Editing 1934 (section)

== Events ==

=== January–February ===
{{Main|January 1934}}
{{Main|February 1934}}
* [[January 1]] – The [[International Telecommunication Union]], a specialist agency of the [[League of Nations]], is established.<ref>{{cite book|author=League of Nations|title=Handbook of International Organisations: (associations, Bureaux, Committees, Etc.).|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qSbOAAAAMAAJ|year=1938|publisher=League of Nations|page=392}}</ref>
* [[January 15]] – The 8.0 {{M|w}} [[1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake|Nepal–Bihar earthquake]] strikes [[Nepal]] and [[Bihar]] with a maximum [[Mercalli intensity scale|Mercalli intensity]] of XI (''Extreme''), killing an estimated 6,000–10,700 people.<ref>{{cite book|author=Gerrit Jasper Schenk|title=Historical Disaster Experiences: Towards a Comparative and Transcultural History of Disasters Across Asia and Europe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5YFtDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA244|date=20 March 2017|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-49163-9|pages=244}}</ref>
* [[February 6]] – [[6 February 1934 crisis|French political crisis]]: The French [[far-right leagues]] rally in front of the [[Palais Bourbon]], in an attempted [[coup d'état]] against the [[French Third Republic|Third Republic]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Gerd-Rainer Horn|title=European Socialists Respond to Fascism: Ideology, Activism and Contingency in the 1930s|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FWNNPNc42GsC&pg=PA72|date=21 November 1996|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-987994-6|pages=72}}</ref>
* [[February 9]]
** [[Gaston Doumergue]] forms a new government in [[France]].
** [[Second Hellenic Republic|Greece]], [[Kingdom of Romania|Romania]], [[Turkey]] and [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] form the [[Balkan Pact]].
* [[February 12]]–[[February 15|15]] – [[Austrian Civil War]]: The [[Fatherland Front (Austria)|Fatherland Front]] consolidates its power in a series of clashes across the country.
* [[February 16]] – The [[Commission of Government]] is sworn in, as a form of direct rule for the [[Dominion of Newfoundland]].
* [[February 21]] – [[Augusto César Sandino]] is assassinated in [[Managua]], by the [[National Guard (Nicaragua)|National Guard]].
* [[February 23]] – King [[Leopold III of Belgium]] succeeds to the throne, following the death (February 17) of his father King [[Albert I of Belgium|Albert I]].

=== March–April ===
{{Main|March 1934}}
{{Main|April 1934}}
* [[March 1]] – [[Manchukuo]], the Japanese puppet state in [[Manchuria]] established in 1932, proclaimed a monarchy under [[Puyi]].
* [[March 12]] – Prime Minister [[Konstantin Päts]] stages a [[self-coup]] by declaring a state of emergency in [[Estonia]], with the approval of the [[Riigikogu|parliament]], beginning the country's [[Era of Silence]].
* [[March 13]] – [[John Dillinger]] and his gang rob the First National Bank in [[Mason City, Iowa]], United States, stealing $52,000.
* [[March 20]] – The [[Great Hakodate Fire]] kills at least 2,166 people in southern [[Hokkaido]], Japan.
* [[March 24]] – The [[Tydings–McDuffie Act]] is passed, allowing the [[Philippines]] a greater degree of [[self-government]] from the United States.
* [[April 21]] – The "surgeon's photograph" of the [[Loch Ness Monster]], taken in Scotland by London gynaecologist Robert Kenneth Wilson and in 1994 admitted to be a [[hoax]], is published in the ''[[Daily Mail]]'' London national newspaper.<ref>{{cite book|first1=David|last1=Martin|first2=Alastair|last2=Boyd|year=1999|title=Nessie – the Surgeon's Photograph Exposed|location=East Barnet|publisher=authors|isbn=0-9535708-0-0}}</ref>

