Editing 1960 (section)

==Events==
===January===
{{Main|January 1960}}
* [[January 1]] – [[Cameroon]] becomes independent from France.<ref name=1960s>{{cite book|title=1960s|first=Nigel|last=Gross|display-authors=etal|publisher=HarperCollins|location=Glasgow|series=Collins Gem|year=1999|isbn=0-00-472310-4}}</ref>
* [[January 9]]–[[January 11|11]] – [[Aswan Dam]] construction begins in [[Egypt]].
* [[January 10]] – [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|British Prime Minister]] [[Harold Macmillan]] makes the [[Wind of Change (speech)|"Wind of Change" speech]] for the first time, to little publicity, in [[Accra]], [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]] (modern-day [[Ghana]]).
* [[January 19]] – A revised version of the [[Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan]] ("U.S.-Japan Security Treaty" or "''Anpo (jōyaku)''"), which allows U.S. troops to be based on Japanese soil, is signed in Washington, D.C. by Prime Minister [[Nobusuke Kishi]] and President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]]. The new treaty is opposed by the massive [[Anpo protests]] in Japan.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kapur|first=Nick|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Re5hDwAAQBAJ|title=Japan at the Crossroads: Conflict and Compromise after Anpo|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|year=2018|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|pages=21|isbn=9780674988484}}</ref>
* [[January 21]] 
** [[Coalbrook mining disaster]]: A coal mine collapses at [[Holly Country]], South Africa, killing 435 miners.
** [[Avianca Flight 671]] crashes and burns upon landing at Montego Bay, Jamaica killing 37, the worst air disaster in Jamaica's history and the first for Avianca.
* [[January 22]]
** [[Charles de Gaulle]], President of France, dismisses [[Jacques Massu]] as commander-in-chief of French troops in [[Algeria]].
** [[Jacques Piccard]] and [[Don Walsh]] descend into the [[Mariana Trench]] in the [[bathyscaphe]] ''[[Trieste (bathyscaphe)|Trieste]]'', reaching the depth of {{convert|10,911|m|ft|abbr=off|sp=us}}, and become the first human beings to reach the lowest spot on Earth.
* [[January 24]] – A major insurrection occurs in [[Algiers]] against French colonial policy.

===February===
{{Main|February 1960}}
[[File:Greensboro sit-in counter.jpg|thumb|February 1: A section of lunch counter from the Greensboro, North Carolina Woolworth's where the Greensboro sit-ins began is now preserved in the [[Smithsonian Institution]] [[National Museum of American History]]]]
[[File:Hollywood Walk of Fame.jpg|thumb|right|February 8: Hollywood Walk of Fame established]]
*[[February 1]] – [[Greensboro sit-ins]]: In [[Greensboro, North Carolina]], four black students from [[North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University]] begin a sit-in at a segregated [[F. W. Woolworth Company|Woolworth's]] [[lunch counter]]. Although they are refused service, they are allowed to stay at the counter. The event triggers many similar non-violent protests throughout the [[Southern United States]], and six months later the original four protesters are served lunch at the same counter.
*[[February 3]] – [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] [[Harold Macmillan]] makes the [[Wind of Change (speech)|Wind of Change]] speech to the South African Parliament in [[Cape Town]] (although he had first made the speech, to little publicity, in [[Accra]], [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]] – modern-day [[Ghana]] – on [[January 10]]).
*[[February 5]] – The first [[CERN]] [[particle accelerator]] becomes operational in [[Geneva]], Switzerland.
*[[February 8]] – [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] is established.
*[[February 10]] – A conference about the proposed independence of the [[Belgian Congo]] begins in [[Brussels]], Belgium.
*[[February 11]] – [[China–India relations#1960s|China–India relations]]: Twelve Indian soldiers die in clashes with [[People's Republic of China|Red Chinese]] troops along their small common border.
*[[February 13]] – ''[[Gerboise Bleue]]'': France tests its first atomic bomb, in the [[Sahara Desert]] of [[Algeria]].
*[[February 18]] – The [[1960 Winter Olympics]] begin at the [[Squaw Valley Ski Resort]] in [[Placer County, California]].
*[[February 26]] – [[Alitalia Flight 618]]: An airliner ''en route'' to New York crashes into a cemetery at [[Shannon, Ireland]], shortly after takeoff, killing 34 of the 52 persons on board.
*[[February 29]] – The 5.7 {{M|w}} [[1960 Agadir earthquake|Agadir Earthquake]] shakes coastal [[Morocco]] with a maximum perceived intensity of [[Mercalli intensity scale|X (''Extreme'')]], destroying Agadir and leaving 12,000 dead and another 12,000 injured.

