Editing 1902 (section)

== Events ==

=== January ===
{{Main|January 1902}}
[[File:1st-Rose-Bowl-game-1902.jpg|thumb|200px|[[January 1]]: first [[Rose Bowl Game|Rose Bowl]] college [[American football]] game.]]
[[File:Andrew Carnegie, three-quarter length portrait, seated, facing slightly left, 1913.jpg|thumb|80px|right| [[Andrew Carnegie]] ]]
* [[January 1]] 
** The [[Nurses Registration Act 1901]] comes into effect in New Zealand, making it the first country in the world to require state registration of [[nurse]]s. On [[January 10]], [[Ellen Dougherty]] becomes the world's first registered nurse.
** [[Nathan Stubblefield]] demonstrates his [[Mobile phone|wireless telephone]] device in the U.S. state of [[Kentucky]].
* [[January 8]] &ndash; A train collision in the [[New York Central Railroad]]'s [[Park Avenue Tunnel (railroad)|Park Avenue Tunnel]] kills 17 people, injures 38, and leads to increased demand for electric trains and the banning of [[steam locomotive]]s in [[New York City]].
* [[January 23]] &ndash; [[Hakkōda Mountains incident]]: A snowstorm in the [[Hakkōda Mountains]] of northern [[Honshu]], [[Empire of Japan|Japan]], kills 199 during a military training exercise.
* [[January 30]] &ndash; The [[Anglo-Japanese Alliance]] is signed.

=== February ===
{{Main|February 1902}}
* [[February 12]] &ndash; The [[1st Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance]] takes place in [[Washington, D.C.]]. 
* [[February 15]] &ndash; The [[Berlin U-Bahn]] underground is opened.
* [[February 18]] &ndash; U.S. President [[Theodore Roosevelt]] prosecutes the [[Northern Securities Company]] for violation of the antitrust [[Sherman Act]].
* [[February 27]] &ndash; Australian officers [[Breaker Morant]] and [[Peter Handcock]] are executed for the murder of Boer prisoners of war near [[Louis Trichardt]].

=== March ===
{{Main|March 1902}}
* [[March 7]] &ndash; [[Second Boer War]]: [[Battle of Tweebosch]] &ndash; South African [[Boer]]s win their last battle over the [[British Army]], with the capture of a British general and 200 of his men.
* [[March 8]] &ndash; [[Jean Sibelius]]'s [[Symphony No. 2 (Sibelius)|Symphony No. 2]] is premiered in [[Helsinki]].
* [[March 10]] 
** Clashes between police and [[Georgia (country)|Georgian]] workers led by [[Joseph Stalin]] leave 15 dead, 54 wounded, and 500 in prison.<ref>[[Stephen F. Jones|Jones, Stephen F.]] (2005), ''Socialism in Georgian Colors: The European Road to Social Democracy, 1883-1917'', p. 102. [[Harvard University Press]], {{ISBN|0-674-01902-4}}</ref>
** A Circuit Court decision in the United States ends [[Thomas Edison]]'s monopoly on [[35 mm movie film]] technology.<ref>{{cite web|title=Continued Legal Battles|url=http://edison.rutgers.edu/mopix/legal.htm|work=Thomas A. Edison Papers|publisher=Rutgers School of Arts and Sciences|date=2016-10-28|access-date=2019-10-24|archive-date=February 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225175556/http://edison.rutgers.edu/mopix/legal.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[March 15]] &ndash; The [[Pattani Sultanate]] is abolished by the [[Thailand|Siamese]] authority after the last sultan of Pattani refused new administrative reforms by the Siamese.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Patani and the Development of A Thai State |first=Margaret L. |last=Koch|journal=Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society|volume=50|number= 2 (232) |date=1977|pages=69–88|jstor=41492172}}</ref>

=== April ===
{{Main|April 1902}}
* [[April 2]] &ndash; The Electric Theatre, the first [[movie theater]] in the United States, opens in [[Los Angeles]].
* [[April 11]] &ndash; Tenor [[Enrico Caruso]] makes the first million-selling recording, for the [[Gramophone Company]] in [[Milan]].
* [[April 13]] &ndash; A new land speed record of {{convert|74|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} is set in [[Nice]], France, by [[Léon Serpollet]] driving a steam car.
* [[April 19]] &ndash; The 7.5 {{M|w}} [[1902 Guatemala earthquake|Guatemala earthquake]] shakes [[Guatemala]] with a maximum [[Mercalli intensity scale|Mercalli intensity]] of VIII (''Severe''), killing between 800 and 2,000.

