Editing 1953 (section)

==Events==

===January===
{{Main|January 1953}}
* [[January 6]] &ndash; The [[Asian Socialist Conference]] opens in [[Rangoon]], [[Burma]].
* [[January 12]] &ndash; [[Estonia]]n [[émigré]]s found a [[Estonian government-in-exile|government-in-exile]] in [[Oslo]].
* [[January 14]]
** Marshal [[Josip Broz Tito]] is chosen President of [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]].
** The [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]-sponsored [[Robertson Panel]] first meets to discuss the [[Unidentified flying object|UFO]] phenomenon.
* [[January 15]]
** [[Georg Dertinger]], foreign minister of [[East Germany]], is arrested for spying.
** British security forces in [[West Germany]] arrest 7 members of the [[Naumann Circle]], a clandestine [[Neo-Nazi]] organization.
* [[January 19]] &ndash; 71.1% of all television sets in the United States are tuned into ''[[I Love Lucy]]'', to watch Lucy give birth to Little Ricky, which is more people than those who tune into Dwight Eisenhower's inauguration the next day. This record is never broken.
* [[January 24]]
** [[Mau Mau Uprising]]: Rebels in [[Kenya]] kill the Ruck family (father, mother, and six-year-old son).
** Leader of East Germany [[Walter Ulbricht]] announces that agriculture will be [[Collectivization|collectivized]] in [[East Germany]].
* [[January 31]]–[[February 1]] &ndash; The [[North Sea flood of 1953]] kills 1,836 people in the southwestern Netherlands (especially [[Zeeland]]), 307 in the United Kingdom,<ref>{{Cite book|title=Agricultural Records|last=Stratton|first=J. M.|publisher=John Baker|year=1969|isbn=978-0-212-97022-3}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The great tide: The story of the 1953 flood disaster in Essex|last=Grieve|first=Hilda|year=1959|publisher=Essex County Council}}</ref> and several hundred at sea, including 133 on the ferry {{MV|Princess Victoria}} in the [[Irish Sea]].

===February===
{{Main|February 1953}}
* [[February 1]] &ndash; The surge of the [[North Sea flood of 1953|North Sea flood]] continues from the previous day.
* [[February 3]] &ndash; [[Batepá massacre]]: Hundreds of native [[Creole peoples#Former Spanish colonies|creole]]s, known as ''forros'', are massacred in [[São Tomé Island|São Tomé]], by the colonial administration and Portuguese landowners.
* [[February 11]]
** United States President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] refuses a clemency appeal for [[Ethel and Julius Rosenberg]].
** The [[Soviet Union]] breaks diplomatic relations with [[Israel]], after a bomb explodes at the Soviet Embassy, in reaction to the '[[Doctors' plot]]'.
* [[February 12]] &ndash; The [[Nordic Council]] is inaugurated.
* [[February 13]] &ndash; Transsexual [[Christine Jorgensen]] returns to New York after successful [[sex reassignment surgery]] in Denmark.
* [[February 19]] &ndash; [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] approves the first literature censorship board in the United States.
* [[February 28]]
** [[James Watson]] and [[Francis Crick]] of Britain's [[University of Cambridge]] announce their discovery of the structure of the [[DNA]] molecule.
** [[Kingdom of Greece|Greece]], [[Turkey]], and [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] sign the [[Balkan Pact (1953)|Balkan Pact]].