===March===
{{Main|March 1960}}
[[File:Che Guevara - Guerrillero Heroico by Alberto Korda.jpg|thumb|130px|March 5: The iconic picture of Che Guevara<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/21/books/21kaku.html Brand Che: Revolutionary as Marketer's Dream] by [[Michiko Kakutani]], ''[[The New York Times]]'', April 20, 2009</ref>]]
* [[March 5]] – [[Alberto Korda]] takes his iconic photograph of [[Che Guevara]], ''[[Guerrillero Heroico]]'', in [[Havana]].
* [[March 6]]
** [[Vietnam War]]: The United States announces that 3,500 American soldiers will be sent to [[Vietnam]].
** The [[Canton of Geneva]] in Switzerland gives women the right to vote.
* [[March 17]] 
** [[Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 710]] crashes near Tell City, Indiana, killing all 63 on board.
** U.S. President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] approves a covert [[Central Intelligence Agency]] plan to train a paramilitary force against Cuba, which will result in the 1961 [[Bay of Pigs Invasion]].<ref>[https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/bayofpigs/chron.html Bay of Pigs: 40 Years After"] by the [[National Security Archive]]</ref>
* [[March 21]] – The [[Sharpeville massacre]] in South Africa results in more than 69 black protesters shot dead by police, 300 injured.
* [[March 22]] – [[Arthur Leonard Schawlow]] and [[Charles Hard Townes]] receive the first [[patent]] for a [[laser]], in the United States.
* [[March 23]] – Soviet Premier [[Nikita Khrushchev]] meets French President [[Charles de Gaulle]] in Paris.
* [[March 29]] – "[[Tom Pillibi]]" sung by 18-year-old [[Jacqueline Boyer]] (music by [[André Popp]], lyrics by [[Pierre Cour]]) wins the [[Eurovision Song Contest 1960]] (staged in London) for France.

===April===
{{Main|April 1960}}
[[File:Tiros satellite navitar.jpg|thumb|upright|April 1: TIROS-I prototype on display at the Smithsonian [[National Air and Space Museum]]]]
* [[April 1]]
** [[Abdul Rahman of Negeri Sembilan]], 1st [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]] of [[Malaysia]], dies in office. He is replaced by [[Hisamuddin Alam Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Alaeddin Sulaiman Shah]], [[Sultan]] of [[Selangor]].
** The United States launches the first [[weather satellite]], [[TIROS-1]].
** The [[1960 United States census]] begins. There are 179,323,175 U.S. residents on this day.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/statcomp/documents/1961-02.pdf|title=Population}}</ref> All people from [[Latin America]] are listed as white, including blacks from the [[Dominican Republic]], European whites from [[Argentina]] and Mexicans who resemble [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]].
* [[April 4]] – At the [[32nd Academy Awards]] Ceremony, ''[[Ben-Hur (1959 film)|Ben-Hur]]'' wins a record 11 [[Academy Awards|Oscars]], including [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]].
* [[April 9]] – White gunman [[David Pratt (assassin)|David Pratt]] shoots [[South African Prime Minister]] [[Hendrik Verwoerd]] in [[Johannesburg]], wounding him seriously.
* [[April 12]] – Eric Peugeot, the youngest son of the founder of the [[Peugeot Corporation]], is kidnapped in Paris. He is released on [[April 15]], in exchange for $300,000 in ransom.
* [[April 19]] – [[April Revolution]]: South Korean students hold a nationwide pro-democracy protest against President [[Syngman Rhee]], eventually leading him to resign from office.
* [[April 21]] – In Brazil, the country's capital ([[Federal District (Brazil)|Federal District]]) is relocated from the city of [[Rio de Janeiro]] to the new city, [[Brasília]], in the highlands. The actual city of [[Rio de Janeiro]] becomes the [[State of Guanabara]].
* [[April 27]] – [[Togo]] gains independence from France, with the French-administered [[United Nations Trust Territory]] being terminated.

===May===
{{Main|May 1960}}
[[File:RIAN archive 35172 Powers Wears Special Pressure Suit.jpg|thumb|May 1: USSR shoots down U-2 spy plane and captures USAF spy pilot Francis Gary Powers]]
* [[May 1]]
** The [[U-2 incident]]: Several [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[surface-to-air missile]]s shoot down an American [[Lockheed U-2]] spy plane. Its pilot, [[Francis Gary Powers]] of the [[Central Intelligence Agency]], is captured.
