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==Social history== {{Main|Roaring Twenties}} The '''Roaring Twenties''' brought about several novel and highly visible social and cultural trends. These trends, made possible by sustained economic prosperity, were most visible in major cities like New York, Chicago, Paris, Berlin, and London. [[Return to normalcy|"Normalcy" returned]] to politics in the wake of hyper-emotional patriotism during World War I, [[jazz music|jazz]] blossomed, and [[Art Deco]] peaked. For women, knee-length skirts and dresses became socially acceptable, as did bobbed hair with a [[finger wave]] or [[Marcelling|marcel wave]]. The women who pioneered these trends were frequently referred to as [[flappers]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Price |first=Sean |title=What made the twenties roar?|year=1999 |journal=Scholastic Update |volume=131 |issue=10 |pages=3β18 |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&u=j209901&id=GALE%7CA54062685&v=2.1&it=r&sid=AONE&asid=22fcf8de }}</ref> The era saw the large-scale adoption of automobiles, telephones, motion pictures, [[History of broadcasting|radio]], and [[household electricity]], as well as unprecedented industrial growth, accelerated consumer demand and aspirations, and significant changes in lifestyle and culture, mostly in the urbanized areas of the Western World. The media began to focus on celebrities, especially sports heroes and movie stars. Large [[ballpark|baseball stadiums]] were built in major US cities, in addition to palatial [[Movie theater|cinemas]]. Many independent countries passed [[women's suffrage]] after 1918. Academics such as [[Arthur Marwick]] have argued that this occurred because countries wanted to reward the role women played on the [[home front]].<ref name="University of Michigan Press">{{cite book |last1=Rousseau |first1=David L. |title=War and rights: the impact of war on political and civil rights |date=2021 |publisher=University of Michigan Press |location=Ann Arbor |isbn=0472132466 |page=91}}</ref> However, some scholars like [[Ellen DuBois|Ellen Dubois]] have argued that this perspective is incorrect, pointing out some belligerent countries like [[Italy]] did not grant suffrage. Meanwhile, some countries like the [[Netherlands]] which did not participate in the war did grant suffrage to women.<ref name="University of Michigan Press"/>
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