===March===
{{Main|March 1953}}
* [[March 1]]
** [[Joseph Stalin]] suffers a [[stroke]], after an all-night dinner with [[Soviet Union]] interior minister [[Lavrentiy Beria]] and future premiers [[Georgy Malenkov]], [[Nikolai Bulganin]], and [[Nikita Khrushchev]]. The stroke paralyzes the right side of his body and renders him unconscious until his death on [[March 5]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/0304/post-stalin.html|title=The Death of Stalin|first=Donna|last=Urschel|publisher=Library of Congress|access-date=August 9, 2010}}</ref>
** [[Bernard Freyberg, 1st Baron Freyberg]] is made deputy constable and lieutenant governor of [[Windsor Castle]].
* [[March 6]] &ndash; [[Georgy Malenkov]] succeeds [[Joseph Stalin]], as [[Premier of the Soviet Union|Premier]] and First Secretary of the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]].
* [[March 8]] &ndash; The [[Thief in law|Thieves World]], which has been transformed into the [[Russian mafia]], are freed from prisons by the Malenkov regime, ending the [[Bitch Wars]].
* [[March 13]] &ndash; The [[United Nations Security Council]] nominates [[Dag Hammarskjöld]] from [[Sweden]] as [[United Nations Secretary General]].
* [[March 14]] &ndash; [[Nikita Khrushchev]] is selected [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union]].
* [[March 17]] &ndash; The first [[Nuclear weapons testing|nuclear test]] of [[Operation Upshot–Knothole]] is conducted in [[Nevada]], with 1,620 spectators at {{convert|3.4|km|mi|abbr=on}}.
* [[March 18]] &ndash; The [[1953 Yenice–Gönen earthquake|Yenice–Gönen earthquake]] affects western [[Turkey]], with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (''violent''), causing at least 1,070 deaths, and $3.57 million in damage.
* [[March 19]] &ndash; The [[25th Academy Awards]] Ceremony is held (the first one broadcast on television).
* [[March 25]]–[[March 26|26]] &ndash; Lari Massacre in [[Kenya]]: [[Kenya Land and Freedom Army|Mau Mau]] rebels kill up to 150 [[Kikuyu people|Kikuyu]] natives.
* [[March 26]] &ndash; [[Jonas Salk]] announces his [[polio vaccine]].
* [[March 29]] &ndash; A fire at the Littlefield Nursing Home in [[Largo, Florida]], kills 33 persons, including singer-songwriter [[Arthur Fields]].

===April===
{{Main|April 1953}}
[[File:DNA Structure+Key+Labelled.png|thumb|right|180px|[[April 25]]: DNA [[double helix]] described.]]
* [[April 7]] &ndash; [[Dag Hammarskjöld]] is elected [[Secretary-General of the United Nations]].
* [[April 8]] &ndash; [[Jomo Kenyatta]] is sentenced to 7 years in prison for the alleged organization of the [[Mau Mau Uprising]] in the British [[Kenya Colony]].
* [[April 16]]
** President Eisenhower delivers his "Chance for Peace" speech, to the National Association of Newspaper Editors.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eisenhowermemorial.org/speeches/19530416%20Chance%20for%20Peace.htm |title=Chance for Peace Speech |date=April 16, 1953 |publisher=Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial Commission |access-date=August 9, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101122085615/http://eisenhowermemorial.org/speeches/19530416%20Chance%20for%20Peace.htm |archive-date=November 22, 2010 }}</ref>
** The Habar Corporation's building in Chicago, United States, catches fire, killing 35 employees.
* [[April 25]] &ndash; [[Francis Crick]] and [[James Watson]] publish "[[Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid]]", their description of the [[double helix]] structure of [[DNA]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Watson|first1=J. D.|last2=Crick|first2=F. H. C.|year=1953|url=http://www.nature.com/genomics/human/watson-crick/index.html|title=Molecular structure of nucleic acids: a structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid|volume=171|issue=4356|pages=737–738|journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]|access-date=August 9, 2010|doi=10.1038/171737a0|pmid=13054692|bibcode=1953Natur.171..737W|s2cid=4253007}}</ref>