** In India, this day is declared as 'Maharashtra Divas', i.e., [[Maharashtra Day]] (also celebrated as 'Kaamgaar Divas', i.e., Workers Day).
* [[May 3]] – The [[European Free Trade Association]] (EFTA) is established.
* [[May 4]] – West German refugee minister [[Theodor Oberländer]] is dismissed because of his [[Nazi Germany|Nazi]] past.
* [[May 6]] – United States President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] signs the [[Civil Rights Act of 1960]] into law.
* [[May 10]] – The U.S. nuclear-powered submarine {{USS|Triton|SSRN-586|6}}, under the command of Captain [[Edward L. Beach Jr.]], completes the first underwater [[circumnavigation]] of the Earth (codenamed [[Operation Sandblast]]).
* [[May 11]] – In [[Buenos Aires]], four [[Mossad]] agents abduct fugitive [[Nazi Germany|Nazi German]] [[war criminal]] [[Adolf Eichmann]] in order that he can be taken to [[Israel]] and put on trial. This is announced on May 23 by [[Prime Minister of Israel]] [[David Ben-Gurion]]. Eichmann is convicted and executed in 1962.
* [[May 13]] – A joint Swiss and Austrian expedition makes the first ascent of the Asian mountain [[Dhaulagiri]], the world's 7th highest.
* [[May 14]] – The Kenyan African National Congress Party is founded in [[Kenya]], when 3 political parties join forces.
* [[May 15]] – The [[satellite]] [[Sputnik program|Sputnik 4]] is launched into orbit by the [[Soviet Union]].
* [[May 16]]
** Soviet Premier [[Nikita Khrushchev]] demands an apology from [[President of the United States|President]] [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] for the [[1960 U-2 incident|U-2 reconnaissance plane flights]] over the [[Soviet Union]], thus aborting their summit meeting scheduled for Paris this year.
** [[Theodore Maiman]] operates the first [[laser]].
* [[May 18]] – [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]] beat [[Eintracht Frankfurt]] 7–3 at [[Hampden Park]], [[Glasgow]], and win the [[1959–60 European Cup]] in Association football, their 5th successive victory in the competition.
* [[May 22]] – The 9.5 {{M|w|link=y}} [[1960 Valdivia earthquake|Valdivia earthquake]] affects [[Chile]] with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XII (''Extreme''). This [[megathrust earthquake]] ruptures from [[Arauco, Chile|Arauco]] to [[Chiloé Archipelago]], causing the most powerful earthquake on record and a destructive basin-wide [[tsunami]].
* [[May 27]] – In Turkey, [[1960 Turkish coup d'état|a bloodless military coup d'état]] removes President [[Celâl Bayar]], and installs General [[Cemal Gürsel]] as the [[head of state]].
* [[May 30]] – [[Cemal Gürsel]] forms the new government of [[Turkey]] (its 24th government, composed mostly of so-called "technocrats").

===June===
{{Main|June 1960}}
[[File:Bodom-1960-teltta.jpg|thumb|right|June 5: Investigating the campers' tent after the Lake Bodom murders in Finland]]
[[File:1960._Junio,_24._Atentado_a_Rómulo_Betancourt_en_Los_Próceres.jpg|thumb|June 24: Explosion in Paseo Los Próceres, Caracas, during the attempted assassination of Venezuelan President Rómulo Betancourt]]
* [[June 1]] – New Zealand's first [[television station]] begins broadcasting, in the city of [[Auckland]].
* [[June 5]] 
** The [[Lake Bodom murders]] occur in Finland.
** The [[First Vatican Council]], adjourned in 1870, is officially closed.
* [[June 9]] – [[1960 Pacific typhoon season]]: [[Typhoon Mary (1960)|Typhoon Mary]] kills 1,600 people in China.
