Editing 1905 (section)

== Events ==
[[File:McCutcheonNY1905.jpg|thumb|"[[Baby New Year]]", a cartoon by [[John T. McCutcheon]] depicting the new year 1905 chasing the old 1904 into the history books]]
[[File:Einstein patentoffice.jpg|thumb|150px|right|'''1905''': [[Albert Einstein|Einstein]]'s "miracle year"]]

=== January ===
{{Main|January 1905}}

[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-S01260, St. Petersburg, Militär vor Winterpalast.jpg|thumb|'''January 22''' (9 O.S.): The [[Bloody Sunday (1905)|Bloody Sunday]] massacre of Russian demonstrators at the [[Winter Palace]] in [[Saint Petersburg]]]]
* [[January 1]] &ndash; In a major defeat in the [[Russo-Japanese War]], Russian General [[Anatoly Stessel]] surrenders [[Lüshunkou District|Port Arthur]], located on mainland China, to the Japanese.<ref>{{cite book|author=Naval War College (U.S.)|title=Naval War College Review|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T24KZRKFMj0C&pg=RA1-PA52|year=1991|publisher=Naval War College|pages=52}}</ref> On January 3, Japan formally repossesses the port, and renames it Ryojun, holding it for the next 40 years. The area will revert in 1945 to China, and become the [[Lushunkou District]].<ref name=Jan05/>
* [[January 4]]
**Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino becomes Prime Minister of Romania for the second time, having previously served from 1899 to 1900, and remains in office for more than two years.<ref>"Cantacuzino, Gheorghe Grigore", in ''Biographical Dictionary of Central and Eastern Europe in the Twentieth Century'', ed. by Wojciech Roszkowski and Jan Kofman (Taylor & Francis, 2016) p. 1862</ref> 
**The city of [[Bend, Oregon]], plotted out in 1900 by Alexander Drake, is incorporated as a town for local logging companies, and will have a population of 536 in 1910. By the year 2020, it will have almost 100,000 residents.<ref>Jon Abernathy, ''Bend Beer: A History of Brewing in Central Oregon'' (Arcadia Publishing, 2014)</ref> 
* [[January 5]] &ndash; Baroness [[Emma Orczy]]'s play ''[[The Scarlet Pimpernel]]'', the forerunner of her novel, opens at the [[Noël Coward Theatre|New Theatre]] in London, beginning a run of 122 performances and numerous revivals.<ref>{{cite book|author=Alvin H. Marill|title=More Theatre: M-Z|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u4cjAQAAIAAJ|year=1993|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-2717-2|page=1097}}</ref>
* [[January 6]] &ndash; In the United States:
**The [[Lick Observatory]] announces the discovery on 3 December 1904 of a sixth [[Moons of Jupiter|moon of Jupiter]], made by their astronomer [[Charles Dillon Perrine|Charles D. Perrine]]. Unlike the first five Jovian satellites discovered, the sixth will be referred to by number as "Jupiter VI" until 1975, when named [[Himalia (moon)|Himalia]].<ref name=Jan05/>
**The Senate confirms the nomination of [[William D. Crum]], an African-American, to the office of collector of customs at [[Charleston, South Carolina]] after Crum's nomination by President Theodore Roosevelt.<ref name=Jan05>[https://books.google.com/books?id=YzUbvTmYVcYC ''The American Monthly Review of Reviews''] (February 1905) pp. 154-156</ref>
* [[January 11]] &ndash; Under the supervision of five editors, work begins on the comprehensive ''[[Catholic Encyclopedia]]'', subtitled "An International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Doctrine, Discipline, and History of the Catholic Church" and published by the Robert Appleton Company, specifically set up in New York City for the purpose. The first volume will appear in 1907.
* [[January 14]] &ndash; [[Jens Christian Christensen]] takes office as the new [[List of prime ministers of Denmark|Prime Minister of Denmark]].<ref name=Jan05/>
* [[January 15]] &ndash; A series of three {{convert|41|m|ft}} high [[tsunami]]s kill 61 people in [[Norway]] in the villages of Ytre Nesdal and Bødal after a [[rockslide]] sweeps down Mount Ramnefjell and crashes into [[Lovatnet|Lake Lovatnet]].<ref>[https://www.fjords.com/rock-avalanches-loen/ "Loen Accidents in 1905 and 1936"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030173622/https://www.fjords.com/rock-avalanches-loen/ |date=October 30, 2022 }}, by Christer Hoel, Fjords.com</ref>
* [[January 17]] &ndash; In France, Prime Minister [[Émile Combes]] and his cabinet announce their resignations after being implicated in the [[Affair of the Cards]] (''L'Affaire des Fiches''), a system set up by the War Ministry to purge the French Army officers corps of Jesuits.<ref>Piers Paul Read, ''The Dreyfus Affair: The Scandal That Tore France in Two'' (Bloomsbury, 2012) p. 338</ref> 
* [[January 21]] &ndash; The [[Dominican Republic]] signs an agreement with the United States to allow the U.S. to administer the collection of customs taxes for Santo Domingo for 50 years, with the U.S. to assume responsibility for payment of the Republic's debts to foreign nations from Dominican income. The agreement is done as an exercise of the "[[Roosevelt Corollary]]" to the [[Monroe Doctrine]].<ref name=Feb05>[https://books.google.com/books?id=YzUbvTmYVcYC ''The American Monthly Review of Reviews''] (March 1905) pp. 283-286</ref> 
* [[January 22]] (January 9 [[Old Style and New Style dates|O.S.]]) &ndash; The [[Bloody Sunday (1905)|Bloody Sunday]] massacre of peaceful Russian demonstrators at the [[Winter Palace]] in [[Saint Petersburg]] takes place, leading to [[Revolution of 1905|an unsuccessful uprising]].
