Editing 1948 (section)

==Events==
===January===
{{Main|January 1948}}
* [[January 1]]
** The [[General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade]] (GATT) is inaugurated.<ref>{{cite book|author=K.R. Gupta|title=World Trade Organisation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mSaz5tSI8dIC&pg=PA21|year=2006|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=978-81-7156-888-8|pages=21}}</ref>
** The current [[Constitution]]s of [[Constitution of Italy|Italy]] and of [[Constitution of New Jersey|New Jersey]] (both later subject to amendment) go into effect.<ref>{{cite book|title=Florida Law Journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0AkOAQAAMAAJ|year=1948|publisher=Florida State Bar Association|page=6}}</ref>
** The railways of Britain are nationalized, to form [[British Rail]]ways.<ref>{{cite book|author=Russell Haywood|title=Railways, Urban Development and Town Planning in Britain: 1948–2008|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xgjPCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT79|date=23 March 2016|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-07164-8|pages=79}}</ref>
* [[January 4]] &ndash; [[British rule in Burma|Burma]] gains its independence from the United Kingdom, becoming an independent republic, named the '[[Post-independence Burma (1948–1962)|Union of Burma']], with [[Sao Shwe Thaik]] as its first President and [[U Nu]] its first Prime Minister.
* [[January 5]] &ndash; In the United States:
** [[Warner Brothers]] shows the first color [[newsreel]] (''[[Tournament of Roses Parade]]'' and the ''[[Rose Bowl Game]]'').
** The first [[Kinsey Reports|Kinsey Report]], ''Sexual Behavior in the Human Male'', is published.
* [[January 7]] &ndash; [[Mantell UFO incident]]: [[Kentucky Air National Guard]] pilot Thomas Mantell crashes while in pursuit of an [[unidentified flying object]].
* [[January 12]] &ndash; [[Mahatma Gandhi]] begins his fast-unto-death in [[Delhi]], to stop communal violence during the [[Partition of India]].
* [[January 17]] &ndash; A truce is declared between nationalist Indonesian and Dutch troops in [[Java]].
* [[January 22]] &ndash; British foreign secretary [[Ernest Bevin]] proposes the formation of a Western Union between Britain, France and the [[Benelux]] countries to stand up against the Soviet Union. The [[Treaty of Brussels]] is signed [[March 17]] as a consequence, a predecessor to [[NATO]].
* [[January 26]] &ndash; Teigin poison case: a man masquerading as a doctor poisons 12 of 16 bank employees of the Tokyo branch of Imperial Bank and takes the money; artist [[Sadamichi Hirasawa]] is later sentenced to death for the crime, but is never executed.
* [[January 29]] &ndash; [[1948 Los Gatos DC-3 crash|A DC-3 aircraft crash at Los Gatos Creek]], near [[Coalinga, California]], kills 4 US citizens and 28 deportees, commemorated in a protest song ("[[Deportee (Plane Wreck at Los Gatos)]]") by [[Woody Guthrie]].
* [[January 30]]
** [[Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi]]: Indian pacifist and leader [[Mahatma Gandhi]] is shot by [[Nathuram Godse]] in [[New Delhi]].
** The [[1948 Winter Olympics]] open in [[St Moritz]], Switzerland.
* [[January 31]] &ndash; The British [[crown colony]] of the [[Malayan Union]], [[Penang]] and [[Malacca]] form the [[Federation of Malaya]].<ref>Cabinet Memorandum by the Secretary of State for the Colonies (UK). February 21, 1956. {{sourcetext|source=Federation of Malaya Agreement}}</ref>

===February===
{{Main|February 1948}}
* [[February 1]] 
** The [[Soviet Union]] begins to jam [[Voice of America]] broadcasts.
** The [[Federation of Malaya]] is proclaimed.
* [[February 4]] &ndash; [[British Ceylon|Ceylon]] (later known as [[Sri Lanka]]) becomes an independent country, within the [[Commonwealth of Nations|British Commonwealth]] continuing to adopt King [[George VI]] as the [[Dominion of Ceylon|King of Ceylon]].
* [[February 11]] &ndash; General [[Douglas Gracey]] becomes [[Commander-in-chief]] of [[Pakistan Army]].
* [[February 16]] &ndash; [[Miranda (moon)|Miranda]], innermost of the large [[moons of Uranus]], is discovered by [[Gerard Kuiper]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Moore|first=Patrick|author-link=Patrick Moore|year=1995|title=The Guinness Book of Astronomy|edition=5th|location=Enfield, UK|publisher=Guinness Publishing|isbn=085112643X|page=110}}</ref>
* [[February 18]] &ndash; [[Éamon de Valera]], Irish head of government from 1918 to 1932, loses power to an opposition coalition. [[John A. Costello]] is appointed [[Taoiseach]] by President [[Seán T. O'Kelly]], until [[1960]].
