Editing 1920 (section)

==Events==
===January===
{{Main|January 1920}}
[[File:5 Prohibition Disposal(9).jpg|thumb|150px|right|[[January 17]]: Beginning of [[Prohibition in the United States]]]]
* [[January 1]]
** [[Polish–Soviet War]]: The Russian [[Red Army]] increases its troops along the Polish border from 4 divisions to 20.
** [[Kauniainen]] in Finland, completely surrounded by the city of [[Espoo]], secedes from Espoo as its own market town.<ref>[https://www.kaunisgrani.fi/2017/04/ministeri-kerenski-kanta-asiakkaana-kauniaisissa/ Monsieur le ministre - KaunisGrani] (in Finnish)</ref>
* [[January 7]] &ndash; [[Russian Civil War]]: The forces of [[White movement|Russian White]] Admiral [[Alexander Kolchak]] surrender in [[Krasnoyarsk]]; the [[Great Siberian Ice March]] ensues.
* [[January 10]]
** The [[Treaty of Versailles]] takes effect, officially ending World War I.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.euronews.com/2019/06/28/treaty-of-versailles-centenary-relics-tell-story-of-historic-signing |title=Treaty of Versailles centenary: Relics tell story of historic signing |first=Emma |last=Beswick |date=28 June 2019 |access-date=29 June 2019 |work=[[Euronews]]}}</ref>
** The [[League of Nations Covenant]] enters into force. On [[January 16]], the organization holds its first council meeting, in Paris.
* [[January 11]] &ndash; The [[Azerbaijan Democratic Republic]] is recognised [[de facto]] by European powers in [[Palace of Versailles|Versailles]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://today.az/news/politics/53534.html|title=Azerbaijani Foreign Ministry official: result of overcoming obstacles by first Azerbaijani diplomats was international recognition in Versailles|work=Today.az|date=2009-07-03|access-date=2013-03-13}}</ref>
* [[January 13]] &ndash; ''[[The New York Times]]'' [[Robert H. Goddard#Publicity and criticism|ridicules]] American rocket scientist [[Robert H. Goddard]],<ref>{{cite news |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9D0DE7D7153EE433A25750C1A9679C946195D6CF |title=Topics of the Times |date=13 January 1920 |access-date=29 June 2019 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723044207/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9D0DE7D7153EE433A25750C1A9679C946195D6CF |archive-date=July 23, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> which it will rescind following the launch of [[Apollo 11]] in [[1969]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/14/news/150th-anniversary-1851-2001-the-facts-that-got-away.html |title=150th Anniversary: 1851-2001; The Facts That Got Away |first=Tom |last=Kuntz |date=14 November 2001 |access-date=29 June 2019 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |page=36}}</ref>
* [[January 16]]
** The [[Allies of World War I]] demand that the Netherlands [[Extradition|extradite]] ex-[[German Emperor]] [[Wilhelm II]] who fled there in [[1918]].
** [[Zeta Phi Beta]] sorority, is founded on the campus of [[Howard University]] in Washington, D.C.
* [[January 17]] &ndash; [[Prohibition in the United States]] begins, with the [[Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution]] which bans the sale of [[alcoholic beverage|alcohol]] in all States.
* [[January 19]] &ndash; The [[American Civil Liberties Union]] (ACLU) is founded.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://blogs.princeton.edu/mudd/2012/08/the-founding-of-the-american-civil-liberties-union-1920/|title=The founding of the American Civil Liberties Union, 1920|date=1 August 2012|first=Christa|last=Cleeton|access-date=29 June 2019|work=Mudd Manuscript Library Blog|publisher=[[The Trustees of Princeton University]]|agency=[[Princeton University]]}}</ref>
* [[January 21]] &ndash; The final session of the [[Paris Peace Conference, 1919|Paris Peace Conference]] is held, even though peace treaties with Hungary and Turkey remain to be concluded. The United States does not conclude its own treaty with Germany until August 25, 1921.
* [[January 22]] &ndash; The Australian [[National Party of Australia|Country Party]] is officially formed.
* [[January 23]] &ndash; The Netherlands refuses to extradite ex-German Emperor [[Wilhelm II]]; on May 15 he moves into [[Huis Doorn]] in the country where he remains permanently in exile until his death in [[1941]].
* [[January 28]] &ndash; ''El Tercio de Extranjeros'' (the "Regiment of Foreigners"), later the [[Spanish Legion]], is established by [[decree]] of King [[Alfonso XIII of Spain]].

===February===
{{Main|February 1920}}
* [[February 1]] &ndash; The [[South African Air Force]] (SAAF) is established, the second autonomous Air Force in the world, after the British [[Royal Air Force]] (RAF).<ref name="SALM">Nöthling, Kol C.J., Martins, Maj du P. (1990). ''Kroniek van die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugmag (1920-1990)'', (1st ed.). Direktoraat Openbare Betrekkinge, SAW. Uitgewer: Staatsdrukkery, Pretoria. Gedruk deur Promedia Drukkers, Posbus 255, Silverton, 0127.</ref>
* [[February 2]]
** [[Estonian War of Independence]]: The [[Treaty of Tartu (Russian–Estonian)|Tartu Peace Treaty]] is signed, ending the war and recognizing the independence of both the [[Republic of Estonia]] and the [[Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic]].