===May===
{{Main|May 1953}}
[[File:Mount Everest, Himalayas.jpg|thumb|180px|[[May 29]]: [[Mount Everest]] conquered.]]
* [[May 2]] &ndash; [[Hussein of Jordan|Hussein]] is crowned [[King of Jordan]].<ref>{{cite news |title=King Hussein of Jordan |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |department=Royalty Obituaries |date=8 February 1999 |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/royalty-obituaries/7136625/King-Hussein-of-Jordan.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100211142338/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/royalty-obituaries/7136625/King-Hussein-of-Jordan.html |archive-date=11 February 2010 |access-date=17 May 2022}}</ref>
* [[May 5]] &ndash; [[Aldous Huxley]] first tries the [[Psychedelic drug|psychedelic]] hallucinogen [[mescaline]], inspiring his book ''[[The Doors of Perception]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Costandi |first=Mo |title=A brief history of psychedelic psychiatry |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/neurophilosophy/2014/sep/02/psychedelic-psychiatry |newspaper=The Guardian |department=Neuroscience |date=2 September 2014 |access-date=18 May 2022}}</ref>
* [[May 9]] 
** France agrees to the provisional independence of [[Cambodia]], with King [[Norodom Sihanouk]].
** [[Australian Senate election, 1953]]: The [[Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal]]/[[National Party of Australia|Country]] Coalition [[Menzies Government (1949-66)|Government]], led by Prime Minister [[Robert Menzies]], holds their [[Australian Senate|Senate]] majority, despite gains made by the [[Australian Labor Party|Labor Party]], led by [[H. V. Evatt]]. This is the first occasion where a Senate election is held without an accompanying [[Australian House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] election.
* [[May 11]] &ndash; [[1953 Waco tornado outbreak|Waco tornado outbreak]]: An [[Fujita scale|F5]] tornado hits in the downtown section of [[Waco, Texas]], killing 114.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |first=Roy Sylvan |last=Dunn |title=Tornadoes |encyclopedia=[[Handbook of Texas Online]] |access-date=17 May 2022 |url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/tornadoes |publisher=[[Texas State Historical Association]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/listevents.jsp?eventType=%28C%29+Tornado&beginDate_mm=05&beginDate_dd=09&beginDate_yyyy=1953&endDate_mm=05&endDate_dd=11&endDate_yyyy=1953&hailfilter=0.00&tornfilter=0&windfilter=000&sort=DT&submitbutton=Search&statefips=-999%2CALL |title=Search Results |work=Storm Events Database |publisher=[[National Centers for Environmental Information]], [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date=17 May 2022}}</ref>
* [[May 15]] &ndash; The [[Standards And Recommended Practices]] (SARPS) for [[Aeronautical Information Service]] (AIS) are adopted by the [[ICAO]] Council. These SARPS are in Annex 15 to the [[Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation|Chicago Convention]], and 15 May is celebrated by the AIS community as "World AIS Day".<ref>{{cite web |title=Annex 15 – Aeronautical Information Services |website=applications.icao.int |department=The Postal History of ICAO |access-date=31 May 2022 |url=https://applications.icao.int/postalhistory/annex_15_aeronautical_information_services.htm}}</ref>
* [[May 18]] &ndash; At [[Rogers Dry Lake]], Californian [[Jacqueline Cochran|Jackie Cochran]] becomes the first woman to exceed [[Speed of sound|Mach 1]], in a [[North American F-86 Sabre]] at {{convert|652.337|mph|kn km/h|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://airandspace.si.edu/stories/editorial/meet-jacqueline-cochran |last1=Cochrane |first1=Dorothy |last2=Ramirez |first2=P. |title=Meet Jacqueline Cochran |date=28 October 2021 |website=[[National Air and Space Museum]] |access-date=17 May 2022}}</ref>
* [[May 25]] &ndash; [[Nuclear testing]]: At the [[Nevada Test Site]], the United States conducts its only [[nuclear artillery]] test: [[Upshot-Knothole Grable]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Operation Upshot-Knothole – 1953 |url=https://www.radiochemistry.org/history/nuke_tests/upshot_knothole/index.html |website=Radiochemistry Society U.S. Nuclear Tests Info Gallery 1945-1962 |access-date=1 June 2022}}</ref>
* [[May 29]] &ndash; [[1953 British Mount Everest expedition]]: Sir [[Edmund Hillary]] from [[New Zealand]] and [[Tenzing Norgay]] from [[Nepal]] become the first men to reach the summit of [[Mount Everest]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://imagingeverest.rgs.org/Concepts/Imaging_Everest/-75.html |title=Mount Everest Expedition 1953 |website=Imaging Everest |publisher=[[Royal Geographical Society]], [[Institute of British Geographers]] |year=2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061539/http://imagingeverest.rgs.org/Concepts/Imaging_Everest/-75.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=17 May 2022}}</ref>