* [[February 19]] &ndash; The [[Conference of Youth and Students of Southeast Asia Fighting for Freedom and Independence]] convenes in [[Calcutta]].
* [[February 21]] &ndash; The United States [[stock car racing]] organization [[NASCAR]] is founded by [[Bill France Sr.]] with other drivers.<ref>{{cite web|title=History of NASCAR|url=http://hometracks.nascar.com/nascar_101/history_of_nascar|publisher=NASCAR|date=2010-08-17|access-date=2017-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530103445/http://hometracks.nascar.com/nascar_101/history_of_nascar|archive-date=May 30, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[February 22]] &ndash; The first of the [[Ben Yehuda Street bombings]] in Jerusalem kills between 49 and 58 civilians and injures between 140 and 200.
* [[February 25]] &ndash; [[1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état]]: [[Edvard Beneš]], [[President of Czechoslovakia]], cedes control of the country to the [[Communist Party of Czechoslovakia|Communist Party]], a day celebrated by that regime as "[[Victorious February]]" ({{langx|cs|Vítězný únor|links=no}}; {{langx|sk|Víťazný Február}}) until [[November 1989]].
* [[February 28]]
**[[1948 Accra Riots|Accra Riots]]: Riots take place in [[Accra]], capital of the British colony of [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]], when a peaceful protest march by ex-servicemen is broken up by police, leaving several members of the group dead, among them Sergeant Adjetey, one of the leaders.
**The [[2nd Congress of the Communist Party of India]] convenes in [[Calcutta]].

===March===
{{Main|March 1948}}
* [[March 8]] &ndash; ''[[McCollum v. Board of Education]]'': The [[United States Supreme Court]] rules that religious instruction in public schools violates the [[United States Constitution|U.S. Constitution]].
* [[March 12]] &ndash; The [[Costa Rican Civil War]] begins.
* [[March 17]]
** The [[Treaty of Brussels]] is signed by Belgium, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, providing for economic, social and cultural collaboration and collective self-defence.
** The [[Hells Angels]] motorcycle gang is founded in [[California]].
* [[March 18]] &ndash; The Round Table Conference convenes in [[The Hague]], Netherlands, to prepare the decolonization process for the Caribbean island of [[Aruba]] and the other Dutch Colonies. Aruba presents the mandate of the Aruban People for Aruba to become an independent country, under the sovereignty of the House of Orange, based on Aruba's first state constitution presented officially since August 1947, and a (4th) member state of the future Dutch Commonwealth.
* [[March 20]]
** [[Colony of Singapore|Singapore]] holds its first elections.
** Renowned Italian conductor [[Arturo Toscanini]] makes his television debut, conducting the [[NBC Symphony Orchestra]] in an all-[[Richard Wagner|Wagner]] program in the United States.
** The [[20th Academy Awards]] Ceremony is held in Los Angeles. ''[[Gentleman's Agreement]]'' wins the [[Academy Award for Best Picture]].
*[[March 25]] &ndash; The [[American trusteeship proposal for Palestine|United States Proposal for Temporary United Nations Trusteeship for Palestine]] is announced by [[Harry S. Truman]].

===April===
{{Main|April 1948}}
* [[April]] &ndash; Children's Bargain Town, a predecessor of [[toy]] and child-related [[retail]]er [[Toys "R" Us]], is founded in [[Washington, D.C.]], United States.<ref name=nytimes_lazarus>{{cite news|first=Michael|last=Corkery|title=Charles P. Lazarus, Toys 'R' Us Founder, Dies at 94|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/22/obituaries/charles-p-lazarus-toys-r-us-founder-dies-at-94.html|work=The New York Times|date=March 22, 2018|access-date=September 25, 2023}}</ref>  
* [[April 1]] &ndash; Physicists [[Ralph Asher Alpher]] and [[George Gamow]] publish the [[Alpher–Bethe–Gamow paper]], about the [[Big Bang]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Alpher|first1=R. A.|first2=H.|last2=Bethe|author-link2=Hans Bethe|first3=G.|last3=Gamow|date=1948-04-01|title=The Origin of Chemical Elements|journal=[[Physical Review]]|location=United States|volume=73|issue=7|pages=803–804|doi=10.1103/PhysRev.73.803|bibcode=1948PhRv...73..803A|doi-access=free}}</ref>
* [[April 3]]
** United States President [[Harry S. Truman]] signs the [[Marshall Plan]], which authorizes $5&nbsp;billion in aid for 16 countries.
** [[Jeju Uprising]]: Residents revolt on [[Jeju island]], South Korea, eventually leading to the deaths of between 14,000 and 30,000.
** [[Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven)|Beethoven's Symphony No. 9]] is played on television in its entirety for the first time, in a series of concerts featuring [[Arturo Toscanini]] conducting the [[NBC Symphony Orchestra]] in the United States. The chorus is conducted by [[Robert Shaw (conductor)|Robert Shaw]].