** [[French Third Republic|France]] occupies the [[Memel Territory]] of East Prussia.
** [[Sayid Abdullah|Sayyid Muhammad]], Khan of [[Khanate of Khiva|Khiva]], abdicates.
* [[February 9]] &ndash; The [[Svalbard Treaty]], signed by members of the League of Nations in Paris, recognises the sovereignty of [[Norway]] over the [[Arctic]] archipelago of [[Svalbard]] (at this time called Spitzbergen), while giving the other signatories economic rights in the islands.<ref>{{cite book|title=Statistical Yearbook of Norway|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QdiCkoG3buIC|year=1999|publisher=Statistisk sentralbyrå|page=15}}</ref>
* [[February 10]] &ndash; General [[Józef Haller]] first performs ''[[Poland's Wedding to the Sea]]'', a symbolic celebration of the restitution of Polish access to the [[Baltic Sea]].
* [[February 12]]–[[February 24|24]] &ndash; [[Conference of London (1920)|Conference of London]]: Leaders of the United Kingdom, France and Italy meet to discuss the [[partitioning of the Ottoman Empire]].
* [[February 13]] &ndash; Switzerland joins the [[League of Nations]].
* [[February 14]] &ndash; The [[League of Women Voters]] is founded in Chicago.
* [[February 17]] &ndash; A woman named [[Anna Anderson]] tries to commit suicide in Berlin and is taken to a mental hospital where she claims she is [[Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia|Grand Duchess Anastasia of Russia]].
* [[February 20]] &ndash; [[1920 Gori earthquake]]: An earthquake hits [[Gori, Georgia|Gori]] in the [[Democratic Republic of Georgia]], killing 114.
* [[February 21]] &ndash; The island province of [[Marinduque]] in the [[Philippines]] archipelago is founded.
* [[February 22]] &ndash; In [[Emeryville, California]], the first [[greyhound racing|dog racing]] track to employ an imitation [[rabbit]] opens.
* [[February 24]] &ndash; [[Adolf Hitler]] presents his [[National Socialist Program]] in [[Munich]] to the [[German Workers' Party]] (''Deutsche Arbeiterpartei''), which renames itself as the [[Nazi Party]] (''Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei'').

===March===
{{Main|March 1920}}
* [[March 1]]
** Hungarian [[Admiral]] and statesman [[Miklós Horthy]] becomes the [[Regent]] of [[Kingdom of Hungary (1920–46)|Hungary]].
** The [[United States Railroad Administration]] returns control of American railroads to its constituent railroad companies.
* [[March 7]] &ndash; The Syrian National Congress proclaims [[Arab Kingdom of Syria|Syria]] independent, with [[Faisal I of Iraq]] as king.
* [[March 10]] &ndash; The world's first peaceful establishment of a [[social democracy|social democratic]] government takes place in [[Sweden]] as [[Hjalmar Branting]] takes over as [[Prime Minister of Sweden|prime minister]] when [[Nils Edén]] leaves office.
* [[March 13]]–[[March 17|17]] &ndash; [[Wolfgang Kapp]] and [[Walther von Lüttwitz]]'s ''[[Kapp Putsch]]'' (an attempted [[coup d'état|coup]] in Germany) briefly ousts the [[Weimar Republic]] government from Berlin, but fails due to public resistance and a general strike.
* [[March 15]] &ndash; The [[Ruhr Red Army]], a communist army 50,000 men strong, is formed in [[Weimar Republic|Germany]].
* [[March 15]]–[[March 16|16]] &ndash; [[Occupation of Constantinople#Military occupation of Constantinople|Constantinople is occupied]] by [[British Empire]] forces, acting for the [[Allies of World War I|Allied Powers]] against the [[Turkish National Movement]]. Retrospectively, the [[Grand National Assembly of Turkey]] regards this as the dissolution of the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman regime]] in [[Istanbul]].<ref>Declaration of 1 November [[1922]].</ref>
* [[March 18]] &ndash; [[Kingdom of Greece (Glücksburg)|Greece]] begins using the [[Gregorian calendar]].
* [[March 19]] &ndash; The [[United States Senate]] refuses to ratify the [[Treaty of Versailles]].
* [[March 23]] &ndash; Admiral [[Miklós Horthy]] declares that [[Kingdom of Hungary (1920–46)|Hungary]] is a monarchy, without anyone on the throne.