===June===
[[File:Elizabeth II waves from the palace balcony after the Coronation, 1953.jpg|thumb|180px|[[June 2]]: [[Elizabeth II]], Queen of the [[United Kingdom]] and the other [[Commonwealth realms]], crowned.]]
[[File:Julius and Ethel Rosenberg NYWTS.jpg|thumb|180px|[[June 19]]: [[Julius and Ethel Rosenberg]] executed.]]
{{Main|June 1953}}
* [[June 1]] &ndash; [[Uprising in Plzeň (1953)|Uprising in Plzeň]]: [[Currency]] reform causes riots in [[Czechoslovakia]].
* [[June 2]] &ndash; [[Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II|Elizabeth II is crowned Queen]] of the [[United Kingdom]] and the other [[Commonwealth realms]], at [[Westminster Abbey]].
* [[June 7]] &ndash; [[Italian general election, 1953|Italian general election]]: the [[Christian Democracy (Italy)|Christian Democracy]] party wins a plurality in both legislative houses.
* [[June 7]]–[[June 9|9]] &ndash; [[Flint–Worcester tornado outbreak sequence]]: A single storm-system spawns 46 [[tornado]]es of various sizes, in 10 states from Colorado to Massachusetts, over 3 days, killing 246.
* [[June 8]]
** On the second day of the Flint–Worcester tornado outbreak sequence, a tornado kills 116 in [[Flint, Michigan]]; it will be the last to claim more than 100 lives, until the [[2011 Joplin tornado]].
** Austria and the [[Soviet Union]] open [[diplomatic relations]].
* [[June 9]]
** On the third day of the Flint–Worcester tornado outbreak sequence, a tornado spawned from the same storm system as the Flint tornado the day before hits in [[Worcester, Massachusetts]], killing 94.
** CIA [[Technical Services Staff]] head [[Sidney Gottlieb]] approves of the use of [[LSD]] in an [[MKUltra]] subproject.
* [[June 13]] &ndash; Hungarian Prime Minister [[Mátyás Rákosi]] is replaced by [[Imre Nagy]].
* [[June 17]] &ndash; [[Uprising of 1953 in East Germany|Workers' Uprising in East Germany]]: The [[Soviet Union]] orders a [[Division (military)|Division]] of troops into [[East Berlin]] to quell a [[rebellion]].
* [[June 18]]
** [[Republic_of_Egypt_(1953–1958)|Egypt]] declares itself a [[republic]].
** [[Tachikawa air disaster]]: A United States Air Force [[Douglas C-124 Globemaster II]] crashes just after takeoff from [[Tachikawa Airfield]] near Tokyo, Japan, killing all 129 people on board in the worst air crash in history up to this time, and the first with a confirmed death toll exceeding 100.
* [[June 30]] &ndash; The first [[roll-on/roll-off]] ferry crossing of the [[English Channel]], [[Dover]]&ndash;[[Boulogne]], takes place.<ref>{{cite web|title=''Dinard'' &ndash; ''Viking''|url=http://www.simplonpc.co.uk/BR_Dinard.html|work=Simplon Postcards: The Passenger Ship Website|year=2005|access-date=2012-10-22}}</ref>