* [[April 5]] &ndash; [[1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine]]: Haganah launches [[Operation Nachshon]], provoking the [[1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight]].
* [[April 6]] &ndash; The [[Finno-Soviet Treaty of 1948|Finno-Soviet Treaty]] is signed in Moscow.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Finland Vindicated |first=John |last=Lukacs |journal=[[Foreign Affairs (journal)|Foreign Affairs]] |volume=71 |issue=4 |year=1992 |pages=50–63 |doi=10.2307/20045309 |jstor=20045309 |url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/russia-fsu/1992-09-01/finland-vindicated}}</ref>
* [[April 7]]&ndash; The [[World Health Organization]] is established by the United Nations.
* [[April 9]]
** Liberal politician [[Jorge Eliécer Gaitán]]'s assassination provokes a violent riot in [[Bogotá]] (the ''[[Bogotazo]]'') and a further 10 years of violence (''[[La Violencia]]'') across Colombia.
** The [[Deir Yassin massacre]] takes place in British [[Mandatory Palestine]].
* [[April 13]] &ndash; The [[Hadassah medical convoy massacre]] takes place, in British [[Mandatory Palestine]].
* [[April 16]] &ndash; The [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] is founded, as the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC).
* [[April 18]] &ndash; [[Italian general election, 1948]]: The first democratic general election with [[universal suffrage]] is held in Italy. The [[Christian Democracy (Italy)|Christian Democracy]] party achieves a majority over the [[Popular Democratic Front (Italy)|Popular Democratic Front]] Communist-Socialist coalition.
* [[April 19]] 
** [[Burma]] joins the United Nations.
** The [[American Broadcasting Company]] (otherwise known as ABC) begins television services, on WFIL-TV in [[Philadelphia]] (later [[WPVI-TV]]).
* [[April 22]]
** Civil War in Mandatory Palestine: [[Battle of Haifa (1948)|Battle of Haifa]] &ndash; Jewish paramilitary group [[Haganah]] captures [[Haifa]] from the [[Arab Liberation Army]].
** [[WTVR-TV|WTVR]] begins television services. WTVR is the first TV station south of Washington D.C., giving it the nickname "The South's First Television station".
* [[April 23]] &ndash; First [[National Games of Pakistan]] held in [[Karachi]].
* [[April 24]] &ndash; The [[Costa Rican Civil War]] ends.
* [[April 30]] 
** The [[Organization of American States]] (OAS) is founded.
** The English-built [[Land Rover]] is unveiled at the Amsterdam Motor Show.

===May===
{{Main|May 1948}}
* [[May]] &ndash; The [[RAND Corporation]] is established, as an independent nonprofit policy research and analysis institution, in the United States.
* [[May 9]] &ndash; [[Solar eclipse of May 9, 1948]]: An annular solar eclipse is visible in Japan and South Korea, and is the 32nd solar eclipse of [[Solar Saros 137]]. This eclipse is very short, lasting just 0.3 seconds. The path width is just about 200 meters wide (approximately 218 yards).
* [[May 11]] &ndash; [[Luigi Einaudi]] becomes [[President of the Italian Republic]].
[[File:Declaration of State of Israel 1948 2.jpg|thumb|[[Israeli Declaration of Independence]], 1948]]
* [[May 14]] &ndash; The [[Israeli Declaration of Independence]] is made. [[David Ben-Gurion]] becomes the first prime minister, a provisional position that will become formalized on February 14, 1949.<ref name=":0">{{Citation |last=Erakat |first=Noura |title=Chapter 1. COLONIAL ERASURES |date=2019-04-23 |work=Justice for Some |pages=23–60 |url=https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781503608832-004/html |access-date=2025-04-11 |publisher=Stanford University Press |language=en |doi=10.1515/9781503608832-004 |isbn=978-1-5036-0883-2}}</ref>
* [[May 15]]
** [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]]: The [[Mandatory Palestine|British Mandate of Palestine]] is officially terminated; expeditionary forces from [[Egypt]], [[Jordan|Transjordan]], [[Syria]] and [[Iraq]] invade [[Israel]] and clash with Israeli forces after declaring war.<ref name=":0" />
** The [[murder of June Anne Devaney]] a 3-year-old girl in [[Blackburn]], England. To solve the crime, officers took 46,253 sets of [[fingerprint]]s before identifying her murderer.
** [[Australian cricket team in England in 1948]]: The touring [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]]ns set an all-time [[First-class cricket|first-class]] record, by scoring 721 runs in a day against [[Essex County Cricket Club|Essex]].
* [[May 16]]
** [[Chaim Weizmann]] is elected as the first [[President of Israel]]
** [[New York City Fire Department]] Rescue 5 is founded for [[Staten Island]].
* [[May 18]] &ndash; The first [[Legislative Yuan]] of the [[Republic of China (1912–49)|Republic of China]] officially convenes in [[Nanjing]].