* [[June 10]] – [[Anpo Protests#The "Hagerty Incident"|The "Hagerty Incident"]]: As part of the ongoing [[Anpo protests]] in Japan against the [[U.S.-Japan Security Treaty]], a car carrying [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]]'s press secretary [[James Hagerty]] and U.S. Ambassador to Japan [[Douglas MacArthur II]] is mobbed by protesters outside of Tokyo's [[Haneda Airport]], requiring the occupants to be rescued by a U.S. Marine helicopter.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kapur|first=Nick|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Re5hDwAAQBAJ|title=Japan at the Crossroads: Conflict and Compromise after Anpo|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|year=2018|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|pages=27–29|isbn=9780674988484}}</ref>
* [[June 15]]
** [[Anpo Protests#The "June 15th Incident"|The "June 15 Incident"]]: As part of the massive [[Anpo protests]] against the [[U.S.-Japan Security Treaty]] in Japan, radical student activists from the [[Zengakuren]] student federation attempt to storm the [[National Diet]] compound, precipitating a battle with police in which female [[Tokyo University]] student [[Michiko Kanba]] is killed.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kapur|first=Nick|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Re5hDwAAQBAJ|title=Japan at the Crossroads: Conflict and Compromise after Anpo|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|year=2018|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|pages=29–31|isbn=9780674988484}}</ref>
** The [[BC Ferries]] company, later to become the second-largest ferry operator in the world, commences service between [[Tsawwassen, British Columbia|Tsawwassen]] and [[Swartz Bay, British Columbia]], Canada.
* [[June 16]] – Premiere of [[Alfred Hitchcock]]'s landmark thriller film ''[[Psycho (1960 film)|Psycho]]'' in the United States.
* [[June 19]] – The new [[Anpo|U.S.-Japan Security Treaty]] is automatically ratified 30 days after passing the Lower House of the Diet.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kapur|first=Nick|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Re5hDwAAQBAJ|title=Japan at the Crossroads: Conflict and Compromise after Anpo|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|year=2018|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|pages=34|isbn=9780674988484}}</ref>
* [[June 20]]
** The short-lived [[Mali Federation]], consisting of the [[French Sudan|Sudanese Republic]] (modern-day [[Mali|Republic of Mali]]) and [[Senegal]], gains independence from France.
** [[Floyd Patterson]] becomes the first person to regain the world heavyweight boxing championship, with a knock-out of [[Ingemar Johansson]] in New York City.<ref>{{cite book|first=Alan H.|last=Levy|title=Floyd Patterson: A Boxer and a Gentleman|publisher=McFarland|year=2008|page=106}}</ref>
* [[June 22]] – [[1960 Quebec general election]]: the ruling [[Union nationale (Quebec)|Union nationale]], led by [[Antonio Barrette]], is defeated by the [[Quebec Liberal Party]], led by [[Jean Lesage]], beginning the '[[Quiet Revolution]]' in the historically conservative Canadian province.<ref>{{cite book|first=Jeremy|last=Webber|title=Reimagining Canada: Language, Culture, Community and the Canadian Constitution|publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press|year=1994|page=44}}</ref>
* [[June 23]] – Japanese prime minister [[Nobusuke Kishi]] announces his resignation.
* [[June 24]]
**[[Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] is elected as the first President of the independent [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]].
**[[Assassination attempt of Rómulo Betancourt|Assassination attempt]] of [[Venezuela]]n President [[Rómulo Betancourt]].
* [[June 26]]
** The [[State of Somaliland]] (the former [[British Somaliland]] protectorate) receives its independence from the United Kingdom. Five days later, it unites as scheduled with the [[Trust Territory of Somalia]] (the former [[Italian Somaliland]]), to form the [[Somali Republic]].
** The [[Malagasy Republic]] ([[Madagascar]]) becomes independent from France.
* [[June 28]] – King [[Bhumibol Adulyadej]] of Thailand arrives in Washington, D.C. for a 4-day royal visit to the U.S.
* [[June 30]] 
** The [[Belgian Congo]] receives its independence from Belgium, as the [[Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)]]. A [[civil war]] follows shortly.
** Public demonstrations by democratic and left forces against Italian government support of the post-fascist [[Italian Social Movement]] are heavily suppressed by police.

===July===
{{Main|July 1960}}
* [[July 1]]
** [[Ghana]] becomes a republic, and [[Kwame Nkrumah]] becomes its first [[President of Ghana|President]].
** [[Cold War]]: A [[Soviet Air Force]] [[MiG-19]] [[fighter plane]] flying north of [[Murmansk]], Russia, over the [[Barents Sea]], shoots down a six-man [[RB-47 Stratojet]] [[reconnaissance plane]] of the U.S. Air Force. Four of the U.S. Air Force officers are killed, and the two survivors are held prisoner in the [[Soviet Union]].
** The [[Trust Territory of Somaliland]] (the former [[Italian Somaliland]]) gains its independence from Italy. Concurrently, it unites as scheduled with the five-day-old [[State of Somaliland]] (the former [[British Somaliland]]) to form the [[Somali Republic]].