* [[March 25]] &ndash; [[Irish War of Independence]]: British recruits to the [[Royal Irish Constabulary]] begin to arrive in Ireland. They become known from their improvised uniforms as the "[[Black and Tans]]".<ref name=Cottrell>{{cite book|first=Peter|last=Cottrell|title=The War for Ireland, 1913-1923|location=Oxford|publisher=Osprey Publishing|year=2009|isbn=978-1-84603-9966}}</ref>
* [[March 26]]
** The German government asks France for permission to use its own troops against the rebellious [[Ruhr Red Army]], in the French-occupied area.
** American fiction writer [[F. Scott Fitzgerald]] makes his name with publication of ''[[This Side of Paradise]]''.
* [[March 28]] &ndash; The [[1920 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak]] hits the [[Great Lakes region]] and [[Deep South]] of the United States.
* [[March 29]] &ndash; [[Sir William Robertson, 1st Baronet|Sir William Robertson]] is promoted to [[Field Marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]], the first man to rise from [[Private (rank)|private]] (enlisted [[1877]]) to the highest rank in the [[British Army]].<ref>{{cite ODNB|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/35786|title=Robertson, Sir William Robert, first baronet (1860–1933)|first=David R.|last=Woodward |edition=Online|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/35786|access-date=2007-12-07 |date=September 2004}}</ref>

===April===
{{Main|April 1920}} 
* [[April 2]] &ndash; The German army marches to the [[Ruhr]] to fight the [[Ruhr Red Army]].
* [[April 3]] &ndash; Failed [[Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim#1920 assassination attempt|assassination attempts on General Mannerheim]], retired leader of the victorious [[White Guard (Finland)|White Guard]] in the Finnish Civil War, led by Aleksander Weckman by order of [[Eino Rahja]], during a White Guard parade in [[Tampere]], [[Finland]].<ref>[http://www.mikkoporvali.fi/index.php?page=1038&lang=1 Mikko Porvali : Murhayritys joka jäi tekemättä] (in Finnish)</ref><ref>[https://walkhelsinki.fi/mannerheimin-murhayrityksen-jalkinaytos-kaytiin-vallilassa/ Mannerheimin murhayrityksen jälkinäytös käytiin Vallilassa] (in Finnish)</ref>
* [[April 4]] &ndash; [[1920 Palestine riots]]: Violence erupts between Arab and Jewish residents in [[Jerusalem]]; 9 are killed, 216 injured.
* [[April 6]] &ndash; The short-lived [[Far Eastern Republic]] is declared in eastern [[Siberia]].
* [[April 11]] &ndash; [[Mexican Revolution]]: [[Álvaro Obregón]] flees from Mexico City (during a trial intended to ruin his reputation) to [[Guerrero]], where he joins Fortunato Maycotte.
* [[April 19]]–[[April 26|26]] &ndash; [[San Remo conference]]: Representatives of Italy, France, the United Kingdom, and Japan meet to determine the [[League of Nations mandate]]s for administration of territories, following the [[partitioning of the Ottoman Empire]].
* [[April 19]] &ndash; Germany and [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Soviet Russia]] agree to the exchange of prisoners of war.
* [[April 20]] &ndash; [[Mexican Revolution]]: [[Álvaro Obregón]] announces (in [[Chilpancingo]]) that he intends to fight against the rule of [[Venustiano Carranza]].
* [[April 23]] &ndash; The [[Grand National Assembly of Turkey]] is founded by [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]], in [[Ankara]]. It denounces the government of Sultan [[Mehmed VI]] and announces a temporary constitution.
* [[April 24]] &ndash; [[Polish–Soviet War]]: [[Second Polish Republic|Polish]] and anti-Soviet [[Ukrainian People's Republic|Ukrainian]] troops attack the [[Red Army]] in Soviet Ukraine.
* [[April 26]] &ndash; The [[Khorezm People's Soviet Republic]] is officially created by [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Soviet Russia]], as the successor to the [[Khanate of Khiva]].
* [[April 28]] &ndash; The [[Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic]] is officially created.

===May===
{{Main|May 1920}}
* [[May 3]] &ndash; A [[1920 Georgian coup attempt|Bolshevik coup]] fails in the [[Democratic Republic of Georgia]].
* [[May 7]]
** [[Polish–Soviet War]]: [[Second Polish Republic|Polish]] troops occupy [[Kyiv]]. The government of the [[Ukrainian People's Republic]] returns to the city.
** [[Mexican Revolution]]: [[Venustiano Carranza]] leaves Mexico City in a large train.
** [[Treaty of Moscow (1920)]]: [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Soviet Russia]] recognizes the independence of the [[Democratic Republic of Georgia]], only to invade the country six months later.
* [[May 10]] &ndash; [[Agnès Souret]] is elected "The most beautiful woman in France", retrospectively considered the first [[Miss France]].
* [[May 15]] &ndash; [[October Revolution|Russian Revolution]]: Russian White soldier [[Maria Bochkareva]] is executed in Soviet Russia.
* [[May 16]]
** [[Canonization of Joan of Arc]]: Over 30,000 people attend the ceremony in Rome, including 140 descendants of Joan of Arc's family. [[Pope Benedict XV]] presides over the rite, for which the interior of [[St. Peter's Basilica]] in Rome is richly decorated.