=== May ===
{{Main|May 1902}}
[[File:Mount Pelée 1902.jpg|thumb|90px|right| [[May 8]]: [[Mount Pelée]] erupts.]]
* [[May 7]] &ndash; [[La Soufrière (volcano)|La Soufrière]] volcano on the Caribbean island of [[Saint Vincent (Antilles)|Saint Vincent]] erupts, devastating the northern portion of the island and killing 2,000 people
* [[May 8]] &ndash; [[Mount Pelée]] in [[Martinique]] erupts, destroying the town of [[Saint-Pierre, Martinique|Saint-Pierre]] and killing over 30,000.
* [[May 13]] &ndash; [[Alfonso XIII of Spain]] begins his reign.
* [[May 20]] &ndash; [[Cuba]] gains independence from the United States.
* [[May 22]] &ndash; The [[White Star Line]]r [[SS Ionic (1902)|SS ''Ionic'']] is launched by [[Harland and Wolff]] in [[Belfast]].
* [[May 29]] &ndash; The [[London School of Economics]] is opened by [[Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery|Lord Rosebery]].
* [[May 31]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Vereeniging]] ends the [[Second Boer War]].

=== June ===
{{Main|June 1902}}
* [[June 13]] &ndash; Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing, predecessor of global consumer goods brand [[3M]], begins trading as a mining venture at [[Two Harbors, Minnesota|Two Harbors]] in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lakecountyhistoricalsociety.org/museums/view/3m-museum|title=3M Birthplace Museum|location=Two Harbors|publisher=Lake County Historical Society|access-date=2020-11-28|archive-date=July 2, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702141213/https://lakecountyhistoricalsociety.org/museums/view/3m-museum|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[June 15]] &ndash; The [[New York Central Railroad]] inaugurates the ''[[20th Century Limited]]'' passenger train between Chicago and New York City.
* [[June 16]] &ndash; The [[Commonwealth Franchise Act 1902|Commonwealth Franchise Act]] in Australia grants [[women's suffrage]] in federal elections for resident British subjects (with certain ethnic minorities excepted), making Australia the first independent country to grant women the vote at a national level, and the first country to allow them to stand for Parliament.
* [[June 26]] &ndash; [[Edward VII]] institutes the [[Order of Merit]], an order bestowed personally by the British monarch on up to 24 distinguished Empire recipients.

=== July ===
{{Main|July 1902}}
* [[July 2]] &ndash; [[Philippine–American War]] ends.
* [[July 5]] &ndash; [[Erik Gustaf Boström]] returns as [[Prime Minister of Sweden]].
* [[July 8]] &ndash; The [[United States Bureau of Reclamation]] is established within the [[U.S. Geological Survey]].
* [[July 10]] &ndash; The [[Rolling Mill Mine disaster]] in [[Johnstown, Pennsylvania]], kills 112 miners.
* [[July 11]] &ndash; [[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury|Lord Salisbury]] retires as [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]].
* [[July 14]]
** [[Agustín Lizárraga]] discovers [[Machu Picchu]], the "Lost City of the [[Inca Empire|Inca]]s".<ref><{{Cite book |last=Heaney |first=Christopher |url=https://us.macmillan.com/books/9780230112049/cradleofgold |title=Cradle of gold: the story of Hiram Bingham, a real-life Indiana Jones and the search for Machu Picchu |date=2011 |publisher=MacMillan |isbn=978-0-230-11204-9 |access-date=2023-08-08 |archive-date=August 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810233531/https://us.macmillan.com/books/9780230112049/cradleofgold |url-status=live }}</ref>
** [[St Mark's Campanile]] in [[Venice]] collapses.
* [[July 21]] &ndash; [[Fluminense Football Club]] is founded in [[Rio de Janeiro]].

=== August ===
{{Main|August 1902}}
* [[August 1]] &ndash; 100 miners die in a pit explosion in [[Wollongong]], Australia.
* [[August 9]] &ndash; [[Coronation of Edward VII and Alexandra|Coronation of Edward VII]] as [[King of the United Kingdom]] and the British [[Dominion]]s, [[Emperor of India]] at [[Westminster Abbey]] in London.<ref>{{cite web |title=Edward VII |url=https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/royals/edward-vii |website=Westminster Abbey |access-date=7 October 2022 |language=en |archive-date=October 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007234141/https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/royals/edward-vii |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[August 22]]
** [[Theodore Roosevelt]] becomes the first American President to ride in an automobile, a Columbia Electric Victoria through [[Hartford, Connecticut]].
** A [[1902 Turkestan earthquake|7.7 earthquake]] shakes the border between [[China]] and [[Kyrgyzstan]] killing 10,000 people.
* [[August 24]] &ndash; A statue of [[Joan of Arc]] is unveiled in [[Saint-Pierre-le-Moûtier]], the French town which she stormed in [[1429]].
* [[August 30]] &ndash; Mount Pelée again erupts in Martinique, destroying the town of [[Le Morne-Rouge]] and causing 1,000 deaths.