* [[July 3]] &ndash; The [[1960 French Grand Prix|French Grand Prix]] is won by Australian [[Jack Brabham]] driving a [[Cooper T53]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Apps|first=Bryan|title=Raymond Mays' magnificent obsession|publisher=Veloce|location=Dorchester|year=2015|isbn=9781845847869|page=102}}</ref>
* [[July 4]] &ndash; Following the admission of the State of Hawaii as the 50th state in August 1959, the new (and continuing) 50-star [[flag of the United States]] is first officially flown over [[Philadelphia]].
* [[July 10]] &ndash; The [[Soviet Union national football team]] defeats the [[Yugoslavia national football team]] 2–1 in Paris to win the first [[1960 European Nations' Cup|UEFA European Championship]].
* [[July 11]] &ndash; [[Congo Crisis]]: [[Moise Tshombe]] declares the Congolese province of [[State of Katanga|Katanga]] independent. He requests and receives help from Belgium.
* [[July 12]] &ndash; [[Chin Peng]] is exiled from [[Malaysia]] to [[Thailand]], and the Malayan [[Malayan Emergency|state of emergency]] is lifted.
* [[July 14]] &ndash; The [[United Nations Security Council]] decides to send troops to Katanga to oversee the withdrawal of Belgian troops.
* [[July 20]] &ndash; [[Sri Lanka|Ceylon]] elects Mrs. [[Sirimavo Bandaranaike]] as its Prime Minister, the world's first elected female [[head of government]] (she takes office the following day).
* [[July 21]] &ndash; English navigator [[Francis Chichester]] wins the first [[Single-Handed Trans-Atlantic Race]], arriving in [[New York City|New York]] aboard ''Gypsy Moth III'' having made a record solo [[Atlantic]] crossing in 40 days.<ref name=1960s/>
* [[July 25]] &ndash; [[F. W. Woolworth Company|The Woolworth Company]]'s lunch counter in [[Greensboro, North Carolina]], the location of a sit-in that has [[F. W. Woolworth Company#Greensboro sit-in|sparked demonstrations]] by [[Negro]]es across the [[Southern United States]], serves a meal to its first black customer.
* [[July 25]]&ndash;[[July 28|28]] &ndash; In Chicago, the [[1960 Republican National Convention]] nominates [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]] [[Richard Nixon]] as its candidate for President of the United States, and [[Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.]] for vice-president.

===August===
{{Main|August 1960}}
* [[August 1]] – [[Republic of Dahomey|Dahomey]] (modern-day [[Benin]]) becomes independent from France.
* [[August 3]] – [[Niger]] becomes independent from France.
* [[August 5]] – [[Republic of Upper Volta|Upper Volta]] (modern-day [[Burkina Faso]]) becomes independent from France.
* [[August 6]] – In the [[Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)]] (later the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]), [[Albert Kalonji]] declares the independence of the Autonomous State of [[South Kasai]].
* [[August 7]]
** The [[Ivory Coast]] becomes independent from France.
** The world's first [[standard gauge]] passenger preserved railway, the [[Bluebell Railway]], opens to the public in southern England.
* [[August 9]] – The government of [[Laos]] is overthrown in a coup.
* [[August 11]] – [[Chad]] becomes independent from France.
* [[August 13]] – [[Ubangi-Shari]] becomes independent from France, as the [[Central African Republic]]. It later becomes the [[Central African Empire]].
* [[August 15]] – [[Middle Congo]] becomes independent from France, as the [[Republic of Congo|Republic of Congo (Congo-Brazzaville)]].
* [[August 16]]
** The Mediterranean island of [[Cyprus]] receives its independence from the United Kingdom.
** [[Joseph Kittinger]] parachutes from a balloon over [[New Mexico]] at an altitude of about {{convert|102,800|ft|m|abbr=off|sp=us}}. Kittinger sets world records for: high-altitude jump; [[free-fall]] by falling 16.0 miles (25.7 [[kilometer]]s) before opening his parachute; first [[Space diving|space dive]], and fastest speed attained by a human being without mechanical or chemical assistance, about 982 k.p.h (614 m.p.h.). Kittinger survives more or less uninjured. He is also the first man to make a solo crossing of the [[Atlantic Ocean]] in a gas balloon, and the first man fully to witness the spherical curvature of the [[Earth]]. ([[Felix Baumgartner]] breaks his space diving record in [[2012]].)
* [[August 17]]
** Newly named English group [[The Beatles]] begin a 48-night residency at the Indra Club in [[Hamburg]], [[West Germany]].
