Editing 1930 (section)

==Events==

===January===
{{Main|January 1930}}
* [[January 15]] – The [[Moon]] moves into its nearest point to Earth, called perigee, at the same time as its fullest phase of the Lunar Cycle. This is the closest moon distance at {{cvt|356,397|km|mi}} in recent history, and the next one will be on January 1, 2257, at {{cvt|356,371|km|mi}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.idialstars.com/clfumo.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081215031654/http://www.idialstars.com/clfumo.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2008-12-15|title=Closest Full Moon since March 8, 1993}}</ref>
* [[January 26]] – The [[Indian National Congress]] declares this date as Independence Day, or as the day for [[Purna Swaraj]] (Complete Independence).<ref>{{cite journal |date=January 27, 1930 |title=Reds Clash with Nationalists at Free India Meet |journal=[[Chicago Daily Tribune]] |page=4 }}</ref>
* [[January 28]] – The first [[patent]] for a [[field-effect transistor]] is granted in the United States, to [[Julius Edgar Lilienfeld]].<ref>{{US patent|1745175}} ''Method and apparatus for controlling electric currents'', first filed in Canada on October 22, 1925. {{cite book|first1=Thomas H.|last1=Lee|title=The Design of CMOS Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuits|edition=New|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2004|isbn=9780521835398|pages=167ff}}</ref>
* [[January 30]] – [[Pavel Molchanov]] launches a [[radiosonde]] from [[Pavlovsk, Saint Petersburg|Slutsk]] in the [[Soviet Union]].<ref>{{cite book|author=United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration|title=NASA Technical Translation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J9kVAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA225|year=1959|publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration|pages=225}}</ref>

===February===
{{Main|February 1930}}
* [[February 10]] – The [[Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng]] launch the [[Yên Bái mutiny]] in the hope of ending [[French Indochina|French colonial rule]] in [[Vietnam]].
* [[February 18]] – While studying photographs taken in January, [[Clyde Tombaugh]] confirms the existence of [[Pluto]], a celestial body considered a planet until redefined as a [[dwarf planet]] in 2006.<ref>{{cite book|author= |title=New Scientist|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MTqFmYxvHy4C&pg=PA725|date=11 December 1980|publisher=Reed Business Information|pages=725}}</ref>

===March===
{{Main|March 1930}}
[[File:Portrait Gandhi.jpg|thumbnail|120px|right|[[Mahatma Gandhi]]]]
* [[March 2]] 
** [[Mahatma Gandhi]] informs the British [[Viceroy of India]] that [[civil disobedience]] will begin the following week.<ref>{{cite book | last = Ghose | first = Sankar | title = Mahatma Gandhi | publisher = Allied Publishers | location = New Delhi | year = 1991 | isbn = 9788170232056 | page=193}}</ref>
** [[André Tardieu]] begins his second term as [[Prime Minister of France]].<ref>{{cite book | last = Young | first = Robert | title = France and the Origins of the Second World War | publisher = Macmillan Education, Limited | location = London | year = 1996 | isbn = 9781349248902 | page=174}}</ref>
* [[March 6]]
** [[International Unemployment Day]] is observed in countries throughout the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chroniknet.de/daly_de.0.html?datum=6.3.1930&year=1930&month=3&day=6 |title=Tageseinträge für 6. März 1930 |website=chroniknet |access-date=April 18, 2015 |archive-date=April 18, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418102121/http://www.chroniknet.de/daly_de.0.html?datum=6.3.1930&year=1930&month=3&day=6 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=March 7, 1930 |title=Reds Arrested, Many Injured in Petty Riots | work=[[Chicago Daily Tribune]]|page=3 }}</ref>
** The first [[frozen food]]s of [[Clarence Birdseye]] go on sale in [[Springfield, Massachusetts]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.healthcentral.com/dailydose/cf/2014/03/03/first_frozen_food_sold_march_6_1930 |title=First frozen food sold: March 6, 1930 |date=March 3, 2014 |website=[[HealthCentral]] |access-date=April 18, 2015 }}</ref>
* [[March 12]] – [[Mahatma Gandhi]] sets off on a 200-mile march towards the sea with 78 followers to protest against the British monopoly on salt in India; more will join them during the [[Salt March]] that ends on [[April 5]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gandhiheritageportal.org/dandi-march-details |title=Chronology: Event Detail Page |publisher=Gandhi Heritage Portal |date=15 June 2012 |access-date=16 August 2018}}</ref>
* [[March 28]] – The government of [[Turkey]] requests the international community to adopt [[Istanbul]] and [[Ankara]], as the official names for [[Constantinople]] and Angora. The [[United States Department of State|U.S. State Department]] adopts the "Istanbul" form in May.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1930/05/28/archives/washington-accepts-istanbul-as-replacing-constantinople.html|title=Washington Accepts "Istanbul" As Replacing "Constantinople"|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=1930-05-28|access-date=2020-04-01}}</ref>
* [[March 29]] – [[Heinrich Brüning]] is appointed [[Chancellor of Germany#Chancellor of the Weimar Republic (1919–1933)|Chancellor of Germany]].<ref>{{cite book | last = Grand | first = Alexander | title = Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany: the "fascist" style of rule | publisher = Routledge | location = New York | year = 1995 | isbn = 9780415105989 | page=xiv}}</ref>
* [[March 31]] – The [[Hays Code|Motion Picture Production Code]] (Hays Code) is instituted by the studios in the United States, imposing strict guidelines on the treatment of sex, crime, religion and violence in films for the next 40 years.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Donald Crafton|author2=Charles Harpole|title=The Talkies: American Cinema's Transition to Sound, 1926-1931|publisher=Scribner|year=1997|page=474}}</ref>