* [[January 24]] &ndash; [[Maurice Rouvier]] forms a government as the new [[List of Prime Ministers of France#French Third Republic (1870–1940)|Prime Minister of France]].<ref name=Feb05/>
* [[January 25]] &ndash; Tsar Nicholas II appoints General [[Dmitri Feodorovich Trepov|Dmitri Trepov]] to be the [[Saint Petersburg Governorate|Governor-General of Saint Petersburg]], with absolute power to issue regulations to keep order.<ref name=Feb05/>
* [[January 26]] &ndash; (January 13 O.S. in Russia) 
**[[Russian Revolution of 1905]]: The [[Imperial Russian Army]] opens fire on demonstrators in [[Riga]], [[Governorate of Livonia]], killing 73 people and injuring 200.
**[[1905 Hungarian parliamentary election|Elections are held in Hungary]] for the 413 seats in the [[Diet of Hungary|Országgyűlés]], the Kingdom's parliament within Austria-Hungary. Voters overwhelmingly reject the [[Liberal Party (Hungary)|Liberal Party]], led by Prime Minister [[István Tisza]], that has ruled Hungary since 1875, and the Liberals lose 118 of their 277 seats, but Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria-Hungary (in his capacity as King Ferenc József) ignores the results and keeps Tisza in power.<ref name=Feb05/>
* [[January 27]] &ndash; The [[Alaska Equal Rights Act of 1945#Nelson Act|Nelson Act]] is passed into law in the United States, providing for racial segregation of schools in the Alaska Territory.<ref>David S. Case and David A. Voluck, eds. ''Alaska Natives and American Laws'' (University of Alaska Press, 2012) p. 203</ref>
* [[January 29]] &ndash; [[Revolution in the Kingdom of Poland (1905–1907)|Rioting breaks out in Warsaw]], at this time under Russian Imperial rule with a Russian Governor-General.<ref name=Feb05/>
* [[January 30]] &ndash; The U.S. Supreme Court renders its unanimous decision in the landmark case of ''[[Swift & Co. v. United States]]'', allowing the federal government to regulate monopolies.<ref name=Feb05/>
* [[January 31]] &ndash; "The greatest ball of the [[Gilded Age]]"<ref>"Panic of 1907", in ''The 100 Most Significant Events in American Business: An Encyclopedia'', by Quentin R. Skrabec (Greenwood Publishing, 2012) p. 134.</ref> is held by [[James Hazen Hyde]], the 28-year-old heir to the fortune of the founder of the Equitable Life Assurance Association" at New York City's Sherry Hotel, spending $200,000 for a "Louis XV costume ball" for invited guests.<ref>Michael Lesy and Lisa Stoffer, ''Repast: Dining Out at the Dawn of the New American Century, 1900-1910'' (W. W. Norton, 2013) pp. 195-197</ref>

=== February ===
{{Main|February 1905}}
* [[February 1]] &ndash; U.S. Senator [[John H. Mitchell]] of [[Oregon]] is indicted by a federal grand jury on charges arising from [[Oregon land fraud scandal|a scandal involving land grants in the state]] and illegally using his influence for private clients.<ref name=Feb05/>
* [[February 3]] &ndash; The first performance of ''[[A Shropshire Lad]]'', the setting to music of the 1896 set of 63 poems of [[Alfred Edward Housman|A. E. Housman]] by [[Arthur Somervell]] as a [[song-cycle]], takes place at [[Aeolian Hall (London)|Aeolian Hall]] in [[London]].<ref>Stephen Banfield, ''Sensibility and English Song'' (Cambridge University Press, 1985), pp. 233-234</ref>
* [[February 4]] &ndash; [[Argentine Revolution of 1905|A simultaneous uprising begins at six cities in Argentina]] against the government of President [[Manuel Quintana]]. 
* [[February 5]] &ndash; The French ship ''[[Anjou (ship)|Anjou]]'' is wrecked off of the coast of the uninhabited [[Auckland Island]], located {{convert|290|mi}} from the nearest inhabited land in [[New Zealand]]. The castaways live on the isle for more than three months until being rescued on May 7.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-EdeIsla-t1-body-d12.html |title="Islands of Despair: The Wreck of the Anjou" |access-date=November 12, 2022 |archive-date=June 16, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616103437/http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-EdeIsla-t1-body-d12.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>"Chronique", ''Revue de l'Anjou'' (1905)  p. 541</ref>
* [[February 6]] &ndash; [[Eliel Soisalon-Soininen]], the [[Chancellor of Justice (Finland)|Chancellor of Justice]] of the [[Grand Duchy of Finland]] (at this time part of the Russian Empire) is assassinated at [[Helsingfors]] (Helsinki).<ref name=Feb05/> 
* [[February 9]] &ndash; [[Prince A. Morrow]] begins the movement in the U.S. for [[sex education]], with the founding of the Society of Sanitary and Moral Prophylaxis.<ref>Maurice A. Bigelow, ''Sex-Education: A Series of Lectures Concerning Knowledge of Sex and Its Relation to Human Life'' (The Macmillan Company, 1916) p. 227</ref><ref>''History of Social Hygiene 1850-1930'' (American Social Hygiene Association, 1930) pp. 1–6</ref>
* [[February 12]] &ndash; The [[Switzerland national football team]] plays its first international game, losing to [[France national football team|France]], 1 to 0. 
* [[February 16]] &ndash; Six of the 11 crew of the British Royal Navy submarine [[HMS A5|HMS ''A5'']] are killed by a pair of explosions caused by gasoline fumes in port in Ireland.
* [[February 17]] &ndash; [[Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia]], the Governor-General of Moscow and uncle of Tsar Nicholas II, is assassinated.<ref name=Mar05>[https://books.google.com/books?id=YzUbvTmYVcYC ''The American Monthly Review of Reviews''] (April 1905) pp. 413-416</ref> 
* [[February 20]] &ndash; In the [[Russo-Japanese War]], the [[Battle of Mukden]] begins in [[Manchuria]]. 