=== September ===
{{Main|September 1902}}
* [[September 1]] &ndash; The first [[science fiction film]], the [[Silent film|silent]] ''[[A Trip to the Moon]]'' (''Le Voyage dans La Lune''), is premièred at the [[Théâtre Robert-Houdin]] in Paris, France, by actor/producer [[Georges Méliès]], and proves an immediate success.<ref>{{citation|last=Hammond|first=Paul|title=Marvellous Méliès|year=1974|publisher=Gordon Fraser|location=London|isbn=0-900406-38-0|page=141}}</ref>
* [[September 19]] &ndash; [[Shiloh Baptist Church stampede]]: 115 people are killed in a crush at a black church in [[Birmingham, Alabama]], following a mistaken alarm of fire after an address by [[Booker T. Washington]].

=== October ===
[[File:Santamaria1902erupcion2.jpg|thumb|90px|right| [[October 24]]: Santa María erupts]]
{{Main|October 1902}}
* [[October 16]] &ndash; The first [[Borstal]] (youth offenders' institution) opens in [[Borstal, Kent]], U.K.
* [[October 21]] &ndash; A five-month [[Strike action|strike]] by the [[United Mine Workers]] in the United States ends.
* [[October 24]] &ndash; [[1902 eruption of Santa María|One of the largest volcanic eruptions]] of the 20th century occurs at [[Santa María (volcano)|Santa María]] in Guatemala; over 6,000 people die.<ref name="gvp">{{cite gvp|vn=342030|name=Santa María}}</ref>

=== November ===
{{Main|November 1902}}
* [[November 15]]
** King [[Leopold II of Belgium]] survives an attempted assassination in [[Brussels]] by Italian [[anarchist]] [[Gennaro Rubino]].
** The [[Hanoi exhibition]] opens in [[French Indochina]].
* [[November 16]] &ndash; A newspaper cartoon depicting U.S. President "Teddy" Roosevelt refusing to shoot a bear cub inspires creation of the first [[teddy bear]] by [[Morris Michtom]] in New York City.
* [[November 30]] &ndash; On the [[American frontier]], the second-in-command of [[Butch Cassidy's Wild Bunch]], [[Harvey Logan]] ("Kid Curry"), is captured after a shootout with lawmen in Knoxville, Tennessee. He is sentenced to a $5,000 fine and 20 years hard labor for robbery but escapes custody in 1903.

=== December ===
{{Main|December 1902}}
* [[December]]&ndash;February 1903 &ndash; [[Venezuelan crisis of 1902–03|Venezuelan crisis]]: [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|Britain]], [[German Empire|Germany]] and [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]] sustain a naval blockade on [[Venezuela]], in order to enforce collection of outstanding financial claims. This prompts the development of the [[Roosevelt Corollary]] to the [[Monroe Doctrine]].
* [[December 10]] &ndash; The first [[Aswan Low Dam|Aswan Dam]] on the [[Nile]] is completed.
* [[December 17]] &ndash; The Commercial Telegraph Agency (TTA, Torgovo-Telegrafnue Agenstvo), predecessor of [[TASS]], is officially established under the Ministry of Finance at [[Saint Petersburg]] in the [[Russian Empire]].{{citation needed|date=December 2016}}
* [[December 30]] &ndash; [[Discovery Expedition|''Discovery'' Expedition]]: British explorers [[Robert Falcon Scott|Scott]], [[Ernest Shackleton|Shackleton]] and [[Edward Adrian Wilson|Wilson]] reach the furthest southern point reached thus far by man, south of 82°S.

=== Date unknown ===
* The capital of [[French Indochina]] is moved from [[Saigon]] (in Cochinchina) to [[Hanoi]] (Tonkin).
* Construction of the [[Paul Doumer Bridge]], linking both sections of [[Hanoi]], is completed.
* The first [[Korean Empire passport]]s are issued to assist [[Korean immigration to Hawaii]].
* [[De'Longhi]] home appliance brand is founded in [[Treviso]], [[Italy]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Giuseppe De'Longhi & family|work=Forbes|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/giuseppe-delonghi/?sh=36dc9d0f6e69|access-date=2023-07-20|archive-date=July 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720162314/https://www.forbes.com/profile/giuseppe-delonghi/?sh=36dc9d0f6e69|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Daniels Linseed, predecessor of [[Archer Daniels Midland]] (ADM), a global [[livestock]], [[commodities trading]], [[Food processing|food processing brand]], is founded in [[Minnesota]], United States.<ref>{{Cite web|last=ADM|date=2021-07-21|title=History|url=https://www.adm.com/our-company/history|access-date=2021-07-21|website=ADM|language=en}}</ref>