* [[May 22]] &ndash; The Soviets launch [[Operation Vesna]], the largest Lithuanian deportation to Siberia.
* [[May 25]] &ndash; The United Church of Christ in the Philippines (UCCP) is founded at Ellinwood Malate Church in Manila.
* [[May 26]] &ndash; The [[United States Congress]] passes Public Law 557 which permanently establishes the [[Civil Air Patrol]] as the auxiliary of the [[United States Air Force]].
* [[May 28]] &ndash; [[Daniel François Malan]] defeats [[Jan Smuts]] and becomes Prime Minister of [[South Africa]], which starts the era of [[apartheid]] (which is finally dismantled by [[F. W. de Klerk]] in [[1994]]).
* [[May 29]] &ndash; The [[Casimir effect]] is predicted by Dutch physicist [[Hendrik Casimir]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Casimir|first=H. B. G.|date=1948|title=On the attraction between two perfectly conducting plates|url=https://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00018547.pdf|journal=Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wet.|volume=51|pages=793}}</ref>
* [[May 30]] &ndash; A dike along the [[Columbia River]] breaks, obliterating [[Vanport, Oregon]], within minutes; 15 people die and tens of thousands are left homeless.

===June===
{{Main|June 1948}}
* [[June 1]] &ndash; [[Puma (brand)|Puma]], a global [[sports goods]] brand, is founded in [[Bavaria]], [[West Germany]], by [[Rudolf Dassler]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Puma AG Rudolf Dassler Sport|publisher=Fundinguniverse.com|url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Puma-AG-Rudolf-Dassler-Sport-Company-History.html|access-date=2020-11-25}}</ref> having split from his brother "[[Adolf Dassler|Adi]]".
* [[June 3]] &ndash; The [[Palomar Observatory]] telescope is finished in California.
* [[June 10]] &ndash; [[Hasan Saka]] forms the new government of Turkey. (17th government; Hasan Saka had served twice as a prime minister)
* [[June 11]] &ndash; The first [[monkeys in space|monkey astronaut]], Albert I, is launched into space from White Sands, New Mexico.
* [[June 15]] &ndash; Chinese newspaper ''Renmin Ribao'' (''[[People's Daily]]'') is first published in Beijing, China.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Renmin-Ribao|title=Renmin Ribao {{!}} Chinese newspaper|website=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=2019-11-21}}</ref>
* [[June 17]] &ndash; [[United Airlines Flight 624]], a [[Douglas DC-6]], crashes near [[Mount Carmel, Pennsylvania]], killing 43 and injuring 84 people on board.
* [[June 18]]  
** [[Malayan Emergency]]: A [[state of emergency]] is declared in the [[Federation of Malaya]], due to a communist insurgency.
** Columbia Records introduces its {{frac|33|1|3}} rpm [[LP record|long playing phonograph]] format.
* [[June 20]] &ndash; The [[U.S. Congress]] recesses for the remainder of 1948, after an overtime session closes at 7:00&nbsp;a.m.  (to be shortly interrupted by Truman's recall from Congressional recess for July 20, 1948).
* [[June 21]]
** The [[Deutsche Mark]] becomes the official currency of the future [[West Germany|Federal Republic of Germany]].
** The [[Manchester Baby]] becomes the first [[stored-program computer]] to successfully execute a program.
* [[June 22]] 
**The ship {{HMT|Empire Windrush||6}} brings more than 800 Afro-Caribbean immigrants to [[Tilbury]] near London, the start of a large wave of immigration to Britain.
**[[David Lean]]'s ''[[Oliver Twist (1948 film)|Oliver Twist]]'', based on [[Charles Dickens]]'s famous novel, premieres in the UK. It is banned for 3 years in the U.S., because of alleged [[antisemitism]] in depicting master criminal [[Fagin]], played by [[Alec Guinness]].
[[Image:C-54 landing at Tempelhof 1948.jpg|thumb|A [[C-54 Skymaster]] landing at [[Berlin Tempelhof Airport]]]]
* [[June 24]]
** [[Cold War]]: The [[Berlin Blockade]] begins.
** The first [[World Health Assembly]] of the [[World Health Organization]] is held in Geneva.
* [[June 26]]
** [[William Shockley]] files the original patent for the [[grown-junction transistor]], the first [[bipolar junction transistor]].
** The [[Berlin Blockade|Berlin Airlift]] begins.
* [[June 28]]
** The [[Cominform]] Resolution marks the beginning of the [[Informbiro period]] in [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] and the [[Soviet–Yugoslav split|Soviet/Yugoslav split]]. 
** The 6.8 {{M|w|link=y}} [[1948 Fukui earthquake|Fukui earthquake]] strikes [[Fukui, Fukui|Fukui]], Japan; 3,769 are killed, 22,203 injured.