* [[February 21]] &ndash; Sir [[Wilfrid Laurier]] introduces a resolution in the Canadian parliament proposing that two new provinces, [[Alberta]] and [[Saskatchewan]], be created out of the Northwest Territories.<ref name=Mar05/> 
* [[February 23]] &ndash; [[Rotary International]] is founded in [[Chicago]] in the U.S.<ref>[https://www.rotary.org/en/about-rotary/history "Our History"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112015004/https://www.rotary.org/en/about-rotary/history |date=November 12, 2022 }}, Rotary International</ref>
* [[February 26]] &ndash; Russia sustains a severe defeat in Manchuria at Tsen-ho-Cheng.<ref name=Mar05/>
* [[February 28]] &ndash; [[Jane Stanford]], the co-founder with her husband Leland of [[Stanford University]], is fatally poisoned while visiting the Moana Hotel in Hawaii.<ref>Richard White, ''Who Killed Jane Stanford? A Gilded Age Tale of Murder, Deceit, Spirits, and the Birth of a University'' (W.W. Norton & Company, 2022)</ref>

=== March ===
{{Main|March 1905}}
* [[March 2]] &ndash; Russia's Committee of Ministers votes to grant religious freedom to the subjects of the Russian Empire.<ref name=Mar05/>
* [[March 3]] &ndash; Tsar [[Nicholas II of Russia]] announces his decision to create an elected assembly, the [[Duma]], to represent the people of the Russian Empire in an advisory capacity, although the real power to make laws will remain with the Tsar and the cabinet of ministers. 
* [[March 10]] &ndash; [[Russo-Japanese War]]: The Japanese capture of Mukden (modern-day [[Shenyang]]) completes the rout of Russian armies in [[Manchuria]]. The Russian Army commander, General [[Aleksey Kuropatkin]], telegraphs the Tsar that his armies will be retreating to avoid further danger.
* [[March 13]] &ndash; [[Mata Hari]] introduces her exotic dance act in the [[Musée Guimet]], Paris.<ref>Denise Noe [http://www.crimelibrary.com/terrorists_spies/spies/hari/5.html Mata Hari is Born] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210044610/http://www.crimelibrary.com/terrorists_spies/spies/hari/5.html|date=10 February 2015}}. Crimelibrary.com</ref>
* [[March 14]] &ndash; 23 of the 26 crew of the British [[barque]] [[Gwennap Head#History|''Kyber'']] die when the ship is wrecked off England's [[Land's End]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.submerged.co.uk/the-wreck-of-the-kyber|title=The Wreck of the Kyber|website=Submerged.co.uk|access-date=November 13, 2022|archive-date=November 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113165810/https://www.submerged.co.uk/the-wreck-of-the-kyber/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[March 18]] &ndash; [[Albert Einstein]] submits his paper "On a heuristic viewpoint concerning the production and transformation of light", in which he explains the [[photoelectric effect]] using the notion of [[light quanta]], for publication. 
* [[March 20]]
** The [[Grover Shoe Factory disaster]] kills 58 employees in [[Brockton, Massachusetts]], when a boiler explodes and the factory building collapses. 
** The title [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] is officially recognised by King [[Edward VII]] by a royal warrant.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com.elib.tcd.ie/view/article/32975?docPos=1|title=Edward VII|work=[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]|publisher=Oxford University Press}} {{ODNBsub}}</ref>
* [[March 22]] &ndash; Russia's Committee of Ministers votes to abolish the compulsory use of the [[Russian language]] in schools in "[[Congress Poland]]" (Tsarstvo Polskoye).<ref name=Apr05/>
* [[March 23]] &ndash; The [[Theriso revolt]] begins in [[Crete]] as about 1,500 people led by [[Eleftherios Venizelos]] demand unification with [[Greece]].
* [[March 24]] &ndash; [[Toastmasters International]] is founded by [[Ralph C. Smedley]] in [[Bloomington, Illinois]].<ref>[https://www.toastmasters.org/about/history "History"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113165809/https://www.toastmasters.org/about/history |date=November 13, 2022 }}, Toastmasters International.</ref>
* [[March 29]] &ndash; [[Jimmy Walsh (American boxer)|Jimmy Walsh]] knocks out Monte Attell, in a controversial six-round bout in Philadelphia, to win recognition of the World Bantamweight Championship by the National Boxing Association, despite being disqualified by the referee.

=== April ===
{{Main|April 1905}}
* [[April 1]] &ndash; The British Imperial [[Penny Post]] is extended to include Australia.<ref>{{cite book|first=Richard|last=Blake|title=The Book of Postal Dates, 1635–1985|location=Caterham|publisher=Marden|page=20}}</ref><ref name=Apr05>''The American Monthly Review of Reviews'' (May 1905) pp. 537-539</ref>
* [[April 2]] &ndash; The [[Simplon Tunnel]] through the [[Alps]] is opened to railway traffic.<ref name=Apr05/> 
* [[April 3]] &ndash; A coal mine explosion at [[Zeigler, Illinois]], kills 50 miners.<ref name=Apr05/> 
* [[April 4]] &ndash; In India, the [[1905 Kangra earthquake]] hits the [[Kangra Valley]], kills 20,000 and destroys most buildings in [[Kangra, Himachal Pradesh|Kangra]], [[McLeod Ganj]] and [[Dharamshala]].
* [[April 5]] &ndash; The body of [[John Paul Jones]], "Father of the American Navy", is located in [[Paris]] almost 113 years after his death. 
