Editing 1964 (section)

==Events==
===January===
{{main|January 1964}}
* [[January 1]] – The [[Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland]] is dissolved.<ref>{{cite book|author=Malawi. Department of Civil Aviation|title=Civil Aviation and Air Transport: Development Background, Policies and Plans, 1965–1969|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ufwfAQAAIAAJ|year=1965|page=5}}</ref>
* [[January 5]] &ndash; In the first meeting between leaders of the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches since the fifteenth century, [[Pope Paul VI]] and [[Patriarch Athenagoras I of Constantinople]] meet in Jerusalem.
* [[January 6]] – A British firm, the [[Leyland Motors|Leyland Motor Corp.]], announces the sale of 450 buses to the Cuban government, challenging the United States blockade of [[Cuba]].<ref>{{cite book|author=United States. Department of State|title=Foreign Relations of the United States: Diplomatic Papers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S2lHAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA546|year=1964|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|pages=546}}</ref>
[[File:Lbj2.jpg|thumb|115px|right| [[January 8]]: U.S. President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]]'s [[War on Poverty]]]]
* [[January 9]] – ''[[Martyrs' Day (Panama)|Martyrs' Day]]'': Armed clashes between United States troops and Panamanian civilians in the [[Panama Canal Zone]] precipitate a major international crisis, resulting in the deaths of 21 Panamanians and 4 U.S. soldiers.
* [[January 11]] – [[United States Surgeon General]] [[Luther Terry]] reports that smoking may be hazardous to one's health (the first such statement from the U.S. government).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/first-surgeon-general-report-on-smokings-health-effects-marks-50-year-anniversary#:~:text=The%20U.S.%20Surgeon%20General's%20first,lung%20cancer%20and%20heart%20disease|title=Read the Surgeon General's 1964 report on smoking and health|date=January 12, 2014|author=Kayla Ruble|website=PBS|access-date=January 26, 2021}}</ref>
* [[January 22]] – [[Kenneth Kaunda]] is inaugurated as the first Prime Minister of [[Northern Rhodesia]].<ref>"Kaunda Named First Premier of N. Rhodesia", ''Chicago Tribune'', January 23, 1964, p1</ref>
* [[January 28]] – A U.S. Air Force jet training aircraft that strays into [[East Germany]] is shot down by Soviet fighters near [[Erfurt]]; all three crewmen are killed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.western-allies-berlin.com/units/military-liaison-mission/usmlm/detail/t-39-crash |title=T-39 Aircraft Incident |publisher=Western-allies-berlin.com |date=28 January 1964 |access-date=13 April 2010}}</ref>
* [[January 29]] – [[February 9]] – The [[1964 Winter Olympics]] are held in [[Innsbruck]], [[Austria]].
* [[January 29]]
** The [[Soviet Union]] launches two scientific [[satellite]]s, [[Elektron (satellite program)|Elektron]] I and II, from a single rocket.
** [[Ranger 6]] is launched by the US space agency [[NASA]], on a mission to carry television cameras and crash-land on the Moon.
* [[January 30]] – General [[Nguyễn Khánh]] leads a bloodless military coup d'état, replacing [[Dương Văn Minh]] as Prime Minister of South Vietnam.

===February===
{{main|February 1964}}
* [[February 4]] – The [[Federal government of the United States|Government of the United States]] authorizes the [[Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution]], outlawing the [[Poll tax (United States)|poll tax]].<ref>{{cite book|author=United States|title=The Constitution of the United States of America, Analysis and Interpretation, Centennial Edition, Analysis of Cases Decided by the Supreme Court of the United States to June 28, 2012|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kAAohNvVik8C&pg=PA41|year=2013|publisher=Government Printing Office|isbn=978-0-16-091735-6|pages=41}}</ref>
* [[February 5]] – India backs out of its promise to hold a [[plebiscite]] in the disputed territory of Kashmir. In 1948, India had taken the issue of Kashmir [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 47|to the United Nations Security Council]] and offered to hold a plebiscite in the held Kashmir under UN supervision.
* [[February 9]] – [[The Beatles]] [[The Beatles on The Ed Sullivan Show|perform for the first time]] for an American audience on [[The Ed Sullivan Show]] to a record television audience of 73 million people, launching [[Beatlemania]] in the United States, as part of [[The British Invasion]].
* [[February 10]] – [[Melbourne–Voyager collision|''Melbourne''–''Voyager'' collision]]: 82 Australian sailors die when a [[Royal Australian Navy]] aircraft carrier and a destroyer collide off New South Wales, Australia.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ferry|first=D S|title=HMAS Melbournen/Voyager Collision: Cause Theories and Inquiries (with aspects of the HMAS Melbourne/USS Frank E Evans collision)|url=https://navalinstitute.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/headmark-151.pdf|journal=Headmark|volume=March, 2014 Issue 151|pages= 2–17}}</ref>
* [[February 11]]
** Greeks and Turks begin fighting in [[Limassol]], [[Cyprus]].<ref>{{cite book|author=United States. Central Intelligence Agency|title=Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0htC6y1ILz4C&pg=RA6-PA27|year=1964|pages=6–7}}</ref>
** The [[Taiwan|Republic of China]] severs diplomatic relations with France because of French recognition of the People's Republic of China.