** [[Gabon]] becomes independent from France.
** The trial of American [[Lockheed U-2|U-2]] pilot [[Francis Gary Powers]] begins in Moscow.
* [[August 19]] – In the [[Soviet Union]]:
** [[Cold War]]: American U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers is sentenced in Moscow to 10 years in prison for [[espionage]].
** [[Sputnik program]]: The [[satellite]] [[Sputnik 5]] is launched, with the dogs [[Belka and Strelka]] (the Russian for "Squirrel" and "Little Arrow"), 40 mice, two rats and a variety of plants. This satellite returns to Earth the next day and all animals are recovered safely.
* [[August 20]] – [[Senegal]] breaks away from the [[Mali Federation]], declaring its independence.
* [[August 25]] – The [[1960 Summer Olympic Games]] begin in Rome.
* [[August 29]] – [[Hurricane Donna]] kills 50 people in [[Florida]] and [[New England]].

===September===
{{Main|September 1960}}
* [[September 1]]
** [[Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah]], [[Sultan]] of [[Selangor]] and 2nd [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]] of [[Malaysia]], dies in office. He is replaced by [[Tuanku Syed Putra]], [[Raja]] of [[Perlis]].
** Disgruntled railroad workers effectively halt operations of the [[Pennsylvania Railroad]] in the United States, marking the first shutdown in the company's history (the event lasts two days).
* [[September 2]] – The first elections of the [[Parliament of the Central Tibetan Administration]] (in exile in India) are held. The Tibetan community observes this date as Democracy Day.
* [[September 5]]
** [[1960 Summer Olympic Games]]: [[Muhammad Ali]] (at this time Cassius Clay) of the United States wins the gold medal in [[light-heavyweight]] boxing.
** [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Congolese]] President [[Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] dismisses [[Patrice Lumumba]]'s entire government, and also places Lumumba under [[house arrest]].
** Poet [[Léopold Sédar Senghor]] is the first elected [[President of Senegal]].
* [[September 6]] – [[Martin and Mitchell defection]]: William Hamilton Martin and Bernon F. Mitchell, two American [[cryptologist]]s, announce their defection to the Soviet Union at a press conference in Moscow.
* [[September 8]] – In [[Huntsville, Alabama]], U.S. President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] formally dedicates the [[Marshall Space Flight Center]] (which had been activated by [[NASA]] on July 1).
* [[September 9]] – The first regular season game in the [[American Football League]] (established as a rival league to the NFL) takes place at Boston's [[Nickerson Field]]. The [[Denver Broncos]] defeat the [[Boston Patriots]], 13–10.
* [[September 10]] – [[1960 Summer Olympic Games]]: [[Abebe Bikila]] of [[Ethiopia at the 1960 Summer Olympics|Ethiopia]] wins the gold medal in the [[Athletics at the 1960 Summer Olympics – Men's marathon|marathon]], running barefoot in a world time, and becoming the first person from [[Sub-Saharan Africa]] to win Olympic gold.
* [[September 14]]
** Colonel [[Joseph Mobutu]] takes power in [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Republic of the Congo]] via a [[military coup]].
** The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is founded by [[Iran]], [[Iraq]], [[Kuwait]], [[Saudi Arabia]] and [[Venezuela]].
* [[September 18]] – The [[1960 Summer Paralympics|first international Summer Paralympics]] open in [[Rome]] under the title "9th International Stoke Mandeville Games", the first quadrennial paralympic event outside of England.<ref>{{cite news|title=Paralyzed Athletes, With Big Victories Behind Them, Open Olympics This Week|first=Howard A.|last=Rusk|newspaper=The New York Times|date=1960-09-19|page=134}}</ref>
* [[September 21]] – Mexican President [[Adolfo López Mateos]] nationalizes the country's electricity supply system.
* [[September 22]] – [[Mali]], the sole remaining member of the "Mali Federation" (following the withdrawal of [[Senegal]] one month earlier), declares its full independence as the ''Republic of Mali''.
* [[September 26]] – [[1960 United States presidential debates]]: The two leading candidates in the [[1960 United States presidential election]], [[John F. Kennedy]] and [[Richard Nixon]], participate in the first live televised presidential debate.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nixon, Kennedy Meet Face to Face on TV|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=27 September 1960|page=1}}</ref>
* [[September 29]] – At the [[United Nations General Assembly]], Soviet leader [[Nikita Khrushchev]] angrily interrupts British Prime Minister [[Harold Macmillan]], banging the desk and shouting in Russian. Macmillan drily says "I should like that to be translated, if I may".<ref>{{cite news|title=Premier Angers Khrushschev|newspaper=The Scotsman|location=Edinburgh|date=30 September 1960|page=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Nikita Beats On Desk, Screams As Macmillan Speaks In U.N.|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 September 1960|page=1}}</ref>

===October===
{{Main|October 1960}}
* [[October 1]] – [[Nigeria]] becomes independent from the United Kingdom, and [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]] becomes its first native-born [[Governor General]].