* [[April 6]] &ndash; [[1905 Chicago teamsters' strike|A violent strike by the Teamsters' Union]] begins in [[Chicago]].<ref>Robert Fitch, ''Solidarity for Sale: How Corruption Destroyed the Labor Movement and Undermined America's Promise'' (Perseus Books, 2006)</ref>
* [[April 8]] &ndash; Hundreds of people are killed in [[Spain]] in the collapse of a dam holding back a reservoir near Madrid.<ref name=Apr05/>
* [[April 17]] &ndash; [[Russia]]'s [[Nicholas II of Russia|Tsar Nicholas II]] issues [[Religion in Russia#History|a decree granting religious freedom]] to his subjects.<ref>[https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1388&context=ree "Religious Freedom Since 1905— Any Progress in Russia?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928193225/https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1388&context=ree |date=September 28, 2022 }} by Irina Budkina, in ''Journal of Religion in Eastern Europe'' (May 2006) p. 24</ref>
* [[April 20]] &ndash; The largest ocean liner in the world at this time, the German [[USS America (ID-3006)|SS ''Amerika'']] is launched.<ref>James E. Wise, Jr. and Scott Baron, "Appendix A. Early Ships Named USS ''America''", in ''At the Helm of USS America: The Aircraft Carrier and Its 23 Commanders, 1965-1996'' p. 229</ref> 
* [[April 23]] &ndash; German General [[Lothar von Trotha]] commander of troops in Germany's colony of [[South-West Africa|Südwestafrika]] (modern-day [[Namibia]]), orders the extermination of the [[Nama people]] within the colony's borders, ultimately killing 10,000.<ref>"Hendrik Witbooi and Samuel Maharero", by Werner Hillebrecht, in ''Re-Viewing Resistance in Namibian History'', ed. by Jeremy Silvester (University of Namibia Press, 2015) p. 51</ref> Von Trotha's proclamation ''Aan de oorlogvorende Namastamme'', proclaims that "The Nama who chooses not to surrender and lets himself be seen in German territory will be shot, until all are exterminated."<ref>[http://www.ppu.org.uk/genocide/g_namibia1.html "Talking About Genocide: Namibia 1904"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080726173121/http://www.ppu.org.uk/genocide/g_namibia1.html |date=July 26, 2008 }}, Peace Pledge Union</ref> 
* [[April 24]] &ndash; [[China]]'s Empress Regent [[Cixi]] (Tzu Hsi) abolishes further use in executions of the nation's three most cruel torture execution methods, [[lingchi]] ("death by a thousand cuts"), [[gibbeting]] (similar to [[crucifixion]], hanging until dying of exposure, thirst or starvation), and desecration of a dying person.<ref>"Traditionalising Chinese Law", by Li Chen, in ''Chinese Legal Reform and the Global Legal Order: Adoption and Adaptation'', ed. by Yun Zhao and Michael Ng (Cambridge University Press, 2018) p. 198</ref>
* [[April 28]] &ndash; A tornado strikes [[Laredo, Texas]] and kills 100.<ref name=May05>''The American Monthly Review of Reviews'' (June 1905) pp. 665–668</ref>
* [[April 30]] &ndash; [[Albert Einstein]] completes his doctoral [[dissertation]], ''A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions'' (submitted July 30 to the [[University of Zurich]]).

=== May ===
{{Main|May 1905}}
* [[May 4]] &ndash;The [[World Heavyweight Wrestling Championship (original version)|first world championship of professional wrestling]] takes place at [[Madison Square Garden (1890)|Madison Square Garden]] in [[New York City]].
* [[May 9]] &ndash; Upon the death of U.S. social activist [[Ann Jarvis|Ann Reeves Jarvis]] In West Virginia, her daughter [[Anna Jarvis]] resolves to campaign across the United States for a proposed "[[Mother's Day]]". 
* [[May 10]] &ndash; The [[1905 Snyder tornado]] destroys the town of [[Snyder, Oklahoma]], killing 97.<ref>[https://www.weather.gov/oun/events-19050510 "The Snyder, Oklahoma Tornado of 10 May 1905"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116183939/https://www.weather.gov/oun/events-19050510 |date=November 16, 2022 }}, National Weather Service</ref>
* [[May 11]] &ndash; [[Albert Einstein]] submits for publication his paper "''[[Über die von der molekularkinetischen Theorie der Wärme geforderte Bewegung von in ruhenden Flüssigkeiten suspendierten Teilchen]]''" ("On the Motion of Small Particles Suspended in a Stationary Liquid, as Required by the Molecular Kinetic Theory of Heat"), based on his doctoral research, delineating a [[stochastic]] model of [[Brownian motion]]. 
* [[May 12]] &ndash; The [[Natural History Museum, London]], unveils its popular exhibit of "[[Dippy (London)|Dippy]]", an exact replica of the skeleton of the ''[[Diplodocus carnegii]]'' dinosaur.