** A [[referendum]] in Switzerland favors joining the [[League of Nations]].
* [[May 17]]
** French and Belgian troops leave the cities they have occupied in Germany.
** The first flight of Dutch air company [[KLM]], from [[Amsterdam]] to London, takes place.
* [[May 19]] &ndash; [[Mexican Revolution]]: [[Álvaro Obregón]]'s troops enter Mexico City.
* [[May 20]] &ndash; [[Mexican Revolution]]: [[Venustiano Carranza]] arrives in San Antonio Tlaxcalantongo; troops of [[Rodolfo Herrero]] attack him at night and shoot him.
* [[May 24]] &ndash; [[Venustiano Carranza]] is buried in Mexico City; all of his mourning allies are arrested. [[Adolfo de la Huerta]] is elected provisional president.
* [[May 26]] &ndash; [[1920 Ganja revolt|Ganja revolt]]: [[Anti-Soviet]] opposition in the [[Azerbaijan SSR]] launches an abortive revolt in [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]].
* [[May 27]] &ndash; [[Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk]] becomes president of [[Czechoslovakia]].
* [[May 29]] &ndash; [[Louth, Lincolnshire#Floods|Floods at Louth, Lincolnshire]] in England kill 23.

===June===
{{Main|June 1920}}
* [[June 4]] &ndash; [[Treaty of Trianon]]: Peace is restored between the [[Allies of World War I|Allied Powers]] and [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]], which loses 72% of its territory.
* [[June 5]] &ndash; Bolshevik cavalry breaks through Polish and Ukrainian lines south of Kyiv, precipitating eventual withdrawal.
* [[June 12]] &ndash; [[Polish–Soviet War]]: The [[Red Army]] retakes [[Kyiv]].
* [[June 13]]
** [[Essad Pasha Toptani]], nominal ruler of [[Principality of Albania|Albania]], is assassinated by [[Avni Rustemi]] in Paris.
** The [[United States Postal Service|United States Post Office Department]] rules that children may not be sent via parcel post.<ref>[http://www.on-this-day.com/onthisday/thedays/alldays/jun13.htm June 13] On-This-Day.com</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/brief-history-children-sent-through-mail-180959372/|title=A Brief History of Children Sent Through the Mail|last=Lewis|first=Danny|website=Smithsonian|language=en|access-date=2019-11-20}}</ref>
* [[June 15]]
** A new border treaty between [[Weimar Republic|Germany]] and Denmark gives northern [[Duchy of Schleswig|Schleswig]] to Denmark.
** The [[Estonian Constituent Assembly]] adopts the [[Constitution of Estonia#First Constitution (1934–1938)|first constitution]] of [[Estonia]], which will come into effect on [[December 21]] this year.
** [[Duluth lynchings]]: Three African American circus workers are sprung from jail, subjected to a [[kangaroo court]] and hanged by a white mob in [[Duluth, Minnesota]], in the northern United States.
** Australian soprano [[Nellie Melba]] becomes history's first well-known performer to make a radio broadcast when she sings two arias as part of an experimental series of broadcasts from a studio at the [[Marconi Company]]'s factory at [[Chelmsford]] in England.
* [[June 22]] &ndash; [[Greek Summer Offensive (1920)|Greek Summer Offensive]]: [[Kingdom of Greece (Glücksburg)|Greece]] attacks [[Ottoman Empire|Turkish]] troops.
* [[June 28]] &ndash; [[Sigma Tau Gamma]] is founded on campus at the [[University of Central Missouri]] in Warrensburg, Missouri
* [[June 29]] &ndash; The Republic of China joins the [[League of Nations]].

===July===
{{Main|July 1920}}
* [[July 1]] &ndash; [[Weimar Republic|Germany]] declares its neutrality in the [[Polish–Soviet War]].
* [[July 2]] &ndash; [[Polish–Soviet War]]: The [[Red Army]] continues its offensive into [[Second Polish Republic|Poland]].
* [[July 7]] &ndash; [[Arthur Meighen]] becomes Canada's ninth [[Prime Minister of Canada|prime minister]].
* [[July 11]] &ndash; The [[East Prussian plebiscite]] determines that most of the territory in question will remain German.
* [[July 12]] &ndash; [[Soviet–Lithuanian Peace Treaty]]: The [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic]] recognizes independent [[Lithuania]].
* [[July 19]]–[[August 7]] &ndash; The [[2nd World Congress of the Comintern|Second Congress]] of the [[Comintern|Communist International]] takes place in [[Saint Petersburg]] and Moscow; the [[Twenty-one Conditions]] are adopted.
* [[July 20]] &ndash; The United Kingdom cedes its brief control of the key [[Black Sea]] port of [[Batumi|Batum]] to the [[Democratic Republic of Georgia]].
* [[July 21]] &ndash; The [[Interallied Mission to Poland]] takes place.