===July===
{{Main|July 1953}}
* [[July 3]] &ndash; The [[first ascent]] of [[Nanga Parbat]] in the Pakistan [[Himalayas]], the world's [[List of highest mountains|ninth highest mountain]], is made by Austrian climber [[Hermann Buhl]] alone on a [[1953 German–Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition|German–Austrian expedition]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Herrligkoffer |first1=Karl Maria |translator1-last=Brockett |translator1-first=Eleanor |translator2-last=Ehrenzweig |translator2-first=Anton |title=Nanga Parbat |date=1954 |publisher=Knopf |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/nangaparbat00herr|trans-title=Nanga Parbat 1953|pages=102–115}}</ref>
* [[July 9]]
** The U.S. Treasury formally renames the Bureau of Internal Revenue; the new name (which had previously been used informally) is the [[Internal Revenue Service]].
** Inauguration of the south lane of the [[Rodovia Anchieta]].
* [[July 10]] &ndash; The Soviet official newspaper ''[[Pravda]]'' announces that [[Lavrentiy Beria]] has been deposed as head of the [[NKVD]].
* [[July 17]] &ndash; The greatest recorded loss of United States [[midshipmen]] in a single event results from an [[USMC R4Q NROTC crash|aircraft crash]] near [[NAS Whiting Field]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=8407175|title=Historic Aircraft: The Flying Boxcar|publisher=eLibrary.ru|access-date=2012-01-19}}</ref>
* [[July 26]] &ndash; [[Fidel Castro]] and [[Raúl Castro|his brother]] lead a disastrous assault on the [[Moncada Barracks]], preliminary to the [[Cuban Revolution]].
* [[July 27]] &ndash; The [[Korean War]] ends, with the [[Korean Armistice Agreement]]: The [[United Nations Command (Korea)]] (United States), China and [[North Korea]] sign an [[armistice]] agreement at [[Panmunjom]], and the north remains [[Communism|communist]], while the [[South Korea|south]] remains [[Capitalism|capitalist]]. No formal peace treaty is ever signed.

===August===
{{Main|August 1953}}
* [[August 5]] &ndash; [[Operation Big Switch]]: [[Prisoners of war]] are repatriated to the United States after the [[Korean War]].
* [[August 8]] &ndash; Soviet prime minister [[Georgi Malenkov]] announces that the [[Soviet Union]] has a [[hydrogen bomb]].
* [[August 12]]
** The [[1953 Ionian earthquake]] of magnitude 7.2 totally devastates [[Cephalonia]] and most of the other [[Ionian Islands]], in Greece's worst natural disaster in centuries.
** [[Soviet atomic bomb project]]: "[[Joe 4]]", the first Soviet [[thermonuclear weapon]], is detonated at [[Semipalatinsk Test Site]], [[Kazakh SSR]].
* [[August 13]] &ndash; Four million workers go on strike in France to protest against [[austerity]] measures.
* [[August 15]]–[[August 19|19]] &ndash; [[Cold War]]: [[1953 Iranian coup d'état]] &ndash; Overthrow of the democratically elected [[Prime Minister of Iran]], [[Mohammad Mosaddegh]], by Iranian military in favour of strengthening the monarchical rule of the [[Shah]], [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]], with the support of the United States [[Central Intelligence Agency]] (as "Operation Ajax") and the United Kingdom.
* [[August 17]] &ndash; The first planning session of [[Narcotics Anonymous]] is held in Southern [[California]] (see [[October 5]]).
* [[August 20]] &ndash; The French government ousts King [[Mohammed V of Morocco]], and exiles him to [[Corsica]].
* [[August 22]] &ndash; The last prisoners are repatriated from [[Devil's Island]] to France.<ref>Toth, Stephen (2006) ''Beyond Papillon: The French Overseas Penal Colonies, 1854–1952.'' Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. {{ISBN|978-0803244498}}.</ref>
* [[August 25]] &ndash; The French [[general strike]] ends.
* August &ndash; [[High Arctic relocation]] of [[Inuit]] families by the [[Government of Canada]].