* [[May 15]] &ndash; [[Las Vegas]], [[Nevada]], is founded when {{convert|110|acre}} of land adjacent to the [[Union Pacific Railroad]] tracks are auctioned to form what becomes [[Downtown Las Vegas]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050622085441/http://www.lasvegasnevada.gov/history/default.htm "The History of Las Vegas"], Las Vegas official website, lasvegasnevada.gov</ref>
* [[May 22]] &ndash; [[Abdul Hamid II]], the [[Sultan of the Ottoman Empire]] establishes the [[Ullah millet]] for the [[Aromanians]] of the empire. For this reason, the [[Aromanian National Day]] is sometimes celebrated on this day.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/34296221|title=The ethnicity of Aromanians after 1990: the identity of a minority that behaves like a majority|first=Thede|last=Kahl|author-link=Thede Kahl|journal=Ethnologia Balkanica|volume=6|pages=145–169|year=2002|access-date=November 12, 2021|archive-date=October 31, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211031130621/https://www.academia.edu/34296221|url-status=live}}</ref> The decision is publicly announced the next day, which is more commonly celebrated.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.armanami.org/blog/nikola-minov-why-dont-all-aromanians-celebrate-may-23-as-their-national-day/|title=Nikola Minov: Why don't all Aromanians celebrate May 23 as their national day?|publisher=[[Trâ Armânami Association of French Aromanians]]|date=24 May 2020|access-date=27 November 2020|archive-date=January 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124085036/http://www.armanami.org/blog/nikola-minov-why-dont-all-aromanians-celebrate-may-23-as-their-national-day/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[May 28]] &ndash;  At the end of two days in fighting in the [[Battle of Tsushima]], the Russian Imperial Navy has suffered the deaths of more than 14,000 of the 18,000 sailors and officers it had brought to the battle, and all but four of its Pacific ships. The Japanese loss is three torpedo boats and 800 men.<ref name=Jun05>[https://books.google.com/books?id=jUsfTWbdik4C&q=%22monthly+Review+of+Reviews%22+1905 ''The American Monthly Review of Reviews''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427224815/https://books.google.com/books?id=jUsfTWbdik4C&q=%22monthly+Review+of+Reviews%22+1905 |date=April 27, 2023 }} (July 1905) pp. 26-29</ref>
* [[May 29]] &ndash; Brooklyn Superbas pitcher [[Elmer Stricklett]] introduces the "[[spitball]]" to major league baseball.<ref>Eldon L. Ham, ''Larceny and Old Leather: The Mischievous Legacy of Major League Baseball'' (Chicago Review Press, 2005) pp.16-17</ref>
* [[May 30]] &ndash; Japan's Prime Minister [[Katsura Tarō]] asks U.S. President [[Theodore Roosevelt]] to moderate peace discussions to end the [[Russo-Japanese War]].<ref>Ian Nish, ''Japanese Foreign Policy 1869-1942: Kasumigaseki to Miyakezaka'' (Taylor & Francis, 2013)</ref>

=== June ===
{{Main|June 1905}}
* [[June 1]]
**The Lewis and Clark Exposition opens in [[Portland, Oregon]].<ref name=Jun05/>
**The Sultan of Morocco rejects France's demands for a scheme of reforms.<ref name=Jun05/>
* [[June 6]] &ndash; In [[German Empire|Germany]]'s last royal wedding, [[Wilhelm, German Crown Prince|Crown Prince Wilhelm]], son of Kaiser Wilhelm II and heir to the throne, marries [[Duchess Cecilie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]] in Berlin. 
* [[June 7]] &ndash; The [[Norwegian Parliament]], the [[Storting]], declares [[dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden]], giving Norway full independence.<ref name=Jun05/>
* [[June 13]] &ndash; [[Theodoros Diligiannis]], Prime Minister of Greece, is assassinated. 
* [[June 15]] &ndash; British [[Princess Margaret of Connaught]] marries [[Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden|Prince Gustaf Adolf of Sweden, Duke of Skåne]], the future King Gustaf VI Adolf.
* [[June 17]] – Austrian Football Club [[Admira Wacker|FC Admira Wacker]] is founded as SK Admira Wien in [[Vienna]].
* [[June 18]] &ndash; A coal mine explosion in Russia kills 500 employees at the Ivan Colliery at Kharsisk.<ref name=Jun05/>
* [[June 20]] &ndash; [[Ernest Henry Starling]] introduces the word "[[hormone]]" into the English language.<ref>Abel Lajtha, ''Handbook of Neurochemistry 8: Neurochemical Systems'' (Springer, 2013) p. x</ref> 
* [[June 21]] &ndash; [[New York Central Railroad]]'s ''[[20th Century Limited]]'' train is [[20th Century Limited derailment|derailed]] in an apparent act of [[Rail sabotage|sabotage]], killing 21 people.<ref name=JUL05>''The American Monthly Review of Reviews'' (August 1905) pp. 158-161</ref>
* [[June 25]] &ndash; The Danish Navy training ship ''[[Joseph Conrad (ship)|Georg Stage]]'' is accidentally sunk in port in Copenhagen after English steamship ''Ancona'' collides with it, killing 22 teenage recruits. The full-rigger is raised and survives.
* [[June 27]] (June 14 O.S.) &ndash; [[Russian battleship Potemkin#Mutiny|Mutiny on the Russian ironclad battleship ''Potemkin'']] breaks out off Odessa. 
* [[June 28]] &ndash; "[[Pomp and Circumstance Marches|Pomp and Circumstance]]" is first played as a graduation march, after Yale University music professor [[Samuel Sanford]] invited its composer, Sir [[Edward Elgar]], to receive an honorary degree.
* [[June 29]] &ndash; [[The Automobile Association]] is founded in the United Kingdom.
* [[June 30]] &ndash; [[Albert Einstein]] submits for publication his paper "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies", establishing his theory of [[special relativity]].<ref name=JUL05/>

=== July ===
{{Main|July 1905}}
* [[July 1]] &ndash; Hundreds of people die in the flooding of guanajunto in [[Mexico]].
* [[July 3]] &ndash; France's Chamber of Deputies passes a bill for separation of church and state, 341 to 233.<ref name=JUL05/>
* [[July 5]] &ndash; [[Alfred Deakin]] takes office as the new [[Prime Minister of Australia]].<ref name=JUL05/>
* [[July 10]] &ndash; A Japanese expedition takes control of the Russian island of [[Sakhalin]] after a short battle. 
* [[July 11]] &ndash; [[Wattstown#National Colliery 1905 disaster|National Colliery disaster at Wattstown]] in the [[Rhondda]] valley of [[Wales]]: an underground [[explosion]] kills 120, with just one survivor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://webapps.rhondda-cynon-taf.gov.uk/heritagetrail/rhondda/wattstown/wattstown.htm|work=Rhondda Cynon Taff Library Services Heritage Trail|title=Wattstown|access-date=2010-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110110043854/http://webapps.rhondda-cynon-taf.gov.uk/heritagetrail/rhondda/wattstown/wattstown.htm|archive-date=2011-01-10|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[July 12]] &ndash;The [[University of Sheffield]] is officially opened by King Edward VII in England.<ref>Melvyn Jones, ''The Making of Sheffield'' (Wharncliffe Books, 2004) p. 158.</ref>
* [[July 14]]
**The government of France institutes its first government assistance program for elderly and disabled persons.
**In [[New Zealand]], the first known [[suicide attack]] by a civilian (as opposed to sacrifices made in military combat) takes place in [[Murchison, New Zealand|Murchison]].<ref>"NZ suicide bombing a world first", by Gerard Hindmarsh, ''The Press'' (Christchurch), January 16, 2016. p. A13</ref>
* [[July 15]] &ndash; The popular fictional character [[Arsène Lupin]], the gentleman thief, is introduced in France. 