* [[February 17]] – Gabonese president [[Léon M'ba]] is toppled by [[1964 Gabon coup d'état|a military coup]] and his arch-rival, [[Jean-Hilaire Aubame]], is installed in his place. However, French intervention restores M'ba's government the next day.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Emmanuel Kwaku Akyeampong|author2=Henry Louis Gates|title=Dictionary of African Biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA290|date=2 February 2012|publisher=OUP USA|isbn=978-0-19-538207-5|pages=290}}</ref>
* [[February 25]] – [[Cassius Clay]] (later [[Muhammad Ali]]) beats [[Sonny Liston]] in [[Miami Beach, Florida]], and is [[Ali versus Liston|crowned the heavyweight champion of the world]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Bruce Madej|author2=Rob Toonkel|author3=Mike Pearson|author4=Greg Kinney|title=Michigan: Champions of the West|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fd87BHQ4VrkC&pg=PA138|year=1997|publisher=Sports Publishing LLC|isbn=978-1-57167-115-8|pages=138}}</ref>
* [[February 27]] – The Italian government asks for help to keep the [[Leaning Tower of Pisa]] from toppling over.<ref>{{cite book|title=Tempo: Indonesia's Weekly News Magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AdQTAQAAMAAJ|year=2004|publisher=Arsa Raya Perdana|page=8}}</ref>

===March===
{{main|March 1964}}
* [[March 6]]
** [[Constantine II of Greece|Constantine II]] becomes King of Greece, upon the death of his father King [[Paul of Greece|Paul]].
** American boxer [[Cassius Clay]] announces the change of his name to Muhammad Ali.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://slate.com/culture/2016/06/muhammad-ali-changed-his-name-in-1964-newspapers-called-him-cassius-clay-for-six-more-years.html|title=Muhammad Ali Changed His Name in 1964|first=Laura|last=Wagner|date=June 10, 2016|journal=Slate}}</ref>
* [[March 18]] – [[1964 Moscow protest]]: Approximately 50 Moroccan students break into the embassy of Morocco in the Soviet Union and stage an all-day [[sit-in]] protesting against sentencing of eleven people to death for the alleged assassination attempt of King [[Hassan II of Morocco]].
* [[March 20]]–[[June 6]] – The first [[United Nations Conference on Trade and Development]] takes place.
* [[March 20]] – The precursor of the [[European Space Agency]], [[ESRO]] (European Space Research Organization) is established per an agreement signed on June 14, 1962.
* [[March 21]] – ''Non ho l'età'' (music by [[Nicola Salerno]], text by [[Mario Panzeri]]), sung by [[Gigliola Cinquetti]], wins the [[Eurovision Song Contest 1964]] (staged in Copenhagen) for Italy.
* [[March 27]] ([[Good Friday]]) – The [[1964 Alaska earthquake|Great Alaskan earthquake]], the second-most powerful known (and the most powerful earthquake recorded in [[North America]]n history) at a [[moment magnitude scale|magnitude]] of 9.2, strikes [[Southcentral Alaska]], killing 125 people and inflicting massive damage to the city of [[Anchorage, Alaska|Anchorage]].<ref>{{cite web|title=M9.2 – The Great Alaska Earthquake and Tsunami of March 27, 1964|author=USGS|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/events/alaska1964/|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|access-date=August 28, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101194746/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/events/alaska1964/|archive-date=January 1, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[March 28]] – King [[Saud of Saudi Arabia]] abdicates.<ref>{{cite book|author=United States. Central Intelligence Agency|title=Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IaHM5co7s6QC&pg=RA8-PA26|year=1964|pages=8}}</ref> His brother, [[Faisal of Saudi Arabia|Prince Faisal]], does not officially assume the throne until November.
* [[March 31]] – The military overthrows [[President of Brazil|Brazilian President]] [[João Goulart]] in a [[Brazilian military coup of 1964|coup]], starting 21 years of [[Brazilian military dictatorship|dictatorship]] in Brazil, lasting until [[1985]].

===April===
{{main|April 1964}}
[[File:Gemini 1.jpg|thumb|110px|right|April 8: Gemini 1 launched]]
* [[April 8]] – The U.S. [[Gemini 1]] is launched, the first unmanned test of the 2-man spacecraft.
* [[April 9]] – The [[United Nations Security Council]] adopts by a 9–0 vote a resolution deploring a British air attack on a fort in [[Yemen]] 12 days earlier, in which 25 persons were reported killed.
* [[April 11]] – The Brazilian Congress elects Field Marshal [[Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco]] as President of [[Brazil]].
* [[April 13]] &ndash; At the [[36th Academy Awards]] ceremony, [[Sidney Poitier]] becomes the first African-American to win an [[Academy Award]] in the category [[Best Actor in a Leading Role]] in ''[[Lilies of the Field (1963 film)|Lilies of the Field]]''.<ref>{{cite book|author=Carol Bergman|title=Sidney Poitier|publisher=Melrose Square Publishing Company|year=1990|page=124}}</ref>
* [[April 16]] – In the Assize Court at Buckingham, England, sentences totalling 307 years are passed on twelve men who stole £2,600,000 in used bank notes, after holding up the night train from [[Glasgow]] to [[London]] in August 1963 – a heist that becomes known as the [[Great Train Robbery (1963)|Great Train Robbery]].<ref name="Goldman2013">{{cite book|author=Lawrence Goldman|title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2005–2008|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nbGcAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA367|date=7 March 2013|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-967154-0|pages=367–}}</ref>
* [[April 17]] – [[Jerrie Mock]] completes the first around-the-world airplane flight by a woman. Her solo flight in the ''[[Spirit of Columbus]]'', which took 29 1/2 days, took off and landed at the [[Port Columbus International Airport]] in Ohio.