=== May–June ===
{{Main|May 1934}}
{{Main|June 1934}}
* [[May 1]] – The [[May Constitution of 1934]] heralds the beginning of the [[Austrofascism|Austrofascist]] [[Federal State of Austria]].
* [[May 15]] – [[Kārlis Ulmanis]] establishes an authoritarian government in [[Latvia]].
* [[May 19]] – [[Kimon Georgiev]] stages a [[coup d'état]] in Bulgaria.
* [[May 23]] – American outlaws [[Bonnie and Clyde]] are ambushed and killed by police in [[Bienville Parish, Louisiana]].
* [[May 28]] – Near [[Callander, Ontario]], Canada, the [[Dionne quintuplets]] are born to Oliva and Elzire Dionne, becoming the first [[quintuplet]]s to survive infancy.
* [[May 31]] – The [[Barmen Declaration]], largely drafted by [[Karl Barth]], is signed by Christians in Nazi Germany who are opposed to the pro-Nazi [[German Christian movement]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Brown|first=Robert McAfee|date=1986|title=Saying Yes and Saying No: On Rendering to God and Caesar|url=https://archive.org/details/sayingyessayingn00brow/page/19|location=Philadelphia|publisher=Westminster Press|page=[https://archive.org/details/sayingyessayingn00brow/page/19 19]|isbn=9780664246952|url-access=registration}}</ref>
* [[June 9]] – [[Donald Duck]] makes his film debut in [[Walt Disney]]'s ''[[Silly Symphony]]'' cartoon ''[[The Wise Little Hen]]''.<ref>{{cite book|last=Lenburg|first=Jeff|title=The Encyclopedia of Animated Cartoons|date=1999|publisher=Checkmark Books|isbn=0-8160-3831-7|access-date=June 6, 2020|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780816038312/page/74/mode/2up|pages=74–76}}</ref>
* [[June 10]] – [[Italy national football team|Italy]] beats [[Czechoslovakia national football team|Czechoslovakia]] 2–1 after extra time, to win the [[1934 FIFA World Cup|1934 World Cup]], staged in Italy.
* [[June 14]] – [[Adolf Hitler]] and [[Benito Mussolini]] meet for the first time, at the [[Venice Biennale]].
* [[June 18]] – The [[Indian Reorganization Act]] is enacted.
* [[June 27]] – [[Yahya Muhammad Hamid ed-Din|Imam Yahya]] of [[Kingdom of Yemen|Yemen]] and [[Ibn Saud]] of [[Saudi Arabia]] conclude a [[Treaty of Taif|peace treaty]].
* [[June 30]] – [[July 2]] – [[Night of the Long Knives]] in Germany: [[Nazism|Nazis]] purge the ''[[Sturmabteilung]]'' (SA), the left-wing [[Strasserism|Strasserist]] faction of the [[Nazi Party]], and prominent conservative anti-Nazis, in a series of political murders.
* [[June 30]] – The [[Nazi Party]] [[Sturmabteilung|SA]] camp [[Oranienburg concentration camp|Oranienburg]] becomes a national camp, taken over by the ''[[Schutzstaffel]]'' (SS).

=== July–August ===
{{Main|July 1934}}
{{Main|August 1934}}
* [[July 1]] – The [[Hays Code]] begins to be strictly enforced in the [[Hollywood film industry]], lasting until 1968. 
* [[July 13]] – Hitler gives a speech to the [[Reichstag (Nazi Germany)|Reichstag]], justifying his purge.
* [[July 25]] – [[July Putsch]]: Austrian [[Nazism|Nazis]] assassinate chancellor [[Engelbert Dollfuss]], during a failed coup attempt.
* [[August 2]] – [[Adolf Hitler]] becomes ''[[Führer]]'' of Germany, or head of state combined with that of Chancellor, following the death of President [[Paul von Hindenburg]].
* [[August 8]] – The [[Wehrmacht]] swears a personal oath of loyalty to [[Adolf Hitler]]. 
* [[August 15]] – The [[United States Marine Corps]] leaves [[Haiti]].
* [[August 19]] – [[1934 German referendum]]: In a referendum, 90% of the German population approves of Hitler's assumption of [[President of Germany|presidential powers]], as [[Führer]] and [[Reichskanzler]].