* [[July 21]] &ndash; Sixty members of the crew of the USS ''Bennington'' are killed in an explosion of the U.S. Navy gunboat in the harbor at [[San Diego]].<ref name=Aug05>''The American Monthly Review of Reviews'' (September 1905) pp. 283-286</ref>
* [[July 22]] &ndash; Florence Kelly deliversher landmark speech about [[child labor]] before the convention of the [[National American Woman Suffrage Association]] in Philadelphia.
* [[July 24]] &ndash; The [[1905 Bolnai earthquake]] (8.4 magnitude) strikes [[Mongolia]], the second-largest on record here. 
* [[July 27]] &ndash; The [[Taft–Katsura agreement]] is reached in [[Tokyo]]. 
* [[July 28]] &ndash; [[Frankie Neil]] becomes the new world bantamweight boxing champion by defeating title holder Harry Tenny in a 25-round bout at [[Colma, California]].
* [[July 30]] &ndash; At [[Basel]] in [[Switzerland]], the International Zionist Conference delegates vote to reject the British offer of land in Uganda for a Jewish homeland.<ref name=Aug05/>

===August===
{{Main|August 1905}}
* [[August 2]] &ndash; The [[Ancient Order of Druids]] initiates [[Neo-Druidism|neo-Druidic]] rituals at [[Stonehenge]] in England.
* [[August 7]] &ndash; [[King Oscar II]] of Sweden appoints Prince Gustaf to serve as his regent.<ref name=Aug05/>
* [[August 8]] &ndash; Fourteen employees of a department store in [[Albany, New York]] are killed when the building collapses suddenly.<ref name=Aug05/>
* [[August 9]] &ndash; The peace conference to end the Russo-Japanese War between Russia and Japan begins at [[Portsmouth, New Hampshire]].<ref name=Aug05/>
* [[August 11]] &ndash; The Russian Council appointed by Tsar Nicholas II meets at Peterhoff and approves a plan for a national Duma, the first representative assembly in the Empire.<ref name=Aug05/>
* [[August 12]] &ndash; The first running takes place of the [[Shelsley Walsh Speed Hill Climb]] in England, the world's oldest motorsport event to be staged continuously on its original course.
* [[August 13]] &ndash; At a referendum in Norway, voters opt almost unanimously for dissolution of the union with Sweden.<ref name=Aug05/>
* [[August 15]] &ndash; Mexican-American prospector [[Pablo Valencia]] gets lost in the [[Sonoran Desert]] of [[Arizona]] with no water. Enduring almost eight days of dehydration, Valencia wanders until he is discovered on August 23 by anthropologist William J. McGee and McGee's Papago Indian assistant, Jose.<ref>"Surveyors to Campers: 1854 to the Present", by Bill Broyles and Gayle Harrison Hartmann, in ''Last Water on the Devil's Highway: A Cultural and Natural History of Tinajas Altas'', ed. by Bill Broyles, et al. (University of Arizona Press, 2014) p. 141.</ref>
* [[August 20]] &ndash; Chinese revolutionary leader [[Sun Yat-sen]] forms the first chapter of [[Tongmenghui]], a union of all secret societies determined to bringing down the [[Manchu dynasty]].
* [[August 21]] &ndash; The Sequoyah Constitutional Convention takes place in [[Muskogee, Oklahoma|Muskogee]] in the U.S. [[Indian Territory]] and approves a constitution for the proposed [[State of Sequoyah]], seeking admission as the only Native American majority state in the U.S.<ref>[https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=SE021 "Sequoyah Convention"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428213749/https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=SE021 |date=April 28, 2019 }}, by Richard Mize, in ''Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture'' online, Oklahoma Historical Society</ref> President Roosevelt will reject the idea in favor of joining the Indian Territory with the white-ruled Oklahoma Territory to create the 46th U.S. state.
* [[August 22]] &ndash; The sinking of the Japanese ferry ''Kinjo Maru'' kills 160 people after the British ship [[HMS Baralong|HMS ''Baralong'']] collides with it in the Sea of Japan.<ref>Ian Collard, ''Ellerman Lines Remembering a Great British Company'' (The History Press, 2014) p. 199.</ref>
* [[August 23]] &ndash; [[A. Roy Knabenshue]] introduces the dirigible to the skies of New York City, piloting the lighter-than-air vehicle within view of hundreds of thousands of spectators.<ref name=Sep05>''The American Monthly Review of Reviews'' (October 1905) pp. 410-413</ref>
* [[August 24]] &ndash; [[Frederick D. White]] becomes the first Commissioner of the Northwest Territories in Canada, and will serve until his death in 1918.
* [[August 26]] &ndash; Near Point Barrow, Alaska, the crew of the Norwegian ship ''Gjoa'', led by [[Roald Amundsen]], make the breakthrough of finding the long-sought "[[Northwest Passage]]" from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean.<ref>Marilyn Landis, ''Antarctica: Exploring the Extreme'' (Chicago Review Press, 2001) p.149</ref>
* [[August 27]] &ndash; Tsar Nicholas II issues a decree restoring to Russia's universities the autonomy that had been taken away from them in 1884.<ref>Sergei Pushkarev, ''Self-government and Freedom In Russia'' (Taylor & Francis, 2019)</ref> 
* [[August 30]] &ndash; A solar eclipse takes place, with greatest visibility in North Africa.<ref name=Sep05/>

=== September ===
{{Main|September 1905}}
* [[September 1]] &ndash; The Canadian provinces of [[Alberta]] and [[Saskatchewan]] are established from the southwestern part of the [[Northwest Territories]].