* [[July 22]] &ndash; [[Polish–Soviet War]]: [[Second Polish Republic|Poland]] sues for peace with [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Soviet Russia]] (which refuses).
* [[July 24]] &ndash; [[Battle of Maysalun]]: The [[French Third Republic|French]] defeat the [[Syria (region)|Syria]]n army, whose leader [[Yusuf al-'Azma]] is killed. French troops occupy [[Damascus]] and depose [[Faisal I of Iraq|Faisal I of Syria]] as king.<ref name="French occupation of Syria">{{cite book|title=World War I|url=https://archive.org/details/worldwari0000carl|url-access=registration|last=Carlisle|first=Rodney|year=2007|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldwari0000carl/page/291 291]|publisher=Facts on File|isbn=978-0-8160-6061-0}}</ref>
* [[July 26]] &ndash; [[Mexican Revolution]]: [[Pancho Villa]] takes over [[Sabinas Hidalgo, Nuevo León|Sabina]] and contacts Mexican president de la Huerta to offer his conditional surrender, which he signs on [[July 28]].
* [[July 29]] &ndash; The [[United States Bureau of Reclamation]] begins construction of the [[Link River Dam]], as part of the [[Klamath Reclamation Project]].
* [[July 30]]–[[August 8]] &ndash; The [[1st World Scout Jamboree]] is held at [[Olympia, London]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pinetreeweb.com/1920-jamboree.htm|title=1st World Jamboree|work=The Pine Tree Web|year=1998|access-date=2011-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514054243/http://www.pinetreeweb.com/1920-jamboree.htm|archive-date=May 14, 2011|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
* [[July 31]]
** Irish-born Australian [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] Archbishop [[Daniel Mannix]] is detained on board ship by British authorities off [[Cobh|Queenstown]] and prevented from landing in Ireland or from speaking in the main Irish Catholic communities elsewhere in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite ODNB|first=Patrick|last=O'Farrell|title=Mannix, Daniel (1864–1963)|year=2004|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/55446|access-date=2011-11-11|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/55446}}</ref>
** France prohibits the sale or prescription of [[birth control|contraceptives]].
** Representatives of [[British people|British]] [[Revolutionary socialism|revolutionary socialist]] groups meet at the Cannon Street Hotel in [[London]] and agree to form the [[Communist Party of Great Britain]].

===August===
{{Main|August 1920}}
[[File:1920 olympics poster.jpg|thumb|115px|right|[[1920 Summer Olympics]]]]
* [[August 3]] &ndash; [[Irish War of Independence]]: [[Catholic Church|Catholics]] riot in [[Belfast]], in protest at the continuing [[British Army]] presence.
* [[August 10]] &ndash; [[Ottoman Dynasty|Ottoman Sultan]] [[Mehmed VI]]'s representatives sign the [[Treaty of Sèvres]] with the [[Allies of World War I|Allied Powers]], confirming arrangements for the [[partitioning of the Ottoman Empire]].
* [[August 11]] &ndash; [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Bolshevik Russia]] [[Latvian–Soviet Peace Treaty|recognizes]] independent [[Latvia]].
* [[August 13]]–[[August 25|25]] &ndash; [[Polish–Soviet War]]: [[Battle of Warsaw (1920)|Battle of Warsaw]] &ndash; The [[Red Army]] is defeated.
* [[August 13]] &ndash; [[Irish War of Independence]]: The [[Restoration of Order in Ireland Act 1920|Restoration of Order in Ireland Act]] (passed by the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]]) receives [[Royal Assent]], providing for [[Irish Republican Army (1919–1922)|Irish Republican Army]] activists to be tried by [[court-martial]], rather than by [[jury]] in criminal courts.<ref name=Cottrell/>
* [[August 14]]–[[September 12]] &ndash; Main events of the [[1920 Summer Olympics]] in [[Antwerp]], Belgium (there have been ceremonies and outlying events since April). The [[Olympic symbols]] of five interlocking rings and the associated flag are first displayed at the games.
* [[August 19]]–[[August 25|25]] &ndash; [[Silesian Uprisings#Second Silesian Uprising (1920)|Second Silesian Uprising]]: The Poles in [[Upper Silesia]] rise up against the Germans.
* [[August 19]] &ndash; [[Russian Civil War]]: Peasants in [[Tambov Governorate]] begin the [[Tambov Rebellion]] against the [[Bolshevik]] government of [[Soviet Russia]].
* [[August 20]] &ndash; The first commercial radio station in the United States, 8MK ([[WWJ (AM)|WWJ]]), begins operations in [[Detroit]]. It is owned by the ''Detroit News'', the first U.S. radio station owned by a newspaper.
* [[August 22]] &ndash; The [[Salzburg Festival]] in Austria is inaugurated as a regular event.<ref>{{cite book|first=Michael P.|last=Steinberg|title=The Meaning of the Salzburg Festival: Austria as Theater and Ideology, 1890-1938|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=epOfAAAAMAAJ|year=1990|publisher=Cornell University Press|location=Ithaca, NY|isbn=978-0-8014-2362-8|page=164}}</ref>
* [[August 26]] &ndash; The [[Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution]] is ratified, guaranteeing [[women's suffrage]].