** [[Lotte Holdings|Lotte Group]], a global [[Conglomerate (company)|conglomerate]] in [[Northeast Asia]] ([[South Korea]] and [[Japan]]), is founded.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}

===July===
{{Main|July 1948}}
* [[July 5]] &ndash; The [[National Health Service]] in the United Kingdom begins functioning, giving the right to universal healthcare, free at point of use.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfour/lostdecade/timeline_html.shtml|title=The Lost Decade Timeline|publisher=BBC|access-date=2007-09-25|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060821133044/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfour/lostdecade/timeline_html.shtml|archive-date=2006-08-21}}</ref>
* [[July 6]] &ndash; The world's first Air Car-ferry service is flown by a Bristol Freighter of Silver City Airways, from [[Lympne]] to [[Le Touquet]] across the [[English Channel]].
* [[July 13]] &ndash; The [[Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria]] and [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church]]es reach an agreement, leading to the promotion of the Ethiopian church to the rank of an autocephalous [[Patriarch]]ate. Five [[bishop]]s are immediately consecrated by the [[Patriarch of Alexandria]] and the successor to Abuna Qerellos IV is granted the power to consecrate new bishops, who are empowered to elect a new Patriarch for their church.
* [[July 14]] &ndash; The attempted assassination of [[Palmiro Togliatti]], general secretary of the [[Italian Communist Party]], results in numerous strikes all over the country.
* [[July 15]] &ndash; The first London chapter of [[Alcoholics Anonymous]] is founded.
* [[July 16]] &ndash; Three armed men hijack the [[Cathay Pacific]] passenger plane ''[[Miss Macao]]'' and shoot the pilot; the plane crashes, killing 26 of 27 people on board.
* [[July 20]] &ndash; [[Cold War]]: 
** President [[Harry S. Truman]] issues the second peacetime [[military draft]] in the United States, amid increasing tensions with the [[Soviet Union]] (the first peacetime draft occurred in 1940 under President Roosevelt)
** [[Eugene Dennis]], [[William Z. Foster]] and ten other [[Communist Party USA]] leaders are arrested and charged under the [[Alien Registration Act]].
* [[July 22]] &ndash; The [[Dominion of Newfoundland]] votes to join Canada, after a [[Newfoundland referendums, 1948|referendum]].
* [[July 26]] &ndash; U.S. President Truman signs [[Executive Order 9981]], ending [[racial segregation]] in the [[United States Armed Forces]].
* [[July 28]] &ndash; Around 200 die in an explosion at a chemical plant in [[Ludwigshafen]], Germany.
* [[July 29]] &ndash; The [[1948 Summer Olympics]] begin in London, the first since the [[1936 Summer Olympics]] in Berlin.
* [[July 31]]
** At Idlewild Field in New York, New York International Airport (later renamed [[John F. Kennedy International Airport]]) is dedicated.
** American defector [[Elizabeth Bentley]], previously working on behalf of the Soviet Union, appears under subpoena before the [[House Un-American Activities Committee]] (HUAC) of the [[United States House of Representatives]] regarding Communist espionage; she implicates [[Whittaker Chambers]].
* July–October &ndash; [[Claude E. Shannon]] publishes "[[A Mathematical Theory of Communication]]" in ''[[Bell System Technical Journal]]'' (US), regarded as a foundation of [[information theory]]<ref>{{cite journal|last=James|first=Ioan|year=2009|title=Claude Elwood Shannon 30 April 1916 – 24 February 2001|journal=[[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]]|volume=55|pages=257–265|doi=10.1098/rsbm.2009.0015|doi-access=free}}</ref> and all modern digital communications, which also led to the adoption of the term ''[[bit]]''.

===August===
{{Main|August 1948}}
* [[August 3]] &ndash; [[Whittaker Chambers]] appears under subpoena before the [[HUAC]] and alleges that several former U.S. Federal officials were communists, including [[Harry Dexter White]] and [[Alger Hiss]].
* [[August 5]] &ndash; [[Alger Hiss]] appears before the [[HUAC]], to deny the allegations of [[Whittaker Chambers]].
* [[August 10]]&ndash;[[August 23|23]] &ndash; The [[Herrenchiemsee convention]] prepares the draft for the [[Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany]].
* [[August 12]] &ndash; [[Babrra massacre]]: About 600 unarmed members of the [[Khudai Khidmatgar]] movement are shot dead on the orders of the Chief Minister of the [[North-West Frontier Province (1901–2010)|North-West Frontier Province]], [[Abdul Qayyum Khan]] Kashmiri, on Babrra ground in the [[Hashtnagar]] region of [[Charsadda District, Pakistan|Charsadda District]], North-West Frontier Province (modern-day [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]), [[Pakistan]].
* [[August 13]] &ndash; [[Harry Dexter White]] and [[Donald Hiss]] refute allegations of [[Communism]] by [[Whittaker Chambers]], before the [[HUAC]].
