New York Mets season|New York Mets]] upset the [[1969 Baltimore Orioles season|Baltimore Orioles]] four games to one in the [[1969 World Series|World Series]].
* [[October 15]] – 
** [[DZKB-TV|DZKB-TV Channel 9]], the Philippines' sixth TV station, is launched.
** [[Vietnam War]]: Hundreds of thousands of people take part in [[Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam]] demonstrations across the [[United States]].
* [[October 17]] – Willard S. Boyle and George Smith invent the [[Charge-coupled device|CCD]] at [[Bell Laboratories]] (30 years later, this technology is widely used in digital cameras).
* [[October 20]] – Experimental research showing that [[proton]]s were composed of smaller particles, the first evidence of [[quark]]s, is published.<ref name="Bloom">
{{cite journal |author=E. D. Bloom |display-authors=etal |title=High-Energy Inelastic ''e''–''p'' Scattering at 6° and 10° |journal=[[Physical Review Letters]] |volume=23 |issue=16 |pages=930–934 |year=1969 |bibcode=1969PhRvL..23..930B |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.23.930 |doi-access=}}</ref>
* [[October 21]]
** [[Willy Brandt]] becomes Chancellor of [[West Germany]].
** General [[Siad Barre]] comes to power in [[Somalia]] in a coup, 6 days after the assassination of President [[Abdirashid Ali Shermarke]].
* [[October 25]] – [[1969 Australian federal election]]: [[John Gorton]]'s [[Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal]]/[[National Party of Australia|Country]] [[Coalition (Australia)|Coalition]] [[Gorton government|government]] is narrowly re-elected with a sharply reduced majority, defeating a resurgent [[Australian Labor Party|Labor Party]] led by [[Gough Whitlam]]. [[Prime Minister of Australia|Prime Minister]] Gorton survived a [[Liberal Party of Australia leadership spill, 1969|leadership challenge]] by his deputy [[William McMahon]] as well as [[David Fairbairn (politician)|David Fairbairn]] in the immediate aftermath of the election.
* [[October 29]] – The first electronic message is sent between two computers connected via [[ARPANET]] between [[University of California, Los Angeles]] and [[SRI International]] in California at around 10:30pm local time, the initial forerunning technology to the [[Internet]].

===November===
{{Main|November 1969}}
* [[November 3]] – [[Süleyman Demirel]] of [[Justice Party (Turkey)|AP]] forms the new government of Turkey (31st government).
* [[November 10]] –  The television series ''[[Sesame Street]]'' premiered on [[National Educational Television]], becoming the most famous preschool television series of all time.
* [[November 14]]
** [[Apollo program]]: [[NASA]] launches [[Apollo 12]] ([[Pete Conrad]], [[Richard F. Gordon, Jr.|Richard Gordon]], [[Alan Bean]]), the second crewed mission to the [[Moon]].
** The [[SS United States]], the last active [[United States Lines]] passenger ship, is withdrawn from service.
* [[November 15]] – [[Cold War]]: The [[Soviet submarine K-19]] collides with the American submarine [[USS Gato (SSN-615)|USS ''Gato'']] in the [[Barents Sea]].
* [[November 17]] – [[Cold War]]: Negotiators from the [[Soviet Union]] and the [[United States]] meet in [[Helsinki]], to begin the [[SALT I]] negotiations aimed at limiting the number of strategic weapons on both sides.
* [[November 19]]
** [[Apollo program]]: [[Apollo 12]] astronauts [[Pete Conrad|Charles Conrad]] and [[Alan Bean]] land at [[Oceanus Procellarum]] ("Ocean of Storms"), becoming the third and fourth humans to walk on the [[Moon]].
** Professional footballer [[Pelé]] scores his 1,000th goal.
** [[Vietnam War]]: A Cleveland, Ohio newspaper, ''[[The Plain Dealer]]'', publishes explicit photographs of dead villagers from the [[My Lai Massacre]] in [[Vietnam]].
** [[Richard Oakes (activist)|Richard Oakes]] returns with 90 followers to Alcatraz Island and begins a 19 month long occupation, lasting until June 1971.
* [[November 21]]
** U.S. President [[Richard Nixon]] and Japanese Premier [[Eisaku Satō]] agree in Washington, D.C. to the return of [[Okinawa Prefecture|Okinawa]] to Japanese control in 1972. Under the terms of the agreement, the U.S. retains rights to military bases on the island, but they must be nuclear-free.
** The first [[ARPANET]] link is established (the progenitor of the global [[Internet]]).
* [[November 24]] – [[Apollo program]]: The [[Apollo 12]] spacecraft splashes down safely in the [[Pacific Ocean]], ending the second crewed mission to the Moon.

===December===
{{Main|December 1969}}
* [[December 1]] – [[Vietnam War]]: The first [[Draft lottery (1969)|draft lottery]] in the United States since World War II is held. [[September 14]] is the first of the 366 days of the year selected, meaning that anyone born on September 14 in the years from 1944 to 1951 would be the first to be summoned. On January 4, 1970, ''[[The New York Times]]'' will run a long article, "Statisticians Charge Draft Lottery Was Not Random".
* [[December 2]] – The [[Boeing 747]] jumbo jet makes its first passenger flight. It carries 191 people, most of them reporters and photographers, from [[Seattle]] to [[New York City]].
* [[December 3]] – [[Air France Flight 212 (1969)|Air France Flight 212]], a [[Boeing 707]] registered as F-BHSZ, crashed shortly after takeoff from [[Venezuela]] killing all 62 occupants onboard. The cause of the accident is not yet known since the [[Bureau of Enquiry and Analysis for Civil Aviation Safety]] (BEA) did not publish an investigation report. It will not be released until 2029, sixty years after the accident.
* [[December 6]] – [[Killing of Meredith Hunter|Meredith Hunter]] is stabbed to death by [[Hells Angels]] at the [[Altamont Free Concert]], an event which came to be viewed as the end of the [[hippie]] era and the de facto conclusion of late-1960s American youth culture.
* [[December 12]] – The [[Piazza Fontana bombing]] in [[Milan]], Italy, kills 17 people and injures 88.
* [[December 24]]
** [[Charles Manson]] is allowed to defend himself at the Tate-LaBianca murder trial.
** The oil company [[Phillips Petroleum]] made the first [[oil]] discovery in the Norwegian sector of [[North Sea]].
** Nigerian troops capture [[Umuahia]]. The last [[Biafra]]n capital before its dissolution becomes [[Owerri]].
* [[December 27]] – The [[Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)|Liberal Democratic Party]] wins 47.6% of the votes in the [[1969 Japanese general election]]. Future prime ministers [[Yoshirō Mori]] and [[Tsutomu Hata]] and future kingmaker [[Ichirō Ozawa]] are elected for the first time.

===Date unknown===
* Summer – Invention of [[Unix]] under the potential name "Unics" (after [[Multics]]).<ref>[http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/hist.html Dennis M. Ritchie, "The Evolution of the Unix Time-sharing System", Lucent Technologies, 1996] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150408054606/http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/hist.html |date=April 8, 2015}}; accessed June 27, 2013.</ref>
* Common [[Africa]]n, [[Madagascar|Malagasy]] and [[Mauritius|Mauritian]] Organization (OCAMM) (Organisation Commune Africaine Malgache et Mauricienne) is established.
* [[International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage]], a maritime treaty, is adopted.