* [[April 19]] – In [[Laos]], the coalition government of Prince [[Souvanna Phouma]] is deposed by a right-wing military group, led by Brig. Gen. [[Kouprasith Abhay]]. Not supported by the United States, the coup is ultimately unsuccessful, and Souvanna Phouma is reinstated, remaining as Prime Minister until [[1975]].
* [[April 20]]
** U.S. President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] in New York, and Soviet Premier [[Nikita Khrushchev]] in Moscow, simultaneously announce plans to cut back production of materials for making [[nuclear weapon]]s.
** [[Nelson Mandela]] makes his "I Am Prepared to Die" speech at the opening of the [[Rivonia Trial]], a key event for the [[Internal resistance to South African apartheid|anti-apartheid]] movement.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/apr/23/nelsonmandela|title=An ideal for which I am prepared to die|website=The Guardian|date=April 23, 2007|access-date=July 10, 2021}}</ref>
** In the UK, [[BBC Two]] television starts broadcasting for the first time.<ref>{{cite book|author=Asa Briggs|title=The History of Broadcasting in the United Kingdom: Volume V: Competition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0pRGjVGtUvwC&pg=PA412|date=23 March 1995|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-215964-9|pages=412}}</ref>
** British businessman [[Greville Wynne]], imprisoned in [[Moscow]] since 1963 for [[spying]], is exchanged for Soviet spy [[Gordon Lonsdale]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=David Wise|author2=Thomas B. Ross|title=The Espionage Establishment|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HpbeAAAAMAAJ|year=1968|publisher=Cape|isbn=978-0-224-61398-9|page=112}}</ref>
* [[April 25]] – Thieves steal the head of the ''[[The Little Mermaid (statue)|Little Mermaid]]'' statue in [[Copenhagen]], Denmark. Although the attack is attributed to [[Jørgen Nash]], the Danish media blame painter Henrik Bruun, who never confesses to the crime.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://alt.obituaries.narkive.com/2uceRUrl/joergen-nash-artist-who-beheaded-little-mermaid-statue|title=Joergen Nash; artist who beheaded Little Mermaid statue|website=alt.obituaries.narkive.com}}</ref>
* [[April 26]] – [[Tanganyika (1961–1964)|Tanganyika]] and [[Zanzibar]] merge to form [[Tanzania]].<ref>{{cite book|author=United States. Central Intelligence Agency|title=The World Factbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YXdYvDAPRjkC&pg=PA616|year=2009|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|isbn=978-0-16-084587-1|pages=616}}</ref>

===May===
{{main|May 1964}}
* [[May 1]] – At 4:00&nbsp;a.m., [[John George Kemeny]] and [[Thomas Eugene Kurtz]] run the first computer program written in [[BASIC programming language|BASIC]] (Beginners' All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code), an easy to learn high level [[programming language]] which they have created.<ref>{{cite book|author=Brigham Narins|title=Notable Scientists from 1900 to the Present|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ACQvAQAAIAAJ|year=2001|publisher=Gale Group|isbn=978-0-7876-1754-7|page=1205}}</ref> BASIC is eventually included on many [[computer]]s and even some games consoles.
* [[May 2]]
** [[Vietnam War]]: [[Attack on USNS Card|Attack on USNS ''Card'']] – An explosion caused by [[Viet Cong]] commandos causes carrier [[USS Card|USNS ''Card'']] to sink in the port of [[Saigon]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Sealift|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iolZDM3vGWUC&pg=RA21-PA21|year=1963|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|pages=21}}</ref>
** Some 400–1,000 students march through [[Times Square]], New York, and another 700 in [[San Francisco]], in the first major student demonstration against the Vietnam War. Smaller marches also occur in Boston, Seattle, and Madison, WI.
** [[Henry Hezekiah Dee]] and [[Charles Eddie Moore]], hitchhiking in [[Meadville, Mississippi]], are kidnapped, beaten and murdered by members of the [[Ku Klux Klan]]. Their badly [[Decomposition|decomposed]] bodies are found by chance in July during the search for [[Murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner|missing activists Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner]].
* [[May 7]]
** [[Pacific Air Lines Flight 773]] crashes near [[San Ramon, California]], killing all 44 aboard; the [[FBI]] later reports that a cockpit recorder tape indicates that the pilot and co-pilot had been shot by a suicidal passenger.
** At a [[Rocket mail|mail rockets]] demonstration by [[Gerhard Zucker]] on Hasselkopf Mountain near [[Braunlage]] (Lower Saxonia, Germany), three people are killed by a rocket explosion.
* [[May 9]] – South Korean President [[Park Chung Hee]] reshuffles his Cabinet, after a series of student demonstrations against his efforts to restore diplomatic and trade relations with [[Japan]].
* [[May 12]] – Twelve young men in New York City publicly [[Draft-card burning|burn their draft cards]] to protest against the Vietnam War, the first such act of war resistance.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Flynn|first1=George Q.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ArLuAAAAMAAJ|title=The Draft, 1940–1973|series=Modern War Studies|location=Lawrence|publisher=[[University Press of Kansas]]|year=1993|page=175|isbn=978-0700605866|access-date=2016-02-13}}</ref>
* [[May 23]] – Madeline Dassault, 63, wife of a French plane manufacturer and politician, is kidnapped while leaving her car in front of her Paris home; she is found unharmed the next day in a farmhouse {{convert|27|mi|km}} from Paris.<ref>{{cite book|author=Richard Deacon|title=The French Secret Service|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rJVIAAAAYAAJ|year=1990|publisher=Grafton|isbn=978-0-586-20673-7|page=203}}</ref>
* [[May 24]]–[[May 25|25]] – The crowd at a [[soccer|football]] match in [[Lima]], [[Peru]], [[1964 Lima football riot|riots]] over a referee's decision in the Peru-[[Argentina]] game; 319 are killed, 500 injured.