=== September–October ===
{{Main|September 1934}}
{{Main|October 1934}}
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 102-16196, Nürnberg, Reichsparteitag, SA- und SS-Appell.jpg|thumb|150px|right|[[Nuremberg Rally]] of 1934]]
* [[September 5]]–[[September 10|10]] – The 6th [[Nuremberg Rally]] is staged by the German [[Nazi Party]].
* [[September 8]] – Off the [[New Jersey]] coast, a fire aboard the passenger liner {{SS|Morro Castle|1930|6}} kills 134 people.
* [[September 15]] – [[1934 Australian federal election]]: [[Joseph Lyons]]' [[United Australia Party|UAP]] [[Lyons government|government]] is re-elected with a decreased majority, defeating the [[Australian Labor Party|Labor Party]], led by former [[Prime Minister of Australia|Prime Minister]] [[James Scullin]]. Consequently, Lyons is forced to resume the [[Coalition (Australia)|Coalition]] with the [[National Party of Australia|Country Party]], and include them in his government. Scullin steps down from the Labor leadership shortly after; he is [[1935 Australian Labor Party leadership election|replaced]] by future Prime Minister [[John Curtin]].
* [[September 19]]
** The [[Soviet Union]] joins the [[League of Nations]].
** [[Bruno Richard Hauptmann]] is arrested in connection with the [[Lindbergh kidnapping]] case in the U.S.
* [[September 21]] – The [[1934 Muroto typhoon|Muroto typhoon]] in [[Honshū]], Japan kills 3,036 people, and destroys the temple, schools, and other buildings in [[Osaka]].
* [[September 22]] – A [[Gresford disaster|gas explosion]] at [[Gresford Colliery]] in [[Wrexham]], north-east Wales, kills 266 miners and rescuers.
* [[September 28]] – [[Afghanistan]] joins the [[League of Nations]].
* [[October 2]] – A [[1934 Muroto typhoon|typhoon]] in [[Osaka]] and [[Kyoto]], Japan, kills 1,660, injures 5,400, and destroys the rice harvest.
* [[October 6]] – [[Events of October the 6th]]: the President of [[Catalonia]], [[Lluís Companys]], declares the [[Catalan State (1934)|Catalan State]] of the Spanish Federal Republic, but Spanish troops swiftly crush the Catalan forces, and arrest him and the members of the Catalan government. The autonomy of Catalonia is suspended until [[1936]].
* [[October 9]] – King [[Alexander I of Yugoslavia|Alexander of Yugoslavia]] and French foreign minister [[Louis Barthou]] are assassinated, during the king's state visit in [[Marseille]].
* [[October 16]] – The [[Long March]] of the [[People's Liberation Army]] of the [[Chinese Communist Party]] begins.
* [[October 20]]–[[November 3]] – [[Charles Kingsford Smith]] makes the first eastward crossing of the Pacific Ocean, from his native [[Brisbane]], Australia, to [[San Francisco]], in the [[Lockheed Altair]] ''[[Lady Southern Cross]]''. The November 3 Hawaii–San Francisco leg is the first eastward flight from Hawaii to North America.
* [[October 20]]–[[November 5]] – The [[MacRobertson Air Race]] is flown from [[RAF Mildenhall]] in England to [[Melbourne]], Australia, to celebrate the centenary of the state of [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]]. The overall winner is the British [[de Havilland DH.88 Comet]] G-ACSS ''Grosvenor House'', flown by [[C. W. A. Scott]] and [[Tom Campbell Black]].

=== November–December ===
{{Main|November 1934}}
{{Main|December 1934}}
* [[November 6]] – [[Attempted exclusion of Egon Kisch from Australia]] begins.<ref>{{cite book<!--|authorlink=Egon Kisch-->|first=Egon|last=Kisch|title=Landung in Australien|year=1937}}</ref>
* [[November 23]] – An Anglo-Ethiopian boundary commission in the [[Ogaden]] discovers an Italian garrison at [[Walwal]], which lies well within [[Ethiopia]]n territory. This encounter leads to the [[Abyssinia Crisis]].
* [[November 27]] – [[Daniel Salamanca Urey]], [[President of Bolivia]], is deposed in a military coup, and replaced by [[José Luis Tejada Sorzano]].
* [[December 5]] – [[Abyssinia Crisis]]: Ethiopian and Italian troops exchange gunfire. Reported casualties for the Ethiopians are 150, and for the Italians 50.
* [[December 27]] – Persia becomes [[Iran]].
* [[December 29]] – Japan renounces the [[Washington Naval Treaty]] of 1922 and the [[London Naval Treaty]] of 1930.

=== Date unknown ===
* Winter – [[Tadj ol-Molouk]], Empress consort of [[Iran]], and her daughters appear publicly in [[Tehran]] without a [[veil]], leading to its abolition in the country.
* [[Abidjan]] becomes the capital of the French colony of [[Ivory Coast]].
* The [[sonoluminescence]] effect is discovered, at the [[University of Cologne]].
* The [[Australian frontier wars]] end, after 146 years.
* The [[Yomiuri Giants]], a successful professional baseball club in Japan, is founded in [[Tokyo]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=World History Encyclopedia|last=Washington|first=Garrett|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2011|editor-last=Andrea|editor-first=Alfred J.|edition=1st|via=Credo Reference}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=The Hutchinson Chronology of World History|publisher=Helicon|year=2018|via=Credo Reference}}</ref>