* [[August 28]]–[[September 2]] &ndash; [[Bukhara operation (1920)|Bukhara operation]]: The [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian]] [[Red Army]] and [[Young Bukharians]] overthrow the [[Emirate of Bukhara]], leading to the establishment of the [[Bukharan People's Soviet Republic]].

===September===
{{Main|September 1920}}
* [[September 5]]  
** [[Mahatma Gandhi]] launches the [[Non-cooperation movement (1909–22)|Non-Cooperation Movement]] in India, with the goal of obtaining independence from British rule
** Presidential elections begin in Mexico.
* [[September 8]] &ndash; [[Gabriele D'Annunzio]] proclaims the [[Italian Regency of Carnaro]] in the city of [[Rijeka|Fiume]].
* [[September 9]] &ndash; The [[Lotta Svärd]] women's paramilitary auxiliary is founded in Finland.<ref>{{cite book|author=Jukka Paakki|title=Arto Salomaa: Mathematician, Computer Scientist, and Teacher: A Thematic Biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6Py0DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA13|date=8 October 2019|publisher=Springer Nature|isbn=978-3-030-16049-4|pages=13}}</ref>
* [[September 12]] &ndash; The position of [[List of heads of the Serbian Orthodox Church|Patriarch of the Serbs]] is re-established as the authority over the [[Serbian Orthodox Church]], almost 156 years to the day after it was abolished by the [[Ottoman Empire]] in [[1766]].<ref>"Yugoslavia", in ''The Statesman's Year-Book: Statistical and Historical Annual of the States of the World for the Year 1936'' (Macmillan and Co., 1936) p1388</ref>
* [[September 16]]
** [[Wall Street bombing]]: A bomb in a horse wagon (perhaps planted by ''[[Galleanisti]]'') explodes in front of the [[23 Wall Street|J. P. Morgan Building]] in New York City, killing 38 and injuring 400.
** The [[Latvian Land Reform of 1920]] is adopted by the [[Constitutional Assembly of Latvia]].
* [[September 17]] &ndash; The [[National Football League]] is established, as the American Professional Football Association.
* [[September 20]] &ndash; The first soldier joins ''El Tercio de Extranjeros'' (the "Regiment of Foreigners", later the [[Spanish Legion]]). Under the command of [[José Millán Astray]] and [[Francisco Franco]], its first duties are against [[Rifian people|Rif]] rebels in the [[Spanish protectorate in Morocco]].
* [[September 21]] &ndash; The [[Communist Party of Uruguay]] is founded.
* [[September 22]] &ndash; The London [[Metropolitan Police]] forms the [[Flying Squad]], a motorised mobile detective patrol unit.
* [[September 25]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Seeb]] is signed, ending the [[Muscat rebellion]] and granting the [[Imamate of Oman]] Autonomy from the [[Muscat and Oman|Sultanate of Muscat and Oman]].
* [[September 27]] &ndash; [[Polish–Soviet War]]: [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Soviet Russia]] sues for peace with Poland.
* [[September 29]]
** The first domestic radio sets come to stores in the United States; a [[Westinghouse Electric (1886)|Westinghouse]] radio costs $10.
** [[Adolf Hitler]] makes his first public appearance in Austria, with speeches in Vienna, Innsbruck and Salzburg.

===October===
{{Main|October 1920}}
* October &ndash; English writer [[Agatha Christie]]'s first novel, ''[[The Mysterious Affair at Styles]]'', appears in the U.S., introducing her long-running Belgian detective character [[Hercule Poirot]] in the setting of an [[English country house]]. (The book is published in the U.K. in 1921.)
* [[October 3]] &ndash; The [[Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe]] horse race first runs in Paris.
* [[October 4]] &ndash; The [[Mannerheim League for Child Welfare]], a Finnish [[non-governmental organization]], is founded on the initiative of [[Sophie Mannerheim]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hs.fi/kaupunki/helsinki/art-2000006380719.html|title=Sophie Mannerheim käveli Kalliossa ja järkyttyi: Sitten hän keksi ovelan juonen, jolla koko Suomi saatiin syytämään apua äärimmäisessä köyhyydessä eläville lapsille|first=Marjaana|last=Varmavuori|work=[[Helsingin Sanomat]]|date=January 22, 2020|access-date=September 15, 2021|language=fi}}</ref>
* [[October 9]] &ndash; [[Polish–Lithuanian War]]: Polish troops take [[Vilnius]].
* [[October 10]] &ndash; [[Carinthian Plebiscite]]: A large part of [[Carinthia (province)|Carinthia Province]] votes to become part of Austria, rather than [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]].
* [[October 14]] &ndash; A peace treaty between the Soviet and the Finnish governments is concluded at [[Tartu]].