* [[May 27]] – The ongoing [[Colombian conflict]] starts, with an assault by 1,000 Colombian soldiers, backed by fighter planes and helicopters, against about 50 guerrillas in the community of Marquetalia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.insightcrime.org/investigations/the-farc-1964-2002-from-ragged-rebellion-to-military-machine|title=The FARC 1964-2002: From Ragged Rebellion to Military Machine|date=May 26, 2014|author=James Bargent|website=InSight Crime|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927220044/http://www.insightcrime.org/investigations/the-farc-1964-2002-from-ragged-rebellion-to-military-machine |access-date=September 13, 2024|archive-date=September 27, 2016 }}</ref>
* [[May 28]] – The Charter of the [[Palestine Liberation Organization]] (PLO) is released by the [[Arab League]].
* [[May 29]] – Having [[January 1964 South Vietnamese coup|deposed them in a January coup]], South Vietnamese leader [[Nguyen Khanh]] has rival Generals [[Tran Van Don]] and [[Le Van Kim]] convicted of "lax morality".<ref name="nyttrial">{{cite news|work=[[New York Times]] |date= 1964-05-31|page=2 |title=Khanh Releases 4 Rival Generals; Key Men in Diem's Ouster Are Freed in Vietnam}}</ref>

===June===
{{main|June 1964}}
* [[June 3]] – South Korean President [[Park Chung Hee]] declares [[martial law]] in [[Seoul]], after 10,000 student demonstrators overpower police.
* [[June 11]]
** Greece rejects direct talks with [[Turkey]] over [[Cyprus]].
** [[Cologne school massacre]]: In [[Cologne]], West Germany, [[Cologne school massacre#Perpetrator|Walter Seifert]] attacks students and teachers in an elementary school with a [[flamethrower]], killing 10 and injuring 21.
* [[June 12]] – [[Nelson Mandela]] and 7 others are sentenced to [[life imprisonment in South Africa]], and sent to the [[Maximum Security Prison, Robben Island|Robben Island prison]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Irwin Abrams|title=Peace 1991–1995|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oz1lOfTnqywC&pg=PA65|year=1999|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-02-2723-4|pages=65}}</ref>
* [[June 14]] – [[Freedom Summer]], a volunteer Civil Rights project in the [[United States]] intended to promote [[voter registration]] for as many [[African American]]s as possible in [[Mississippi]], begins with orientation sessions for the 300 volunteers at [[Western College for Women]], [[Oxford, Ohio]].<ref>Later part of Miami University. {{cite book|first=Bruce|last=Watson|title=Freedom Summer: The Savage Season of 1964 That Made Mississippi Burn and Made America a Democracy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IZ4bX0aNX9YC|year=2020|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-143-11943-2|pages=16}}</ref>
* [[June 20]] – The [[Ford GT40]] makes its first appearance at the [[1964 24 Hours of Le Mans|24 Hours of Le Mans]]. Its first victory will come 2 years later in [[1966 24 Hours of Le Mans|1966]].
* [[June 21]] – [[Spain men's national football team|Spain]] beats the [[USSR national football team|Soviet Union]] 2–1 to win the [[1964 UEFA European Football Championship|1964 European Nations Cup]].
* [[June 26]] – [[Moise Tshombe]] returns to the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] from exile in Spain.

===July===
{{main|July 1964}}
* [[July 2]] – The United States [[Civil Rights Act of 1964]] is enacted.
* [[July 6]] – [[Malawi]] receives its independence from the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite book|author=United States. Department of State|title=Department of State News Letter|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rQmEPFsz7BgC&pg=RA7-PA27|year=1964|publisher=Bureau of Administration|pages=7}}</ref>
* [[July 18]]
** Six days of [[race riot]]s begin in [[Harlem]], New York, United States, apparently prompted by the shooting of a teenager.<ref>{{cite book|author=Edward C. Banfield|title=The Unheavenly City Revisited|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xoFCAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA219|year=1974|publisher=Little, Brown|isbn=978-0-316-08013-2|pages=219}}</ref>
** [[Judith Graham Pool]] publishes her discovery of [[cryoprecipitate]], a frozen blood clotting product made from plasma primarily to treat [[hemophilia]]cs around the world.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Marilyn Bailey Ogilvie|author2=Joy Dorothy Harvey|title=The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science: L-Z|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LTSYePZvSXYC&pg=PA1040|year=2000|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-415-92040-7|pages=1040}}</ref>
* [[July 19]] – [[Vietnam War]]: At a rally in [[Ho Chi Minh City|Saigon]], [[South Vietnam]]ese Prime Minister and military leader [[Nguyễn Khánh]] calls for expanding the war into [[North Vietnam]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,871317,00.html|title=South Viet Nam: Toward the Showdown?|date=August 7, 1964|magazine=Time|access-date=February 11, 2021}}</ref>
* [[July 20]]
** Vietnam War: [[Viet Cong]] forces attack a provincial capital, killing 11 South Vietnamese military personnel and 40 civilians (30 of which are children).