* [[August 14]] &ndash; [[1948 Ashes series]]: Australian [[batsman]] [[Don Bradman]], playing his last [[Test cricket]] match, against England at [[The Oval]], is bowled by [[Eric Hollies]] for a [[Duck (cricket)|duck]] (leaving his career Test [[Batting average (cricket)|batting average]] at 99.94); however, [[Australian cricket team in England in 1948|"The Invincibles"]] win the match by an [[innings]] and 149 runs, and [[The Ashes]] 4–0.
* [[August 14]] &ndash; [[Beaver drop]], an [[Idaho Department of Fish and Game]] program to relocate [[beavers]] from Northwestern Idaho to the [[Chamberlain Basin]] in Central Idaho. The program involved parachuting beavers into the Chamberlain Basin.<ref name="Ngeo">{{cite news |last1=Sherriff |first1=Lucy |date=September 16, 2021 |title=Why beavers were parachuted into the Idaho wilderness 73 years ago |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/why-beavers-were-parachuted-into-the-idaho-wilderness |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210916145417/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/why-beavers-were-parachuted-into-the-idaho-wilderness |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 16, 2021 |work=[[National Geographic]] |access-date=February 25, 2023 |quote=The traditional way of relocating 'nuisance' beavers in the 1940s wasn't working. To increase the survival rate, one conservation officer turned to—yes—parachutes.}}</ref>
* [[August 15]] &ndash; The southern half of Korea is established as the [[Republic of Korea|Republic of Korea (South Korea)]].
* [[August 17]] &ndash; The [[HUAC]] holds a private session between [[Alger Hiss]] and [[Whittaker Chambers]].
* [[August 18]] &ndash; The [[Danube Commission]] is created by the [[Belgrade]] Convention (enters into force [[11 May]] [[1949]]).
* [[August 19]] &ndash; [[Toho strikes]]: A [[sitdown strike]] at [[Toho]] film studio in [[Tokyo]] ended after the studio was surrounded by 2,000 police and a platoon of [[U.S. Eighth Army]] soldiers.
* [[August 20]] &ndash; [[Lee Pressman]], [[Nathan Witt]] and [[John Abt]], represented by [[Harold I. Cammer]], plead the [[Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Fifth Amendment]], in response to allegations of Communism by [[Whittaker Chambers]] before the [[HUAC]].
* [[August 23]] &ndash; The [[World Council of Churches]] is established in [[Amsterdam]], the Netherlands.
* [[August 24]] &ndash; The first meeting of the charter members of the American Chamber of Commerce in Japan (ACCJ) is held.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.accj.or.jp/history |title=ACCJ Online History Timeline |access-date=2008-09-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080917092752/http://www.accj.or.jp/history/ |archive-date=September 17, 2008 }}</ref>
* [[August 25]] &ndash; The [[HUAC]] holds its first-ever televised congressional hearing, featuring "Confrontation Day" between [[Whittaker Chambers]] and [[Alger Hiss]].
* [[August 27]] &ndash; [[Whittaker Chambers]] states that [[Alger Hiss]] was a communist on ''[[Meet the Press]]'' radio.

===September===
{{Main|September 1948}}
* [[September 4]] &ndash; Queen [[Wilhelmina of the Netherlands]] abdicates for health reasons.
* [[September 5]] &ndash; [[Robert Schuman]] becomes Prime Minister of France.
* [[September 6]] &ndash; [[Juliana of the Netherlands|Juliana]] is formally [[Inauguration of the Dutch monarch|inaugurated]] to succeed her mother, as queen regnant of the Netherlands.
* [[September 9]] &ndash; The northern half of Korea is formally declared the [[North Korea|Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea)]], with [[Kim Il Sung]] as prime minister.
* [[September 11]] &ndash; [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]], founder and first [[Governor-General of Pakistan]], dies. Pakistan is in a state of shock as it mourns the departure of the father of the nation. The day is a [[Quaid-i-Azam Day|public holiday]] nationwide.
* [[September 13]]&ndash;[[September 18|18]] &ndash; [[Indian annexation of Hyderabad]] ("Operation Polo"): The [[princely state]] of [[State of Hyderabad|Hyderabad]] is invaded by the [[Indian Armed Forces]] in a "[[police action]]", in the aftermath of Pakistani leader [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah|Jinnah]]'s death. The [[Nizam of Hyderabad]] surrenders his state, which is amalgamated into the newly independent [[Dominion of India]]; thousands are killed as a result of this event.
* [[September 13]] – [[Margaret Chase Smith]] is elected United States Senator, becoming the first woman to serve in both the [[U.S. House of Representatives]] and the United States Senate.
* [[September 17]] &ndash; [[Lehi (group)|Lehi]] members, also known as the Stern Gang, assassinate Swedish count [[Folke Bernadotte]], United Nations Mediator in Palestine, in Jerusalem.
* [[September 18]] &ndash; An inaugural motor race is held at [[Goodwood Circuit]], West Sussex, England.
* [[September 20]] &ndash; The city of [[Rabwah]] is established in Pakistan.