* [[October 3]] – [[Jânio Quadros]] is elected [[President of Brazil]], for a five-year term.
* [[October 7]] – [[Nigeria]] becomes the 99th member of the [[United Nations]].
* [[October 12]] – [[Cold War]]: [[Shoe-banging incident]] – Soviet Premier [[Nikita Khrushchev]] pounds his shoe on a desk at a meeting of the [[United Nations General Assembly]], his way of protesting the discussion of the [[Soviet Union]]'s policies toward Eastern Europe.<ref>{{cite journal|first=Thomas M.|last=Prymak|title=Cold War Clash, New York City, September-October 1960: Comrade Khrushchev vs 'Dief the Chief'|journal=[[International History Review]]|volume=45|year=2023|issue=1 |pages=134–51|doi=10.1080/07075332.2022.2116072 }}</ref>
* [[October 14]]
** [[President of the United States|Presidential]] candidate [[John F. Kennedy]] first suggests the idea for the [[Peace Corps]] of the United States.
** The Premier of [[New South Wales]] officially opens [[Warragamba Dam]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/water/visit/warragamba-dam|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003030413/http://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/water/visit/warragamba-dam|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 3, 2013|title=Warragamba Dam - Sydney Catchment Authority|date=October 3, 2013}}</ref> one of the world's largest domestic water supply dams.
* [[October 24]] – [[Nedelin catastrophe]]: A large [[rocket]] explodes on the launch pad at the [[Baikonur Cosmodrome]], killing at least 92 people of the [[Soviet space program]].
* c. [[October 31]] – [[1960 North Indian Ocean cyclone season#Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Ten|Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Ten]] makes landfall in [[East Pakistan]], followed by a storm surge, just three weeks after a previous storm devastated the country.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author=India Meteorological Department|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1960|access-date=2013-05-09|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Severe cyclonic storm in the Bay of Bengal|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED26A.pdf|pages=11–13}}</ref>

===November===
{{Main|November 1960}}
* [[November 8]] – [[1960 United States presidential election]]: In a close race, Democratic U. S. Senator [[John F. Kennedy]] is elected over Republican U. S. Vice President [[Richard Nixon]], to become (at 43) the second youngest man to serve as [[President of the United States]], and the youngest man elected to this position.
* [[November 14]]
** Belgium threatens to leave the [[United Nations]] over criticism of its policy concerning the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Republic of the Congo]].
** [[Stéblová train disaster]]: A head-on collision between two trains in [[Pardubice]], [[Czechoslovakia]], kills 118 people.
* [[November 22]] – The [[United Nations]] supports the government of [[Joseph Kasavubu]] and [[Joseph Mobutu]] in the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Republic of the Congo]].
* [[November 26]] – [[1960 New Zealand general election]]: The [[New Zealand National Party|National Party]] defeats the governing [[New Zealand Labour Party|Labour Party]] after only three years in office. National leader [[Keith Holyoake]] becomes Prime Minister of New Zealand for a second time.
* [[November 28]] – [[Mauritania]] becomes independent of France.

===December===
{{Main|December 1960}}
* [[December]] – The African and [[Madagascar|Malagasy]] Organisation for Economic Cooperation (OAMCE – Organisation Africain et Malagache de Coopération Économique) is established.
* [[December 1]]
** [[Patrice Lumumba]], deposed premier of the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Republic of the Congo]], is arrested by the troops of [[Colonel]] [[Joseph Mobutu]].
** A [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[Korabl-Sputnik 3|satellite]] containing live animals (dogs [[Soviet space dogs#Pchyolka and Mushka|Pcholka and Mushka]]) and plants is launched into orbit. Due to a malfunction, it burns up during [[atmospheric re-entry|re-entry]].
**Striking coal miners at the [[Miike Coal Mine]] in Japan return to work, ending the unprecedented 312-day-long [[Miike Struggle]].<ref name=Kapur137>{{Cite book|last=Kapur|first=Nick|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Re5hDwAAQBAJ|title=Japan at the Crossroads: Conflict and Compromise after Anpo|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|year=2018|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|pages=137|isbn=9780674988484}}</ref>
* [[December 2]] – U.S. President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] authorizes the use of $1.0&nbsp;million for the relief and resettlement of [[Cubans|Cuban]] [[refugee]]s, who have been arriving in [[Florida]] at the rate of about 1,000 per week.