===September===
{{Main|September 1953}}
* [[September 4]] &ndash; The discovery of [[REM sleep]] is first published, by researchers [[Eugene Aserinsky]] and [[Nathaniel Kleitman]].
* [[September 5]] &ndash; The [[United Nations]] rejects the [[Soviet Union]]'s suggestion to accept [[China]] as a member.
* [[September 7]] &ndash; [[Nikita Khrushchev]] becomes head of the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] Central Committee.
* [[September 23]] &ndash; The [[Pact of Madrid]] is signed by [[Francoist Spain]] and the United States of America, ending a period of virtual isolation for Spain.
* [[September 25]] &ndash; The first German [[prisoners of war]] return from the [[Soviet Union]] to West Germany.
* [[September 26]] &ndash; [[Rationing]] of [[sugar]] ends in the UK.

===October===
{{Main|October 1953}}
* [[October]] &ndash; The [[UNIVAC 1103]] is the first commercial computer to use [[random-access memory]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Arrighi |first1=Robert S. |title=Bringing the Future Within Reach: Celebrating 75 Years of the NASA John H. Glenn Research Center |date=2016 |publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration |isbn=978-0-16-093210-6 |page=109 |url=https://history.nasa.gov/SP-2016-627.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://history.nasa.gov/SP-2016-627.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |access-date=January 16, 2019}}</ref>
*[[October 1]] &ndash; The [[Mutual Defense Treaty Between the United States and the Republic of Korea]] is concluded in Washington, D.C. <ref>{{cite web | url=https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/essays/us-korea-military-alliance | title=US-Korea Military Alliance &#124; Wilson Center Digital Archive }}</ref>
* [[October 5]]
** [[Earl Warren]] is appointed [[Chief Justice of the United States]], by President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]].
** The first meeting of [[Narcotics Anonymous]] is held (the first planning session was held August 17).
* [[October 6]] &ndash; [[UNICEF]], the United Nations Children's Fund, is made a permanent specialized agency of the [[United Nations]].
* [[October 9]]
** [[West German federal election, 1953]]: [[Konrad Adenauer]] is re-elected as German chancellor.
** Fearing communist influence in [[British Guiana]], the British Government suspends the constitution, declares a [[state of emergency]], and militarily occupies the colony.
* [[October 10]] &ndash; [[Roland (Monty) Burton]] wins the [[1953 London to Christchurch air race]], in under 23 hours flying time.
* [[October 12]] &ndash; The play ''[[The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial (play)|The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial]]'' opens at the [[Gerald Schoenfeld Theatre|Plymouth Theatre]], New York.
* [[October 22]] &ndash; [[Kingdom of Laos|Laos]] becomes independent from France.
* [[October 23]] &ndash; Alto Broadcasting System (ABS) in the [[Philippines]] makes the first television broadcast in [[southeast Asia]], through [[DZAQ-TV]]. Alto Broadcasting System is the predecessor of what will later become [[ABS-CBN Corporation]].
* [[October 30]] &ndash; [[Cold War]]: U.S. President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] formally approves the top secret document of the United States National Security Council [[NSC 162/2]], which states that the United States' arsenal of [[nuclear weapon]]s must be maintained and expanded to counter the [[Communism|communist]] threat.