* [[September 27]] &ndash; [[Alger Hiss]] files a slander suit against [[Whittaker Chambers]], for his August 27 radio statement in the United States.
* [[September 29]] &ndash; [[Laurence Olivier]]'s film of ''[[Hamlet (1948 film)|Hamlet]]'' opens in the U.S.

===October===
{{Main|October 1948}}
* [[October 5]] &ndash; The International Union for the Protection of Nature (later known as the [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]], IUCN) is established in [[Fontainebleau]], France.
* [[October 6]] &ndash; [[1948 Ashgabat earthquake]]: A 7.3 {{M|s|link=y}} earthquake near [[Ashgabat]], [[Soviet Turkmenistan]] kills 10,000–110,000.
* [[October 10]] &ndash; The [[R-1 (missile)|R-1 missile]] on test becomes the first [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] launch to enter space.
* [[October 16]] &ndash; The [[57th Street Art Fair]] in Chicago, the oldest juried art fair in the American Midwest, is founded.
* [[October 20]] &ndash; [[Brandeis University]] is formally founded in [[Massachusetts]].
* [[October 26]] &ndash; [[Donora Smog of 1948]]: A killer smog settles into [[Donora, Pennsylvania]].
* [[October 29]] &ndash; [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]]: Massacres of Palestinian Arab villagers by the [[Israel Defense Forces]]:
** [[Al-Dawayima massacre]]: Between 30 and 145 are killed.
** [[Safsaf massacre]]: At least 52 are killed.
* [[October 30]] &ndash; [[1948 Gozo luzzu disaster|Gozo ''luzzu'' disaster]]: A ''[[luzzu]]'' fishing boat overloaded with passengers capsizes and sinks in the [[Gozo Channel]] off [[Qala, Malta|Qala]], [[Gozo]], [[Crown Colony of Malta|Malta]], killing 23 of the 27 people on board.<ref>{{cite news |last=Attard |first=Eddie |title=The 1948 Ħondoq ir-Rummien tragedy |url=https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/the-1948-ondoq-ir-rummien-tragedy.443026 |access-date=25 January 2020 |work=[[Times of Malta]] |date=28 October 2012}}</ref>

===November===
{{Main|November 1948}}
* [[November 1]]
** The [[Foley Square trial]] of [[Eugene Dennis]] and ten other [[CPUSA]] leaders begins, in New York City.
** [[Athenagoras I of Constantinople|Athenagoras I]] is elected the 268th [[Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople]].
** A boiler and ammunition explosion aboard a merchant ship evacuating troops of the [[Republic of China Army]] from [[Yingkou]], China for [[Taiwan]] causes thousands of deaths.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=nahjAAAAIBAJ&pg=6787,1361609|title=Loss of 6000 Chinese troops in explosion of ship disclosed|newspaper=[[The Deseret News]]|date=6 December 1948|access-date=23 September 2018|archive-date=30 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030134929/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=nahjAAAAIBAJ&pg=6787%2C1361609|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=David L.|last=Williams|title=In Titanic's Shadow: The World's Worst Merchant Ship Disasters|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q8QTDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT187|year=2012|publisher=History Press|location=Stroud|isbn=978-0-7524-7713-8|page=187|access-date=26 August 2018|archive-date=30 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030134904/https://books.google.com/books?id=Q8QTDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT187|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[File:Dewey Defeats Truman.jpg|thumb|Truman hold ups [[Dewey Defeats Truman|an erroneous banner]] headline of the [[Chicago Daily Tribune]].]] [[November 2]] &ndash; [[1948 United States presidential election]]: Democratic incumbent [[Harry S. Truman]] defeats Republican [[Thomas E. Dewey]], "Dixiecrat" [[Strom Thurmond]] and Progressive party candidate [[Henry A. Wallace]].
* [[November 12]] &ndash; In Tokyo, an international [[war crime]]s tribunal sentences seven Japanese military and government officials to death, including General [[Hideki Tojo]], for their roles in World War II.
* [[November 15]] &ndash; [[Louis Stephen St. Laurent]] becomes Canada's 12th [[Prime Minister of Canada|prime minister]].
* [[November 16]]
** ''[[Operation Magic Carpet (Yemen)|Operation Magic Carpet]]'' to transport Jews from Yemen to Israel begins.
** The [[University of the Andes, Colombia|University of the Andes]] (Universidad de los Andes) is founded in [[Bogotá]], Colombia.
* [[November 17]]
** [[Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi]] divorces his second wife, the former Princess [[Princess Fawzia Fuad of Egypt|Fawzia of Egypt]].
** [[Whittaker Chambers]] produces secret government papers, handwritten and typewritten by [[Alger Hiss]], during pretrial examination.
* [[November 20]] &ndash; [[Geoffrey B. Orbell]] rediscovers the [[Takahē]], last seen 50 years previously, near [[Lake Te Anau]], New Zealand.