* [[September 2]] &ndash; The millennia-old [[imperial examination system]] for the civil service is abolished in [[Qing dynasty]] China.
* [[September 5]] &ndash; [[Russo-Japanese War]]: [[Treaty of Portsmouth]] &ndash; In [[New Hampshire]], a treaty mediated by U.S. President [[Theodore Roosevelt]] is signed by [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] and [[Russian Empire|Russia]]. Russia cedes the island of [[Sakhalin]] together with port and rail rights in [[Manchuria]] to Japan.
* [[September 8]] &ndash; The 7.2 {{M|w}} [[1905 Calabria earthquake|Calabria earthquake]] shakes [[Southern Italy]] with a maximum [[Mercalli intensity scale|Mercalli intensity]] of XI (''Extreme''), killing between 557 and 2,500 people.
* [[September 10]] &ndash; [[Crystal Palace F.C.]] is founded in London.
* [[September 27]]
** [[Albert Einstein]] submits for publication his paper "Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?", in which he puts forward the idea of [[mass–energy equivalence]] by publishing the equation ''E''&nbsp;=&nbsp;''mc''<sup>2</sup> (published November 21).
** [[Da-Qing Bank]], predecessor of [[Bank of China]], is founded in [[Beijing|Peiping]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.china-briefing.com/news/a-brief-history-of-the-bank-of-china/|title=A Brief History of the Bank of China|date=2008-04-17|access-date=2023-02-12|work=China-Briefing|archive-date=April 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419081417/https://www.china-briefing.com/news/a-brief-history-of-the-bank-of-china/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== October ===
{{Main|October 1905}}
[[File:HMS Dreadnought 1906 H61017.jpg|thumb|200px|right|'''October 2''': [[HMS Dreadnought (1906)|HMS ''Dreadnought'']]]]
* [[October 1]]
** A Czech worker, František Pavlík (b. 1885), is bayoneted to death during a demonstration for a Czech university in Brno. This event is the motivation for a piano sonata, ''[[1. X. 1905]]'', by composer [[Leoš Janáček]], which premieres on 27 January 1906.
** Turkish Association football team [[Galatasaray]] is founded in [[Istanbul]].
* [[October 2]] &ndash; {{HMS|Dreadnought|1906}} is laid down in the United Kingdom, revolutionizing battleship design and triggering a naval arms race.
* [[October 5]] &ndash; The [[Wright brothers]]' third aeroplane ([[Wright Flyer III|''Wright Flyer'' III]]) stays in the air for 39 minutes with Wilbur piloting, the first aeroplane flight lasting over half an hour.
* [[October 11]] &ndash; The Institute of Musical Art, predecessor of the [[Juilliard School]], opens in [[New York City]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.juilliard.edu/school/brief-history|title=A Brief History|publisher=Juilliard School|access-date=2019-05-10|archive-date=March 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329052155/https://www.juilliard.edu/school/brief-history|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[October 13]] &ndash; [[Annie Kenney]] and [[Christabel Pankhurst]] interrupt a [[Liberal Party (UK)]] rally at the [[Free Trade Hall]] in [[Manchester]], England, and choose imprisonment when convicted, the first militant action of the suffragette campaign.
* [[October 14]] &ndash; The National League's [[1905 New York Giants season|New York Giants]] win baseball's [[1905 World Series|World Series]], beating the [[American League]]'s [[1905 Philadelphia Athletics season|Philadelphia Athletics]], 2-0, in Game 5.
* [[October 16]] &ndash; The [[Partition of Bengal (1905)|Partition of Bengal]] is made by [[Lord Curzon]] to separate the region of Bengal into Muslim and Hindu territories until its reunification in [[1911]].
* [[October 26]]
** [[Union between Sweden and Norway|Sweden&ndash;Norway]] agrees to the repeal of the union with Norway, forming the two modern-day countries.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dissolution of the union, 1905 |url=http://www.royalcourt.no/seksjon.html?tid=28690&sek=28568 |access-date=2022-07-26 |website=www.royalcourt.no |language=en |archive-date=August 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814203727/https://www.royalcourt.no/seksjon.html?tid=28690&sek=28568 |url-status=live }}</ref>
** (October 13 [[Old Style and New Style dates|O.S.]]) &ndash; The [[Saint Petersburg Soviet]] holds its first meeting, the first elected workers' [[Soviet (council)]] in [[Russian Empire|Russia]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Deutscher|first=Isaac|author-link=Isaac Deutscher|title=The Prophet Armed: Trotsky, 1879-1921|volume=1|year=1965|orig-year=1954|location=New York|publisher=Vintage Books|isbn=0-19-281064-2|oclc=184845652|url=https://archive.org/details/prophetarmedtrot01deut/|url-access=registration}}</ref>
* [[October 29]] (October 16 [[Old Style and New Style dates|O.S.]]) &ndash; In the [[Russian Empire]]:
** [[Russian Revolution of 1905]]: The [[Imperial Russian Army]] opens fire on a meeting at a street market in [[Tallinn]], [[Governorate of Estonia]], killing 94 and injuring over 200 people.
** The [[Circum-Baikal Railway]] is brought into permanent operation, completing through rail communication on the [[Trans-Siberian Railway]].
* [[October 30]] (October 17 Old Style) – [[October Manifesto]]: Tsar [[Nicholas II of Russia]] is forced to announce the granting of his country's first constitution (the [[Russian Constitution of 1906]]), conceding a national assembly ([[State Duma (Russian Empire)|State Duma]]) with limited powers.
* [[October]] &ndash; [[Fauvist]] artists, led by [[Henri Matisse]] and [[André Derain]], first exhibit their works, at the [[Salon d'Automne]] in [[Paris]].