===April===
{{Main|April 1930}}
* [[April 6]]
** In an act of [[civil disobedience]], [[Mahatma Gandhi]] breaks the [[History of the salt tax in British India|salt laws of British India]] by making salt by the sea at the end of the [[Salt March]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Decourcy|first=Elisa|title=Just a grain of salt?: Symbolic construction during the Indian nationalist movement|journal=Melbourne Historical Journal|year=2010|volume=38|pages=57–72}}</ref>
** The [[Left Opposition|International Left Opposition]] (ILO) is founded in Paris, France.
* [[April 17]] – [[Neoprene]] is invented by [[DuPont]].
* [[April 18]] – The Chittagong Rebellion begins in India with the [[Chittagong armoury raid]]
* [[April 19]] - [[Football Association of Indonesia]] ([[PSSI]]) founded 
* [[April 21]]
** A fire in the [[Ohio Penitentiary]] in [[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus]], United States kills 320 people.<ref>{{Cite HGOC|page=133}}</ref>
** The [[Turkestan–Siberia Railway]] is completed.
* [[April 22]] – The United Kingdom, Japan and the United States sign the [[London Naval Treaty]] to regulate [[submarine warfare]] and limit naval shipbuilding.

===May===
{{Main|May 1930}}
* [[May 6]] – The 7.1 {{M|w}} [[1930 Salmas earthquake|Salmas earthquake]] shakes northwestern Iran and southeastern Turkey, with a maximum [[Modified Mercalli intensity scale|Mercalli intensity]] of IX (''Violent''); up to 3,000 people are killed.
* [[May 10]] – The [[National Pan-Hellenic Council]] is founded in [[Washington, D.C.]]
* [[May 15]] – Nurse [[Ellen Church]] becomes the world's first [[flight attendant]], working on a [[Boeing Air Transport]] trimotor.
* [[May 16]] – [[Rafael Trujillo]] is elected president of the [[Dominican Republic]].
* [[May 17]] – French Prime Minister [[André Tardieu]] decides to withdraw the remaining French troops from the [[Rhineland]] (they depart by [[June 30]]).
* [[May 17]] -  The [[Bank for International Settlements]] was founded in Basel, Switzerland. 
* [[May 24]] – [[Amy Johnson]] lands in [[Darwin, Northern Territory|Darwin, Australia]], becoming the first woman to fly solo from England to Australia (she left on [[May 5]] for the 11,000 mile flight).