** The [[National Movement of the Revolution]] is established in the [[Republic of the Congo]], becoming the country's sole legal [[political party]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Yearbook on Human Rights for ...|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FSzCbZRAhZ0C|year=1964|publisher=United Nations|page=77}}</ref>
* [[July 21]] – [[1964 race riots in Singapore|Race riots]] begin in [[Singapore]] between ethnic Chinese and Malays.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Cheng|first=Adeline Low Hwee|date=2001|title=The past in the present: Memories of the 1964 'racial riots' in Singapore|journal=Asian Journal of Social Science|volume=29 |issue=3|pages=431–455|doi=10.1163/156853101X00181}}</ref>
* [[July 22]] – The second meeting of the [[Organisation of African Unity]] is held.
* [[July 24]] – A minor [[criticality accident]] takes place at a United Nuclear Corporation Fuels recovery plant in [[Wood River Junction, Rhode Island]], United States, causing the death of one worker.
* [[July 27]] – [[Vietnam War]]: The U.S. sends 5,000 more military advisers to South Vietnam, bringing the total number of United States forces in Vietnam to 21,000.
* [[July 31]] – [[Ranger program]]: [[Ranger 7]] sends back the first close-up photographs of the Moon (images are 1,000 times clearer than anything ever seen from Earth-bound [[telescope]]s).

===August===
{{main|August 1964}}
* [[August 2]] – [[Vietnam War]]: United States destroyer [[USS Maddox (DD-731)|''Maddox'']] is attacked in the [[Gulf of Tonkin]]. Air support from the carrier [[USS Ticonderoga (CV-14)|USS ''Ticonderoga'']] sinks one gunboat, while the other two leave the battle.
* [[August 5]]
** Vietnam War: [[Operation Pierce Arrow]] – Aircraft from carriers [[USS Ticonderoga (CV-14)|USS ''Ticonderoga'']] and [[USS Constellation (CV-64)|USS ''Constellation'']] bomb [[North Vietnam]] in retaliation for strikes against U.S. destroyers in the [[Gulf of Tonkin]].
** The Simba rebel army in the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] captures [[Kisangani|Stanleyville]], and takes 1,000 Western hostages.
* [[August 7]] – Vietnam War: The United States Congress passes the [[Gulf of Tonkin Resolution]], giving U.S. President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] broad war powers to deal with North Vietnamese attacks on U.S. forces.<ref>{{cite book|author=Russell D. Buhite|title=Major Crises in Contemporary American Foreign Policy: A Documentary History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iEgaAQAAIAAJ|year=1997|publisher=Greenwood Press|isbn=978-0-313-29468-6|page=xxvi}}</ref>
* [[August 8]] – A [[The Rolling Stones|Rolling Stones]] gig in [[Scheveningen]] gets out of control. Riot police end the gig after about fifteen minutes, upon which spectators start to fight the riot police.<ref>{{cite book|author=Mark Paytress|title=Rolling Stones: Off The Record|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F3blvuxKlxMC&pg=PT94|date=15 December 2009|publisher=Omnibus Press|isbn=978-0-85712-113-4|pages=94}}</ref>
* [[August 13]] – The last judicial hanging in the United Kingdom takes place when murderers [[Gwynne Owen Evans]] and [[Peter Anthony Allen]] are executed at [[HM Prison Liverpool|Walton Prison in Liverpool]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Peter Hitchens|title=A Brief History of Crime: The Decline of Order, Justice and Liberty in England|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3c0uAQAAIAAJ|year=2003|publisher=Atlantic|isbn=978-1-84354-148-6|page=167}}</ref>
* [[August 16]] – Vietnam War: In a [[coup]], General [[Nguyễn Khánh]] replaces [[Dương Văn Minh]] as South Vietnam's chief of state and establishes a new [[constitution]], drafted partly by the U.S. Embassy.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Ngọc Huy Nguyễn|author2=Stephen B. Young|title=Understanding Vietnam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OEpwAAAAMAAJ|year=1982|publisher=DPC Information Service|page=116}}</ref>
* [[August 18]] – The International Olympic Committee bans South Africa from the [[1964 Summer Olympics|Tokyo Olympics]] on the grounds that its teams are racially segregated.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Lincoln Allison|author2=Alan Tomlinson|title=Understanding International Sport Organisations: Principles, power and possibilities|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lEUlDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA90|date=27 March 2017|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-317-59043-9|pages=90}}</ref>
* [[August 20]] – The International Telecommunications Satellite Consortium ([[Intelsat]]) began to work.
* [[August 22]] – Goalkeeper Derek Foster of Sunderland becomes the youngest-ever player to play in the English [[Football League]], aged 15 years and 185 days.
* [[August 24]]–[[August 27|27]] – The [[Democratic National Convention]] in [[Atlantic City]] nominates incumbent President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] for a full term, and U.S. Senator [[Hubert Humphrey]] of [[Minnesota]] as his running mate.
* [[August 27]] – [[Walt Disney]]'s ''[[Mary Poppins (film)|Mary Poppins]]'' has its world premiere in Los Angeles. It will go on to become Disney's biggest moneymaker, and winner of 5 Academy Awards, including a [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] for [[Julie Andrews]]. It is the first Disney film to be nominated for [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]].