* [[December 4]] – The admission of [[Mauritania]] to the [[United Nations]] is vetoed by the [[Soviet Union]].
* [[December 7]] – The [[United Nations Security Council]] is called into session by the [[Soviet Union]], in order to consider Soviet demands for the Security Council to seek the immediate release of former [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Congolese Premier]] [[Patrice Lumumba]].
* [[December 8]] – For the first time, [[Mary Martin]]'s ''[[Peter Pan (1954 musical)|Peter Pan]]'' is presented as a stand-alone 2-hour special on [[NBC]] television in the United States, instead of as part of an anthology series. This version, rather than being presented live, is shown on [[videotape]], enabling NBC to repeat it as often as they wish without having to restage it. Although nearly all of the adult actors repeat their original [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] roles, all of the original children have, ironically, outgrown their roles and are replaced by new actors.
* [[December 9]] – French President [[Charles de Gaulle]]'s visit to [[Algeria]] is bloodied by European and Muslim rioters in Algeria's largest cities. These riots cause 127 deaths.
* [[December 13]]
** [[1960 Ethiopian coup attempt]]: While Emperor [[Haile Selassie]] of [[Ethiopia]] visits Brazil, his [[Kebur Zabagna]] (Imperial Bodyguard) leads a military coup against his rule, proclaiming that the emperor's son, [[Crown Prince]] [[Amha Selassie|Asfaw Wossen Taffari]], is the new emperor.
** The countries of [[El Salvador]], [[Guatemala]], [[Honduras]], and [[Nicaragua]] announce the formation of the [[Central American Common Market]].
** The U.S. Navy's Commander Leroy Heath (pilot) and Lieutenant Larry Monroe (bombardier/navigator) establish a world flight-altitude record of {{convert|91,450|ft|m}}, with [[payload]], in an [[A-5 Vigilante]] [[bomber]] carrying {{convert|1000|kg|lb|order=flip|abbr=on}}, and better the previous world record by over {{convert|4|mi|km|spell=in}}.
* [[December 14]]
** [[Antoine Gizenga]] proclaims in the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] that he has taken over as the country's premier.
** [[Tied Test#First tied Test, 1960|The first tied test]] is held by the [[West Indian cricket team in Australia in 1960–61|West Indian cricket team in Australia]] in [[Brisbane]].
* [[December 15]]
** King [[Mahendra of Nepal]] deposes the democratic government in his country and takes direct control himself.
** King [[Baudouin of Belgium]] marries Doña [[Fabiola de Mora y Aragón]].
* [[December 16]]
** [[U.S. Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] [[Christian Herter]] announces that the United States will commit five [[nuclear submarine]]s and eighty [[Polaris missiles]] to the defense of the [[NATO]] countries by the end of 1963.
** [[1960 New York mid-air collision|New York mid-air collision]]: A [[United Airlines|United Air Lines]] [[DC-8]] collides in mid-air with a [[TWA]] [[Lockheed Constellation]] over [[Staten Island]] in New York City. All 128 passengers and crewmembers on the two airliners, and six people on the ground, are killed.
* [[December 17]] – Troops loyal to Emperor [[Haile Selassie]] in [[Ethiopia]] overcome the [[1960 Ethiopian coup attempt|coup]] that began on December 13, returning the reins to the Emperor upon his return from a trip to Brazil. The Emperor absolves his own son of any guilt.
* [[December 19]] – Fire sweeps through the [[USS Constellation (CV-64)|USS ''Constellation'']], to become the U.S. Navy's largest [[aircraft carrier]], while she is under construction at the [[Brooklyn Navy Yard]]; killing 50 workers and injuring 150.
* [[December 23]] – Hilkka Saarinen née Pylkkänen is murdered in the so-called the "[[oven homicide]]" case in Krootila, [[Kokemäki]], [[Finland]].<ref>Hannes Markkula: ''Kuusi suomalaista murhaa''. ([[Gummerus]], 1997) {{ISBN|951-20-5081-1}} (in Finnish)</ref>

===World population===
* [[World population]]: 3,021,475,000
** Africa: 277,398,000
** Asia: 1,701,336,000
** Europe: 604,401,000
** Latin America: 218,300,000
** North America: 204,152,000
** Oceania: 15,888,000