===June===
{{Main|June 1930}}
* [[June 7]] – [[Carl Gustaf Ekman]] becomes [[Prime Minister of Sweden]], for the second and final time.<ref>{{cite book | last = Schall | first = Carly | title = The rise and fall of the miraculous welfare machine : immigration and social democracy in twentieth-century Sweden | publisher = ILR Press, an imprint of Cornell University Press | location = Ithaca London | year = 2016 | isbn = 9781501704086 | page=35}}</ref>
* [[June 14]] – The [[Federal Bureau of Narcotics]] is established under the [[United States Department of the Treasury]], replacing the Narcotics Division of the Prohibition Unit.
* [[June 17]] – [[President of the United States|President]] [[Herbert Hoover]] signs the [[Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act]] into law, implementing protectionist trade policies in the United States.<ref>{{Citation|last=Irwin|first=Douglas|year=1998|title=The Smoot–Hawley Tariff: A Quantitative Assessment|journal=Review of Economics and Statistics|volume=80|issue=2| pages=326–34|doi=10.1162/003465398557410|s2cid=57562207|url=http://www.nber.org/papers/w5509.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.nber.org/papers/w5509.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===July===
{{Main|July 1930}}
* [[July 3]]–[[July 10|10]] – The [[First Eastern Women's Congress]] takes place in [[Damascus]] in [[Syria]].
* [[July 4]] – The dedication of [[George Washington]]'s sculpted head is held at [[Mount Rushmore]], [[South Dakota]].
* [[July 5]] – The [[Lambeth Conference#Seventh: 1930|Seventh Lambeth Conference]] of Anglican bishops opens. This conference approves the use of [[birth control]] in limited circumstances, a move away from the [[Christian views on birth control]] expressed by the Sixth Conference a decade earlier.
* [[July 7]]
** The far-right [[Lapua Movement]] marches in [[Helsinki]], Finland.
** Building of the Boulder Dam (later known as the [[Hoover Dam]]) is started on the [[Colorado River]], in the United States.
* [[July 11]] – Australian [[cricket]]er [[Don Bradman]] scores a world record 309 runs in one day, on his way to the [[List of Test cricket records#Innings or series|highest individual Test innings]] of 334, during a [[Test cricket|Test match]] against [[England cricket team|England]].
* [[July 13]] – The inaugural [[1930 FIFA World Cup|FIFA World Cup]] begins: [[Lucien Laurent]] scores the first goal, for [[France national football team|France]] against [[Mexico national football team|Mexico]].
* [[July 19]] – [[Georges Simenon]]'s detective character Inspector [[Jules Maigret]] makes his first appearance in print under Simenon's own name, when the novel ''Pietr-le-Letton'' (known in English as ''[[The Strange Case of Peter the Lett]]'') begins serialization in a French weekly magazine.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.trussel.com/maig/momlet.htm|title=Maigret of the Month: ''Pietr-le-Letton'' (Maigret and the Enigmatic Lett) |access-date=2013-04-05 |date=July 2004}}</ref>  
* [[July 28]] – [[R. B. Bennett]] defeats [[William Lyon Mackenzie King]] in federal elections and becomes the [[Prime Minister of Canada]].
* [[July 29]] – British [[airship]] ''[[R100]]'' sets out for a successful 78-hour passage to Canada.
* [[July 30]] – [[Uruguay national football team|Uruguay]] beats [[Argentina national football team|Argentina]] 4–2 to win the first [[1930 FIFA World Cup|FIFA World Cup]] [[1930 FIFA World Cup final|final]] in [[Association football]], at [[Estadio Centenario]] in [[Montevideo]].

===August===
{{Main|August 1930}}
* [[August]] – The [[volcanic island]] of [[Krakatoa#Anak Krakatau|Anak Krakatau]] begins to form permanently in the [[Sunda Strait]].
* [[August 7]] – [[R. B. Bennett]] takes office as the eleventh [[Prime Minister of Canada]].
* [[August 12]] – [[Turkey|Turkish]] troops move into [[Iran|Persia]] to fight [[Kurds|Kurdish]] insurgents.
* [[August 16]] – The [[1930 British Empire Games|first British Empire Games]] open in [[Hamilton, Ontario]], Canada.<ref name="Pocket On This Day">{{cite book|title=Penguin Pocket On This Day|publisher=Penguin Reference Library|isbn=978-0-14-102715-9|year=2006}}</ref>
* [[August 27]] – A [[military junta]] takes over in [[Peru]].

===September===
{{Main|September 1930}}
* [[September 3]] – The huge [[1930 San Zenón hurricane]] in the Caribbean demolishes most of the city of [[Santo Domingo]] in the [[Dominican Republic]].
* [[September 6]] – [[1930 Argentine coup d'état]]: [[José Félix Uriburu]] carries out a military coup, overthrowing [[Hipólito Yrigoyen]], [[President of Argentina]].
* [[September 8]] – [[Scotch Tape]], invented by [[Richard Gurley Drew]], is sold by the [[3M]] company in the United States for the first time.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Office, July 1984|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7h3dcEvE9MIC|year=1984|page=81}}</ref>
* [[September 14]] – [[1930 German federal election]]: [[Nazism|National Socialists]] win 107 seats in the German Parliament, the [[Reichstag (Weimar Republic)|Reichstag]] (18.3% of all the votes), making them the second largest party.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Robert H. Ferrell|author2=John Stewart Bowman|title=The Twentieth Century: An Almanac|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ToKCq1z8ZCwC|year=1985|publisher=World Almanac Publications|isbn=978-0-345-32630-0|page=163}}</ref>
*[[September 17]] – The Kurdish [[Ararat rebellion]] is suppressed by the Turks.
* [[September 20]] – The Eastern Catholic Rite [[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]] is formed.
* [[September 27]] – [[İsmet İnönü]] forms a new government in [[Turkey]] ([[6th government of Turkey|6th government]]).