===November===
{{Main|November 1953}}
* [[November 5]] &ndash; [[David Ben-Gurion]] resigns as [[prime minister]] of [[Israel]].
* [[November 9]]
** [[Kingdom of Cambodia (1953–70)|Cambodia]] becomes independent from France.
** The [[Laotian Civil War]] begins between the [[Kingdom of Laos]] and the [[Pathet Lao]], all the while resuming the [[First Indochina War]] against the [[French Army]] in a [[Two-front war]].
* [[November 20]]
** The [[Douglas D-558-2 Skyrocket]], piloted by [[Scott Crossfield]], becomes the first manned aircraft to reach [[Mach number|Mach]] 2.
** Authorities at the [[Natural History Museum, London]] announce that the [[Human skull|skull]] of [[Piltdown Man]] (allegedly an [[early human]] discovered in [[1912]]) is a [[hoax]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Solution of the Piltdown Problem|author1=Weiner, J. S.|author2-link=Kenneth Oakley|author2=Oakley, K. P.|author3-link=Wilfrid Le Gros Clark|author3=Le Gros Clark, W. E.|journal=Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology Series|volume=2|issue=3|pages=141–6|date=1953-11-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Piltdown Man forgery|newspaper=[[The Times]]|location=London|date=1953-11-21|page=6}}</ref>
* [[November 20]]&ndash;[[November 22|22]] &ndash; [[First Indochina War]]: [[Operation Castor]] &ndash; In a massive airborne operation in Vietnam, French forces establish a base at [[Điện Biên Phủ]].
* [[November 21]] &ndash; [[Puerto Williams]] is founded in Chile, as the southernmost settlement of the world.
* [[November 25]] &ndash; [[Match of the Century (1953 England v Hungary football match)]]: The [[England national football team]] loses 6–3 to [[Hungary national football team|Hungary]] at [[Wembley Stadium (1923)|Wembley Stadium]], their first ever loss to a continental team at home.
* [[November 29]] &ndash; [[First Indochina War]]: [[Battle of Dien Bien Phu]] &ndash; French [[paratrooper]]s consolidate their position at [[Điện Biên Phủ]].
* [[November 30]] &ndash; [[Kabaka crisis]]: [[Mutesa II of Buganda|Edward Mutesa II]], the ''[[Kabaka of Buganda|kabaka]]'' (king) of [[Buganda]], is deposed and exiled to London by [[Andrew Cohen (colonial governor)|Sir Andrew Benjamin Cohen]], Governor of [[Protectorate of Uganda|Uganda]].

===December===
{{Main|December 1953}}
* [[December 2]] &ndash; The United Kingdom and [[Pahlavi Iran|Iran]] reform [[diplomatic relations]].
* [[December 6]] &ndash; With the [[NBC Symphony Orchestra]], conductor [[Arturo Toscanini]] performs what he claims is his favorite [[Beethoven]] symphony, ''[[Symphony No. 3 (Beethoven)|Eroica]]'', for the last time. The live performance is broadcast across the United States on radio, and later released on records and CD.
* [[December 7]] &ndash; A visit to Iran by American Vice President [[Richard Nixon]] sparks several days of riots, as a reaction to the August 19 overthrow of the government of Mohammed Mossadegh by the U.S.-backed Shah. Three students are shot dead by police in Tehran. This event becomes an annual commemoration.
* [[December 8]] &ndash; U.S. President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] delivers his ''[[Atoms for Peace]]'' address, to the [[United Nations General Assembly]].
* [[December 17]] &ndash; The U.S. [[Federal Communications Commission]] (FCC) approves [[color television]] (using the [[NTSC]] standard).
* [[December 23]] &ndash; The [[Soviet Union]] announces officially that [[Lavrentiy Beria]] has been executed.
* [[December 24]] &ndash; [[Tangiwai disaster]]: A railway bridge collapses at [[Tangiwai]], New Zealand, sending a fully loaded passenger train into the [[Whangaehu River]]; 151 are killed.
* [[December 25]] &ndash; The [[Amami Islands]] are returned to Japan, after 8 years of United States military occupation.
* [[December 30]] &ndash; [[Ramon Magsaysay]] becomes the 7th [[President of the Philippines]].

===Date unknown===
* Global meat packing industry [[JBS S.A.|JBS]] is founded in [[Anapolis, Goias]], Brazil.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kerenblankfeld/2011/04/21/jbs-the-story-behind-the-worlds-biggest-meat-producer/2/ |title=JBS: The Story Behind the World's Biggest Meat Producer |date=May 9, 2011 |author=Keren Blankfeld |work=Forbes |access-date=December 2, 2020}}</ref>
* China First Building Corporation, a partial predecessor of [[China State Construction Engineering]], is founded in Beijing.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Channelweb srl|title=China Construction First Group Construction & Development Co., Ltd. {{!}} OpenCorporation |url=https://www.opencorporation.org/en/company/china-construction-first-division-group-construction-development-co-ltd |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=opencorporation.org}}</ref>