* [[August 28]]–[[August 30|30]] – [[Philadelphia 1964 race riot]]: Tensions between [[African American]] residents and police lead to 341 injuries and 774 arrests.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Dennis B. Downey|author2=Francis J. Bremer|title=A Guide to the History of Pennsylvania|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oEUWAQAAIAAJ|year=1993|publisher=Greenwood Press|isbn=978-0-313-25085-9|page=227}}</ref>

===September===
{{main|September 1964}}
* [[September 2]] – Indian [[Hungry generation]] poets, including [[Malay Roy Choudhury]], are arrested on charges of conspiracy against the state and obscenity in literature.<ref>{{cite book|author=Pradip Choudhuri|title=The Black Hole: Selected Poems 1964–1989|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hI4hAAAAMAAJ|year=1990|publisher=Inkblot|isbn=978-0-934301-27-5|page=1}}</ref>
* [[September 4]] – The [[Forth Road Bridge]] opens over the [[Firth of Forth]] in Scotland.<ref>{{cite book|title=Passenger Transport|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1sldAAAAIAAJ|year=1965|publisher=Ian Allan, Modern Transport Publishing Company|page=148}}</ref>
* [[September 10]] – The [[African Development Bank]] (AfDB) is founded.<ref>{{cite book|author=M.A. van Meerhaeghe|title=International Economic Institutions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H4DsCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA17|date=29 June 2013|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-94-017-1930-8|pages=17}}</ref>
* [[September 11]] – In [[Jacksonville, Florida]], during a tour of the United States, [[John Lennon]] announces that the [[Beatles]] will not play to a segregated audience.<ref>{{cite book|author=Laurence Cole|title=Dusty Springfield: In the Middle of Nowhere|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_NsHAQAAMAAJ|year=2008|publisher=Middlesex University Press|isbn=978-1-904750-41-3|page=122}}</ref>
* [[September 14]]
** The third period of the [[Second Vatican Council]] opens.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/en/speeches/1964.index.5.html|title=Pope Paul VI - Speeches 1964|website=Vatican|access-date=February 26, 2022}}</ref>
** The London ''[[Daily Herald (UK newspaper)|Daily Herald]]'' ceases publication, replaced by ''[[The Sun (United Kingdom)|The Sun]]''.
* [[September 18]] – In [[Athens]], King [[Constantine II of Greece]] marries [[Princess Anne-Marie of Denmark]], who becomes Europe's youngest Queen at age 18 years, 19 days.
* [[September 21]] – The island of [[Malta]] obtains independence from the United Kingdom.
* [[September 24]] – The [[Warren Commission]], the first official investigation of the assassination of United States President [[John F. Kennedy]], submits its written report.<ref>{{cite book|title=Prologue: The Journal of the National Archives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l4uTqTCEizwC&pg=RA1-PA384|year=1992|publisher=National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration|pages=1}}</ref>
* [[September 25]] – The [[Mozambican War of Independence]] is launched by [[FRELIMO]].<ref>{{cite book|title=United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. Hearings Before the Subcommittee on African Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, Ninety-fourth Congress, First Session ....|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5wylbq5aIt4C&pg=PA10|year=1976|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|pages=10}}</ref>

===October===
{{main|October 1964}}
[[File:Tokyo 1964 Summer Olympics logo.svg|140px|thumbnail|right|October 10–24: The 1964 Summer Olympics begins]]
* October – [[Robert Moog]] demonstrates the prototype [[Moog synthesizer]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Moog|first=R. A.|year=1965|title=Voltage-Controlled Electronic Music Modules|journal=Journal of the Audio Engineering Society|volume=13|issue=3|pages=200–206}}</ref>
* [[October 1]]
** Three thousand student activists at the [[University of California, Berkeley]], surround and block a police car from taking a [[Congress of Racial Equality|CORE]] volunteer arrested for not showing his ID, when he violated a ban on outdoor activist card tables. This protest eventually explodes into the [[Berkeley Free Speech Movement]].
** The ''[[Shinkansen]]'' [[high-speed rail]] system, the world's first such system, is inaugurated in Japan, for the first sector between Tokyo and [[Osaka]].
* [[October 5]]
** Twenty-three men and thirty-one women escape to [[West Berlin]] through a narrow tunnel under the [[Berlin Wall]].
** [[Elizabeth II]] and [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|The Duke of Edinburgh]] begin an 8-day visit to Canada.
* [[October 10]]–[[October 24|24]] – The [[1964 Summer Olympics]] are held in Tokyo, Japan, the first in an Asian country.
* [[October 12]] – The Soviet Union launches ''[[Voskhod 1]]'' into Earth [[orbit]] as the first spacecraft with a multi-person crew and the first flight without [[space suit]]s. The flight is cut short and lands again on [[October 13]] after 16 orbits.
* [[October 14]] – American civil rights movement leader [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] becomes the youngest recipient of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]], which is awarded to him for leading non-violent resistance to end [[racism|racial prejudice]] in the United States.
* [[October 14]]–[[October 15|15]] – [[Nikita Khrushchev]] is deposed as leader of the Soviet Union; [[Leonid Brezhnev]] and [[Alexei Kosygin]] assume power.
* [[October 15]] &ndash; [[1964 United Kingdom general election]]: The [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] wins a narrow victory over Sir [[Alec Douglas-Home]]'s [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], which has been in power for 13 years. The new prime minister is [[Harold Wilson]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/vote_2005/basics/4393293.stm|title=1964: Labour scrapes through|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=2005-04-05|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160213202904/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/vote_2005/basics/4393293.stm|archive-date=2016-02-13|access-date=2016-02-13}}</ref>
* [[October 17]] &ndash; [[596 (nuclear test)]]: The People's Republic of China explodes an [[atomic bomb]] in [[Xinjiang|Sinkiang]].
* [[October 22]]
** Canada: A Federal Multi-Party Parliamentary Committee selects a design to become the new official [[Flag of Canada]].
** A 5.3 [[kiloton]] nuclear device is detonated at the Tatum Salt Dome, {{convert|21|mi|km}} from [[Hattiesburg, Mississippi]], as part of the [[Vela Uniform]] program. This test is the Salmon phase of the Atomic Energy Commission's Project Dribble.