===October===
{{Main|October 1930}}
[[File:Ståhlbergs' at the railwaystation.jpg|thumb|upright|Former President of Finland [[Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg|K. J. Ståhlberg]] and his wife [[Ester Ståhlberg|Ester]] at the [[Helsinki Central Station]] after their kidnapping. In the middle of picture their daughter Elli stands behind them.]]
* [[October]] – The [[Indochinese Communist Party]] is formed.
* [[October 1]] – [[British Weihaiwei|British rule of Weihaiwei]] ends, as it is returned to China.
* [[October 3]] – The [[German Socialist Labour Party in Poland – Left]] is founded, following a split in the [[German Socialist Labour Party of Poland|DSAP]] in [[Łódź]].
* [[October 5]] – British [[airship]] ''[[R101]]'', the world's largest flying craft, crashes in France en route to India, on its first overseas flight, resulting in the loss of 48 lives, with six survivors. Those killed include Britain's Air Minister, [[Christopher Thomson, 1st Baron Thomson]].<ref>[https://www.aht.ndirect.co.uk/airships/r101/R101%20Passenger%20%20Crew%20List.htm "R101 Passenger List."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090830231632/http://www.aht.ndirect.co.uk/airships/r101/R101%20Passenger%20%20Crew%20List.htm |date=August 30, 2009 }} ''Airship Heritage Trust'' via ''Airshipsonline.'' Retrieved: 27 August 2010.</ref>
* [[October 14]] – [[Ståhlberg kidnapping]]: The former and first [[President of Finland]], [[Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg]], and his wife, [[Ester Ståhlberg]], are kidnapped from their home by members of the far-right [[Lapua Movement]] but released unharmed.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Defending Democracy: Reactions to Extremism in Interwar Europe|last=Capoccia|first=Giovanni|publisher=JHU Press|year=2005}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=A Frozen Hell: The Russo-Finnish Winter War of 1939-40|last=Trotter|first=William R.|publisher=Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill|year=1991|isbn=978-0-945575-22-1|location=[[Chapel Hill, North Carolina]]}}</ref>
* [[October 20]] – The British [[Passfield white paper]] demands restrictions on Jewish immigration into [[Mandatory Palestine]].<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last1=Palmer|first1=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=372–373|isbn=978-0-7126-5616-0}}</ref>
* [[October 24]] – [[Brazilian Revolution of 1930]]: [[Getúlio Vargas]] overthrows [[Washington Luís]].
* [[October 27]] – Ratifications are exchanged in London on the first [[London Naval Treaty]] signed in April, modifying the [[Washington Naval Treaty]] of 1922. Its arms limitation provisions go into effect immediately, hence putting more limits on the expensive naval arms race between its five signatories (the United Kingdom, the United States, the [[Empire of Japan]], France and Italy.)

===November===
{{Main|November 1930}}
* [[November 2]] – [[Haile Selassie]] is crowned [[emperor of Ethiopia]].
* [[November 3]] – [[Getúlio Vargas]] becomes [[president of Brazil]].
* [[November 25]]
** An earthquake in the [[Izu Peninsula]] of Japan kills 223 people and destroys 650 buildings.
** Cecil George Paine, a [[Pathology|pathologist]] at the [[Sheffield Royal Infirmary]] in England, achieves the first recorded cure (of an eye infection) using [[penicillin]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Wainwright|first1=M.|last2=Swan|first2=H. T.|title=C. G. Paine and the earliest surviving clinical records of penicillin therapy|journal=Medical History|volume=30|pages=42–56|year=1986|issue=1|pmid=3511336|pmc=1139580|doi=10.1017/S0025727300045026}}</ref>

===December===
{{Main|December 1930}}
* [[December]] – All adult [[Turkey|Turkish]] women are given the right to vote in elections.
* [[December 19]] – [[Mount Merapi]] volcano in central [[Java]], [[Indonesia]], erupts, destroying numerous villages and killing 1,300 people.
* [[December 24]] – In London, inventor [[Harry Grindell Matthews]] demonstrates his device to project pictures on clouds.
* [[December 29]] – Sir [[Muhammad Iqbal]]'s [[Allahabad Address|presidential address in Allahabad]] introduces the [[two-nation theory]], outlining a vision for the creation of [[Pakistan]].<ref>{{citation |last=Wolpert |first=Stanley A. |title=Jinnah of Pakistan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d0PqPAAACAAJ |date=12 July 2005 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-567859-8|pages=47–48}}</ref>
* [[December 31]] – The [[Papal encyclical]] ''[[Casti connubii]]'', issued by [[Pope Pius XI]], stresses the sanctity of marriage, prohibits [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]]s from using any form of artificial [[birth control]], and reaffirms the Catholic prohibition on [[abortion]].

===Date unknown===
* [[Bernhard Schmidt]] invents the [[Schmidt camera]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/history/schmidt |title=The Schmidt Camera |publisher=ast.ac.uk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080524175425/http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/history/schmidt/ |archive-date=May 24, 2008}}</ref>