=== November ===
{{Main|November 1905}}
* [[November]]&ndash;[[December]] &ndash; [[Russian Revolution of 1905]]: In the [[Baltic governorates]], workers and peasants burn and loot hundreds of [[Baltic Germans|Baltic German]] manors. The [[Imperial Russian Army]] thereafter executes and deports thousands of looters.
* [[November 1]] &ndash; [[Lahti]], the city of Finland, is granted city rights by Tsar [[Nicholas II of Russia]], the last Grand Duke of Finland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tradicii.info/fi/lahti/lahden-kaupungin-perustaminen.html|title=Lahden kaupungin perustaminen|website=Tradicii.info|access-date=July 18, 2022|language=fi|archive-date=August 16, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816094636/http://tradicii.info/fi/lahti/lahden-kaupungin-perustaminen.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[November 4]] &ndash; [[Russification of Finland]]: The application of the February Manifesto, removing the veto of the [[Diet of Finland|Diet]] of the autonomous [[Grand Duchy of Finland]] over matters considered by the Emperor to concern Russian imperial interests, is interrupted by the new November Manifesto. The [[Senate of Finland]] is ordered to put forward a proposal for [[Parliament of Finland|parliamentary reform, based on unicameralism and universal and equal suffrage]].
* [[November 7]] &ndash; Lawyer and liberal politician [[Karl Staaff]] becomes Prime Minister of Sweden, after a Riksdag election based mainly on voting rights reform.
* [[November 9]] &ndash; The Province of [[Alberta]], Canada, holds its [[1905 Alberta general election|first general election]].
* [[November 12]] &ndash; [[Norway]] holds [[Norwegian monarchy plebiscite, 1905|a plebiscite on the monarchy]], resulting in popular approval of the [[Parliament of Norway|Storting]]'s decision to authorise the government to make the offer of the throne of the newly independent country.
* [[November 17]] &ndash; The [[Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905]] ("Eulsa Treaty") effectively makes Korea a protectorate of Japan.
* [[November 18]] &ndash; Prince Carl of Denmark becomes King [[Haakon VII of Norway]]; he will reign for 52 years.
* [[November 27]]&ndash;[[November 28|28]] &ndash; The [[Mataafa Storm|''Mataafa'' Storm]] buffets the [[Great Lakes]] region. Named after the ''[[Mataafa]]'', a boat sunk outside of the [[Duluth Ship Canal]], the storm ultimately destroys 29 vessels, leading to 29 deaths and shipping losses of US$3.567 million (1905 dollars).
* [[November 28]] &ndash; Irish nationalist [[Arthur Griffith]] founds [[Sinn Féin]] in Dublin, as a political party whose goal is independence for all of Ireland.

=== December ===
{{Main|December 1905}}
* [[December 2]] &ndash; [[Norsk Hydro]], predecessor of [[Equinor]], a [[State owned enterprise|state-run]] [[Energy|energy product]] and [[Electrical grid|grid]] brand in [[Scandinavia]], is founded in [[Norway]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hydro.com/en-CA/about-hydro/company-history/1900---1917/1905-a-new-working-day--2-december-1905 |title=1905: A new working day – December 2, 1905 |website=Hydro |publisher=Norsk Hydro ASA |access-date=21 January 2022 |archive-date=January 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121213902/https://www.hydro.com/en-CA/about-hydro/company-history/1900---1917/1905-a-new-working-day--2-december-1905 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[December 7]]&ndash;[[December 18|18]] &ndash; [[Moscow Uprising of 1905|Moscow Uprising]]: A [[Bolsheviks|Bolshevik]]-led revolt is suppressed by the army.
* [[December 9]] &ndash; The [[1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State]] is passed, enacting ''[[laïcité]]''.
* [[December 11]] &ndash; In support of the Moscow Uprising, the Council of Workers' Deputies of [[Kiev]] stages a mass uprising, establishing the [[Shuliavka Republic]] in the city, [[December 12]]&ndash;[[December 16|16]].
* [[December 15]] &ndash; The [[Pushkin House]] is established in Saint Petersburg, Russia, to preserve the cultural heritage of [[Alexander Pushkin]].
*[[December 16]] &ndash; In the sport of [[rugby union]], the "[[Match of the Century (rugby union)|Match of the Century]]" is played between [[Wales national rugby union team|Wales]] and [[New Zealand national rugby union team|New Zealand]] at [[Cardiff Arms Park]].
* [[December 23]] &ndash; The [[Tampere conference of 1905|Tampere conference]], where [[Vladimir Lenin]] and [[Joseph Stalin]] meet for the first time, is held in [[Tampere|Tampere, Finland]].<ref>{{cite book | last = Kramolnikov | first = G. | title = Bolshevikkien toiminta Suomessa ja Viaporin kapina | year = 1931 | chapter = Bolshevikkien konferenssi Tampereella v. 1905 | pages = 103–113 | location = Leningrad | publisher = Valtion kustannusliike Kirja | url = https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/153710 | language = fi | access-date = October 15, 2023 | archive-date = June 5, 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190605043145/https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/153710 | url-status = live }}</ref>
* [[December 30]]
** A bomb kills [[Frank Steunenberg]], ex-governor of [[Idaho]]; the case leads to a trial against leaders of the [[Western Federation of Miners]].
** [[Franz Lehár]]'s [[operetta]] ''[[The Merry Widow]]'' is first performed, at the [[Theater an der Wien]], Vienna.

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Pathé Frères]] colors black and white films by machine.
* ''[[Adventures of Huckleberry Finn|Huckleberry Finn]]'' and ''[[The Adventures of Tom Sawyer|Tom Sawyer]]'' are banned from the [[Brooklyn Public Library]], for setting a "bad example."
* [[Alfred Einhorn]] introduces [[novocaine]].
* [[Wolf|Wolves]] become extinct in Japan.