* [[October 24]] – Northern [[Rhodesia]], a former British protectorate, becomes the independent Republic of [[Zambia]], ending 73 years of British rule.
* [[October 26]] – [[Eric Edgar Cooke]] becomes the last man executed in Western Australia, for murdering 8 citizens in [[Perth]] between [[1959]] and [[1963]].
* [[October 27]] – In the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], rebel leader Christopher Gbenye takes 60 Americans and 800 Belgians [[hostage]].
* [[October 29]] – A collection of irreplaceable [[gemstone]]s, including the {{convert|565|carat|g|adj=on}} [[Star of India (gem)|Star of India]], is stolen from the [[American Museum of Natural History]] in New York City.

===November===
{{main|November 1964}}
* [[November 1]] – Mortar fire from North Vietnamese forces rains on the [[Bien Hoa Air Base]], killing four U.S. servicemen, wounding 72, and destroying five [[B-57 Canberra|B-57]] jet bombers and other planes.
* [[November 3]]
** [[1964 United States presidential election]]: Incumbent President Lyndon B. Johnson defeats [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] challenger [[Barry Goldwater]] with over 60 percent of the [[Direct election|popular vote]].
** The [[Bolivia]]n government of President [[Víctor Paz Estenssoro]] is overthrown by a military rebellion led by General [[Alfredo Ovando Candía]], commander-in-chief of the armed forces.
* [[November 5]] – [[Mariner program]]: ''[[Mariner 3]]'' spacecraft is launched from [[Cape Kennedy]] but fails.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-12-20 |title=Mariner 3 - NASA Science |url=https://science.nasa.gov/mission/mariner-3/ |access-date=2025-04-05 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[November 10]] – Australia partially reintroduces [[compulsory military service]] due to the [[Indonesian Confrontation]].
* [[November 19]] – The [[United States Department of Defense]] announces the closing of 95 military bases and facilities, including [[Fort Jay]], the [[Brooklyn Navy Yard]] and the Brooklyn Army Terminal.
* [[November 21]]
** [[Second Vatican Council]]: The third period of the [[Catholic Church]]'s [[ecumenical council]] closes. ''[[Lumen gentium]]'', the Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, is promulgated.<ref>{{cite book|author=Austin Flannery|title=Vatican Council II: The Conciliar and Postconciliar Documents|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hQJzBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT1440|date=28 August 2014|publisher=Liturgical Press|isbn=978-0-8146-4929-9|pages=1440}}</ref>
** The [[Verrazano-Narrows Bridge]] across [[New York Bay]] opens to traffic (the world's longest [[suspension bridge]] at this time).<ref>{{cite book|author1=Michael N. Danielson|author2=Jameson W. Doig|title=New York: The Politics of Urban Regional Development|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sawwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA203|date=3 October 1983|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-04551-4|pages=203}}</ref>
* [[November 24]] – Belgian paratroopers and mercenaries capture [[Kisangani|Stanleyville]], but a number of [[hostage]]s die in the fighting, among them American [[Evangelical Covenant Church]] missionary [[Paul Carlson]].
* [[November 28]]
** [[Mariner program]]: NASA launches the [[Mariner 4]] space probe from Cape Kennedy toward Mars to take television pictures of that [[planet]] in July [[1965]].
** Vietnam War: [[United States National Security Council]] members, including [[Robert McNamara]], [[Dean Rusk]], and [[Maxwell Taylor]], agree to recommend a plan for a 2-stage escalation of bombing in North Vietnam, to President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]].
** France performs an underground nuclear test at [[In Ekker series, French nuclear tests|In Ecker]], Algeria.

===December===
{{main|December 1964}}
* [[December 1]] – [[Gustavo Díaz Ordaz]] takes office as [[President of Mexico]].
* [[December 3]]
** [[Berkeley Free Speech Movement]]: Police arrest about 800 students at the [[University of California, Berkeley]], following their takeover of and massive sit-in at the Sproul Hall administration building. The sit-in most directly protested the U.C. Regents' decision to punish student activists for what many thought had been justified civil disobedience earlier in the conflict.<ref>{{cite book|author=Gene Sharp|title=The Politics of Nonviolent Action: The methods of nonviolent action|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2NojAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA373|year=1973|publisher=P. Sargent Publisher|isbn=978-0-87558-071-5|pages=373}}</ref>
** The Danish football club [[Brøndby IF]] is founded as a merger between the two local clubs Brøndbyøster Idrætsforening and Brøndbyvester Idrætsforening. The club wins the national championship [[Danish Superliga]] 10 times, and the [[Danish Cup]]s six times, after joining the Danish top-flight football league in 1981.
* [[December 5]] – [[Australian Senate election, 1964]]: The [[Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal]]/[[National Party of Australia|Country]] [[Coalition (Australia)|Coalition]] [[Menzies Government (1949-66)|Government]] led by [[Prime Minister of Australia|Prime Minister]] [[Robert Menzies]] hold their status quo, while the [[Australian Labor Party|Labor Party]] led by [[Arthur Calwell]] lose one seat to the [[Democratic Labor Party (Australia, 1955)|Democratic Labor Party]], who hold the balance of power in the [[Australian Senate|Senate]] alongside independent [[Reg Turnbull]].