* [[October 16]] &ndash; [[Polish–Soviet War]]: After the Polish army captures [[Ternopil|Tarnopol]], [[Dubno]], [[Minsk]] and Dryssa, the ceasefire is enforced.
* [[October 18]] &ndash; Thousands of unemployed demonstrate in London; 50 are injured.
* [[October 26]] &ndash; [[Álvaro Obregón]] is announced as the elected [[president of Mexico]].
* [[October 27]]
**The [[League of Nations]] moves its headquarters to [[Geneva]], Switzerland.
**Baron [[Gerhard Louis De Geer|Louis De Geer the Younger]] becomes the new prime minister of Sweden.
*[[October 30]] &ndash; The [[Communist Party of Australia]] is founded in Sydney.
*[[October 31]] &ndash; Dr. [[Frederick Banting]] of Ontario first records his insight on how to isolate [[insulin]] for the treatment of [[diabetes]]; the first successful human trial of insulin will occur 15 months later.

===November===
{{Main|November 1920}}
* [[November 2]]
** [[1920 United States presidential election]]: Republican [[United States Senator|U.S. senator]] [[Warren G. Harding]] defeats [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] governor of [[Ohio]] [[James M. Cox]] and Socialist [[Eugene V. Debs]], in the first national U.S. election in which women have the right to vote.
** In the United States, [[KDKA (AM)|KDKA AM]] of [[Pittsburgh]] (owned by [[Westinghouse Electric (1886)|Westinghouse]]) starts broadcasting as a commercial [[radio broadcasting|radio station]]. The first broadcast is the results of the [[1920 United States presidential election|presidential election]].
** [[Meiji Shrine]], one of many landmark spots in [[Tokyo]], is officially built in [[Japan]].<ref>[[:ja:明治神宮#沿革]] '''(Japanese language)''' Retrieved January 15, 2016.</ref>
* [[November 11]] &ndash; In London, [[The Cenotaph]] is unveiled and [[The Unknown Warrior]] is buried in [[Westminster Abbey]]; while in Paris the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier is consecrated beneath the [[Arc de Triomphe]].
* [[November 12]] &ndash; Italy and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes sign the [[Treaty of Rapallo (1920)|Treaty of Rapallo]].
* [[November 13]] &ndash; The [[White Army]]'s last units and civilian refugees are evacuated from the [[Crimea]] onboard 126 ships, "[[Wrangel's fleet]]" (the remnants of the Imperial Russian Navy's Black Sea Fleet), to [[Turkey]], [[Tunisia]] and the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia|Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]], accompanied by wide-scale civilian massacres. The total number of evacuees amounts to approximately 150,000 people, of which 20% are civilians.
* [[November 14]] &ndash; The [[Edmonton Symphony Orchestra]] holds its first concert, in Alberta.
* [[November 15]] &ndash; In [[Geneva]], the first assembly of the [[League of Nations]] is held.
* [[November 16]] &ndash; Queensland and Northern Territory Aviation Services (''[[Qantas]]'') is founded by [[Hudson Fysh]] and [[Paul McGinness]].
* [[November 17]] &ndash; The council of the [[League of Nations]] accepts the [[constitution]] for the [[Free City of Danzig]].
* [[November 20]] &ndash; [[Prince Arthur of Connaught]] is appointed the 3rd [[Governor-General of South Africa]].
* [[November 21]] &ndash; [[Irish War of Independence]]: [[Bloody Sunday (1920)|Bloody Sunday]] – The [[Irish Republican Army (1919–1922)|Irish Republican Army]] (IRA), on the instructions of [[Michael Collins (Irish leader)|Michael Collins]], shoot dead the "Cairo gang", 14 British undercover agents in [[Dublin]], most in their homes. Later this day in retaliation, the [[Auxiliary Division]] of the [[Royal Irish Constabulary]] open fire on a crowd at a [[Gaelic Athletic Association]] football match in [[Croke Park]], resulting in 14 deaths with 60 wounded.<ref name=Cottrell/><ref name="Cassell's Chronology">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/488 488–490]}}</ref> Three men are shot this night in [[Dublin Castle]] "while trying to escape".
* [[November 28]]
** [[Irish War of Independence]]: [[Kilmichael Ambush]] – The flying column of the [[3rd Cork Brigade]] of the [[Irish Republican Army (1919–1922)|Irish Republican Army]], led by [[Tom Barry (Irish republican)|Tom Barry]], ambushes two lorries carrying men of the [[Auxiliary Division]] of the [[Royal Irish Constabulary]] at [[Kilmichael, County Cork]], killing 17 (with 3 of its own men also dying), which leads to official reprisals.<ref name=Cottrell/>
** [[FIDAC]] (French: '''''F'''édération '''I'''nteralliée '''d'''es '''A'''nciens '''C'''ombattants'', English: ''The Interallied Federation of War Veterans Organisations'') is established in Paris at the initiative of veterans from [[World War I]], predominantly [[Pacifism|pacifists]], joined by associations of veterans from France, the United Kingdom, United States, Belgium, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Italy and Serbia.<ref name=":0">''F.I.D.A.C. (Fédération Interalliée des Anciens Combattants) – Historique. Statuts. Règlement intérieur. Carte d’Identité FIDAC. La Médaille Scolaire FIDAC | History. Constitution. By-Laws. FIDAC Identity Card. FIDAC Educational Medal; Paris'', 1933, p. 2-3</ref>

===December===
{{Main|December 1920}}

* December 
** The so-called [[Spanish flu]] pandemic ends with an estimated total of between seventeen and fifty million dead since [[1918]]. It would be the last global [[pandemic]] until the [[2009 swine flu pandemic]] almost 90 years later.