* [[November 24]] &ndash; In Venezuela, president [[Rómulo Gallegos]] is ousted by a [[military junta]].
* [[November 27]] &ndash; The [[Calgary Stampeders]] defeat the [[Ottawa Rough Riders]] 12–7 before 20,013 fans at Toronto's [[Varsity Stadium]], to win their first [[Grey Cup]] and complete the only [[perfect season]] to date in [[Canadian football]].

===December===
{{Main|December 1948}}
[[File:Een groep Recce M3 Stuart tanks passeert geparkeerde vrachtwagen. Bestanddeelnr 5740.jpg|thumb|210px|Dutch forces in the [[Dutch East Indies]], 1948]]
* [[December 1]] &ndash; [[José Figueres Ferrer]] abolishes the army in [[Costa Rica]], making it the first country in history to do so.
* [[December 2]] &ndash; The United States [[House Un-American Activities Committee]] subpoenas and retrieves the "[[Pumpkin Papers]]" from the farm of [[Whittaker Chambers]].
*[[December 4]] &ndash; The Chinese liner [[SS Kiangya]] sinks after an explosion occurs at the stern, which is thought to have been caused by a Japanese mine from [[World War 2]], killing up to 3920 people.
* [[December 6]] &ndash; [[Richard Nixon]] displays microfilm from the "Pumpkin Papers" to the press.
* [[December 9]] &ndash; The [[United Nations General Assembly]] adopts the [[Genocide Convention]].
* [[December 10]] &ndash; The United Nations General Assembly adopts the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]].
* [[December 11]]&ndash;[[December 12|12]] &ndash; [[Malayan Emergency]]: [[Batang Kali massacre]]: [[Scots Guards]] shoot 24 [[Chinese people|Chinese]] villagers in [[Federation of Malaya|Malaya]].
* [[December 15]] &ndash; The [[United States Department of Justice]] indicts [[Alger Hiss]], on two counts of [[perjury]].
* [[December 17]] &ndash; The [[Finnish Security Intelligence Service|Finnish Security Police]] is established to remove [[Communist Party of Finland|communist leadership]] from its predecessor, the [[State Police (Finland)|State Police]].
* [[December 19]] &ndash; In the American [[National Football League]], the [[Philadelphia Eagles]] defeat the [[Chicago Cardinals]] 7–0, to win the championship.
* [[December 20]]
** [[Indonesian National Revolution]]: The Dutch military captures Yogyakarta, the temporary capital of the newly formed Republic of Indonesia.
** American economist and former State Department official [[Laurence Duggan]] falls to his death, from the 16th story window of his Manhattan office.
* [[December 23]] &ndash; Seven Japanese military and political leaders, convicted of war crimes by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, are executed by Allied occupation authorities, at Sugamo Prison in Tokyo, Japan.
* [[December 26]]
** The last Soviet troops withdraw from [[North Korea]].
** Cardinal [[József Mindszenty]] is arrested in Hungary and accused of treason and conspiracy.
* [[December 28]] &ndash; A [[Muslim Brotherhood]] member assassinates Egyptian Prime Minister [[Mahmoud an-Nukrashi Pasha|Mahmud Fahmi Nokrashi]].
* [[December 30]] &ndash; The musical ''[[Kiss Me, Kate]]'' opens for the first of 1,077 performances in New York City.
* [[December 31]] &ndash; [[1948 Arab–Israeli War|Arab-Israeli War]]: Israeli troops drive Egyptians from the [[Negev]].

===Date unknown===
* The [[Fresh Kills Landfill]], the world's largest, opens on [[Staten Island, New York]].
* The Slovak city Gúta is renamed [[Kolárovo]].
* The [[Vielha Tunnel]] is opened, giving access to the [[Val d'Aran]] in the Spanish [[Pyrenees]]; at this time it is the longest road tunnel in the world.<ref>{{cite book|title=Guinness World Records|year=2015|publisher=The Jim Pattison Group|isbn=978-1-908843-62-3|page=184|edition=British}}</ref>
* The Oakridge Transit Centre opens in [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]].
* The last recorded sighting is made of the [[Caspian tiger]], in [[Kazakhstan]].
* A pack of wolves kills about 40 children in [[Darovskoy District]], in Russia.<ref>{{cite book|title=[[Guinness Book of World Records]]|year=2008|page=137}}</ref>
* The last edition of the ''[[Index Librorum Prohibitorum]]'' is published in the [[Holy See|Vatican]].
* Charles Warrell creates the first [[I-Spy (Michelin)|I-Spy]] books in the United Kingdom.
* [[Wilbert Awdry|Rev. W. Awdry]]'s third book, ''[[James the Red Engine]]'', is published in the United Kingdom.
* Inspired by World War II fighter planes, [[Cadillac]] introduces the first automobile to sport [[car tailfin|tailfin]]s.
* The inaugural [[6 Hours of Watkins Glen]] sports car endurance race is held in the United States.