* [[December 10]] – Dr. [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] is awarded the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] in [[Oslo]], Norway.<ref>{{cite book|author=Alice Mulcahey Fleming|title=Martin Luther King, Jr: A Dream of Hope|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YamfeoGeHpsC&pg=PP6|year=2008|publisher=Sterling Publishing Company, Inc.|isbn=978-1-4027-5803-4|pages=6}}</ref>
* [[December 11]] – [[Che Guevara]] addresses the [[United Nations General Assembly]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Guevara|first1=Ernesto Che|author-link=Che Guevara|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ierlWAqZ_8cC|title=Che: The Diaries of Ernesto Che Guevara|chapter=Chronology of Ernesto Che Guevara|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ierlWAqZ_8cC&pg=PA6|location=[[North Melbourne, Victoria]], Australia |publisher=Ocean Press|year=2009|page=6|isbn=978-1920888930|access-date=2016-02-13}}</ref> A [[bazooka]] attack is launched at the [[Headquarters of the United Nations]] in New York City.
* [[December 12]] – [[Jamhuri Day]]: [[Kenya]] becomes a republic, with [[Jomo Kenyatta]] as its first [[President of Kenya|President]].
* [[December 14]] – ''[[Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States]]'' (379 US 241 1964): The U.S. Supreme Court rules that, in accordance with the [[Civil Rights Act of 1964]], establishments providing public accommodation must refrain from racial discrimination.
* [[December 18]] – The [[Christmas flood of 1964]] begins in the United States, affecting the Pacific Northwest and some of Northern California. It will continue until January 7, resulting in 19 deaths, serious damage to buildings, roads and bridges, and the loss of 4,000 head of livestock.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nwp.usace.army.mil/pa/docs/wrdb/2000/lowercolumbia.pdf |title=Lower Columbia River Basin |publisher=United States Army Corps of Engineers |access-date=December 31, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616105833/http://www.nwp.usace.army.mil/pa/docs/wrdb/2000/lowercolumbia.pdf |archive-date=June 16, 2011}}</ref>
* [[December 21]] – The [[General Dynamics F-111]] Aardvark supersonic attack aircraft, developed for the U.S. Air Force, makes its first flight, at [[Carswell Air Force Base]], Texas.<ref>{{citation |editor-last=Eden |editor-first=Paul |title=Encyclopedia of Modern Military Aircraft |chapter=General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark/EF-111 Raven |location= London |publisher=Amber Books |date=2004 |isbn=1-904687-84-9|page=197}}</ref>
* [[December 22]]
** A cyclone in the [[Palk Strait]] destroys the Indian town of [[Dhanushkodi]], killing 1800 people.<ref>{{cite book|author=United States. Naval Oceanographic Office|title=Sailing Directions for the Bay of Bengal: Point Calimere to Laem Pak Phra and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qNlHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA56|year=1966|pages=56}}</ref>
** The [[Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird]] makes its first flight at [[Palmdale, California]].
* [[December 24]] – [[1964 Brinks Hotel bombing|The Brinks Hotel]] in Saigon, Vietnam, is bombed by the [[Viet Cong]], resulting in the deaths of two US soldiers and injuries to a further 60 people, including civilians.<ref>{{cite book|title=Triumph Forsaken: The Vietnam War, 1954–1965|first=Mark|last=Moyar|author-link=Mark Moyar |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2006 |isbn=0-521-86911-0 |location=New York|page=347}}</ref>
* [[December 30]] – The [[United Nations Conference on Trade and Development]] (UNCTAD) is established as a permanent organ of the [[UN General Assembly]].<ref>{{cite book|author=United States Department of State|title=The Department of State Bulletin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4R13dJvs0yIC&pg=PA458|year=1965|publisher=Office of Media Services, Bureau of Public Affairs|pages=458}}</ref>

===Date unknown===
* Spring – First recognition of [[cosmic microwave background radiation]] as a detectable phenomenon.<ref>In a brief paper by [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] astrophysicists [[A. G. Doroshkevich]] and [[Igor Dmitriyevich Novikov|Igor Novikov]]. {{cite journal|last=Penzias|first=A. A.|year=2006|title=The origin of elements|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1978/penzias-lecture.pdf|journal=Nobel Lecture|volume=205|issue=4406|pages=549–54|publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]|doi=10.1126/science.205.4406.549|pmid=17729659|access-date=2006-10-04}}</ref>
* [[Jerome Horwitz]] synthesizes [[zidovudine]] (AZT), an [[antiviral drug]] which will later be used in treating [[HIV]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Hospital Practice|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXtQAQAAIAAJ|year=1989|publisher=HP Publishing Company|page=19}}</ref>
* [[Farrington Daniels]] becomes an early advocate of [[solar energy]] in his book ''Direct Use of the Sun's Energy'', published by [[Yale University Press]] in the United States.<ref>{{cite book|author1=United States Congress. House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries|title=Committee Prints|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=25IKAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA5-PA605|year=1971|pages=5–}}</ref>
* [[Rudi Gernreich]] designs the original [[monokini]] topless swimsuit in the U.S.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gernreich.steirischerbst.at/pages/bio1.htm|title=Biografie Rudi Gernreich|language=de|publisher=Steirischer Herbst Festival GmbH|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160213205151/http://gernreich.steirischerbst.at/pages/bio1.htm|archive-date=February 13, 2016|access-date=2016-02-13}}</ref>
* The [[Vishva Hindu Pariṣad]] is founded in India.<ref>{{cite book|author=Klaus K. Klostermaier|title=A Concise Encyclopedia of Hinduism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DB29DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT11|date=1 October 2014|publisher=Oneworld Publications|isbn=978-1-78074-672-2|pages=11}}</ref>