** The first edition of the ''[[Poems (Wilfred Owen)|Poems]]'' of the English [[war poet]] [[Wilfred Owen]], killed in action in [[1918]], appears in London, introduced by his friend [[Siegfried Sassoon]]. Only five of Owen's verses having been published in his lifetime, the collection introduces his work to many readers. It includes the [[1917]] poems "[[Anthem for Doomed Youth]]" and "[[Dulce et Decorum est]]", one of the best-known poetic condemnations of war.<ref>{{cite book|first=Ian|last=Scott-Kilvert|title=British Writers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FNZN1_tGI4MC|year=1979|publisher=Scribner|isbn=978-0-684-16637-7|page=459}}</ref>
* [[December 1]] &ndash; The [[Mexican Revolution]] effectively ends with a new regime coming to power.<ref>{{cite book|author=Leslie Bethell|title=Mexico since Independence|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ltPLCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA204|date=27 September 1991|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-316-58356-2|pages=204}}</ref>
* [[December 3]] &ndash; Following more than a month of the [[Turkish–Armenian War]], the Turkish-dictated [[Treaty of Alexandropol]] is concluded.
* [[December 7]] &ndash; The first draft of the [[Mandate for Palestine]] is submitted to the League of Nations.
* [[December 5]] &ndash; A [[referendum]] in [[Kingdom of Greece|Greece]] is favorable to the reinstatement of the monarchy.
* [[December 10]] &ndash; [[Irish War of Independence]]: [[Martial law]] is declared in Counties [[County Cork|Cork]], [[County Kerry|Kerry]], [[County Limerick|Limerick]] and [[County Tipperary|Tipperary]] by the British authorities.<ref name=Cottrell/>
* [[December 11]] &ndash; [[Burning of Cork]] in Ireland: British forces set fire to some {{convert|5|acre|m2}} of the centre of [[Cork (city)|Cork]], including the City Hall, in reprisal attacks, after a British auxiliary is killed in a guerilla ambush.
* [[December 13]] &ndash; Confectionery company [[Haribo]] is founded in Bonn, Germany.
* [[December 15]]–[[December 22|22]] &ndash; The Brussels Conference establishes a timetable for German war reparations, intended to extend for over 42 years.
[[File:1920 Gansu earthquake.svg|thumb|115px|[[1920 Haiyuan earthquake|Haiyuan earthquake]]]]
* [[December 16]]
** An 8.2 [[Richter magnitude scale|Richter scale]] [[1920 Haiyuan earthquake|Haiyuan earthquake]] causes a [[landslide]] in [[Gansu|Gansu Province]], China, killing 273,000.
** Finland joins the [[League of Nations]].
* [[December 17]] &ndash; South Africa is granted a [[League of Nations mandate|League of Nations Class C mandate]] over [[South West Africa]].
* [[December 22]] &ndash; The 8th [[Congress of Soviets|Congress of Soviets of the Russian SFSR]] adopts the [[GOELRO plan]], the major scheme for the economic development of the country.
* [[December 23]] 
** The United Kingdom and France ratify the border between French-held [[Syria]] and British-held [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]].
** The [[Government of Ireland Act 1920]], passed by the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]], receives [[Royal Assent]] from [[George V]], providing for the [[partition of Ireland]] into [[Northern Ireland]] and [[Southern Ireland (1921–22)|Southern Ireland]], with separate parliaments, granting a measure of [[home rule]].<ref name=Cottrell/><ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/>
* [[December 25]] &ndash; The [[Rosicrucian Fellowship]]'s spiritual healing temple ''The Ecclesia'' is dedicated at [[Mount Ecclesia]], [[Oceanside, California]].

===Date unknown===
* [[Hydrocodone]], a narcotic analgesic closely related to codeine, is first synthesized in Germany, by [[Carl Mannich]] and Helene Löwenheim.
* Approximate date &ndash; The [[HIV/AIDS]] [[Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS|pandemic]] almost certainly originates in Léopoldville, modern-day [[Kinshasa]], the capital of the [[Belgian Congo]].<ref>Based on its genetic history. {{cite web|title=HIV pandemic's origins located|url=http://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2014-10-03-hiv-pandemics-origins-located#|publisher=[[University of Oxford]]|date=2014-10-03|access-date=2014-10-29}}</ref>