Editing 1896 (section)

== Events ==

=== January&ndash;March ===
[[File:Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (1845--1923).jpg|thumb|120px|right| [[January 5]]: [[Wilhelm Röntgen|Röntgen]] [[X-ray|rays]].]]
[[File:X-ray by Wilhelm Röntgen of Albert von Kölliker's hand - 18960123-02.jpg|thumb|120px|right| [[January 5]]: [[Wilhelm Röntgen|Röntgen]] [[X-ray]].]]
* [[January 2]] &ndash; The [[Jameson Raid]] comes to an end as Jameson surrenders to the [[Boer]]s.<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last1=Palmer|first1=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=324–325|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref>
* [[January 4]] &ndash; [[Utah]] is admitted as the 45th [[U.S. state]].
* [[January 5]] &ndash; An Austrian newspaper reports [[Wilhelm Röntgen]]'s discovery, last November, of a type of [[electromagnetic radiation]], later known as [[X-ray]]s.
* [[January 6]] &ndash; [[Cecil Rhodes]] is forced to resign as Prime Minister of the [[Cape Colony|Cape of Good Hope]] for his involvement in the [[Jameson Raid]].
* [[January 7]] &ndash; American culinary expert [[Fannie Farmer]] publishes her first cookbook.
* [[January 12]] &ndash; H. L. Smith takes the first [[X-ray]] photograph.
* [[January 16]] &ndash; [[Devonport High School for Boys]] is founded in [[Plymouth]] (England).
* [[January 17]] &ndash; [[Anglo-Ashanti wars#Fourth Anglo-Ashanti War (1895–1896)|Fourth Anglo-Ashanti War]]: British [[British Army|redcoats]] enter the [[Ashanti people|Ashanti]] capital, [[Kumasi]], and Asantehene Agyeman [[Prempeh I]] is deposed.<ref>"Ashanti Expedition (1895-1896)", in ''The Victorians at War, 1815-1914: An Encyclopedia of British Military History'', by Harold E. Raugh (ABC-CLIO, 2004) p30.</ref>
* [[January 28]] &ndash; Walter Arnold, of [[East Peckham]], [[Kent]], England, is fined 1 shilling for [[speeding]] at {{convert|8|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, exceeding the contemporary urban [[speed limit]] of {{convert|2|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, the first speeding fine.
* [[February 1]] &ndash; [[Giacomo Puccini|Puccini]]'s opera ''[[La bohème]]'' premieres in [[Turin]], Italy.
* [[February 11]] &ndash; [[Oscar Wilde]]'s play ''[[Salome (play)|Salomé]]'' (1891) has its stage premiere (while Wilde is in prison) in its original French in Paris.
* [[February 19]] &ndash; [[Braamfontein Explosion]]: A train carrying 56 tons of [[dynamite]] explodes at [[Braamfontein]], [[Johannesburg]], killing more than 78 people.<ref name="Blumberg">''The Great Dynamite Explosion'', report by J.G. Blumberg, Fairmount School, Johannesburg, excerpt from the autobiography of Dutch immigrant Jan de Veer who came to South Africa in 1893.</ref>
* [[March 1]] &ndash; [[Battle of Adwa]]: [[Ethiopia]] defends its independence from Italy, ending the [[First Italo-Ethiopian War]].
* [[March 3]] &ndash; Publication begins for ''[[Der Eigene]]'', the world's first magazine with an orientation to male [[homosexuality]], by [[Adolf Brand]] in Berlin.
* [[March 9]] &ndash; Responding to national outrage at the defeat at Adwa, Italian Prime Minister [[Francesco Crispi]] resigns.
* [[March 29]] &ndash; The [[St Patrick's Pontifical University, Maynooth|Royal College of St Patrick, Maynooth]] in Ireland is granted the status of [[pontifical university]] by charter of the [[Holy See]].<ref>Rescripts of the Sacred Congregation ''de Propaganda Fide''.</ref>

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April]] &ndash; [[Svante Arrhenius]] first publishes the "greenhouse law", becoming the first person to predict that emissions of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels and other combustion processes are large enough to cause [[global warming]] through the [[greenhouse effect]].<ref>"On the Influence of Carbonic Acid in the Air upon the Temperature of the Ground". ''London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science''. Extract of paper presented to [[Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]] December 11, 1895.</ref>
* [[April 4]] &ndash; The first known [[women's basketball]] game between two colleges is played between [[Stanford University|Stanford]] and [[University of California, Berkeley|California]].
[[File:Panathinaiko.jpg|thumb|190px|right| A picture of the restored [[Panathenaic Stadium]], the site of the [[1896 Summer Olympics]]]]
* [[April 6]] &ndash; The opening ceremonies of the [[1896 Summer Olympics]], the first modern [[Olympic Games]], are held in [[Athens]], Greece.
* [[April 9]] &ndash; The National Farm School (later [[Delaware Valley College]]) is chartered in Doylestown, Pennsylvania.
* [[April 23]] &ndash; [[Blackpool Pleasure Beach]], a popular English theme park ("Britain's Biggest Tourist Attraction"), is founded by Alderman William George Bean.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Story of Blackpool Pleasure Beach|website=Blackpool.com|date=February 7, 2023 |url=https://blackpool.com/2023/02/07/the-story-of-blackpool-pleasure-beach/|accessdate=2024-07-10}}</ref>
* [[May 8]] &ndash; [[Cricket]]: Against [[Warwickshire County Cricket Club|Warwickshire]], [[Yorkshire County Cricket Club|Yorkshire]] sets a still-standing [[County Championship]] record in England, when they accumulate an innings total of 887.
* [[May 13]] &ndash; The Franchise Bill is passed by the [[Colony of Natal]]'s Legislative Assembly, disfranchising natives of other countries.
* [[May 18]] &ndash; ''[[Plessy v. Ferguson]]'': The [[U.S. Supreme Court]] introduces the [[separate but equal]] doctrine, and upholds [[racial segregation]].
* [[May 26]]
** [[Coronation of Nicholas II and Alexandra Feodorovna]] in the [[Dormition Cathedral, Moscow]]; this will be the last [[coronation of the Russian monarch]].<ref name=Ferro>{{cite book|first=Marc|last=Ferro|author-link=Marc Ferro|publisher=Viking|location=Harmondsworth|year=1991|orig-year=1990|title=Nicholas II: Last of the Tsars}}</ref> The [[Qing dynasty]] is represented at the coronation by Chinese official [[Li Hongzhang]] who through September goes on to visit Germany, Britain, Canada and the United States.
** Eleven years after its foundation, a group of 12 purely industrial stocks are chosen to form the [[Dow Jones Industrial Average]]. The index is composed entirely of industrial shares for the first time.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131004232102/http://articles.philly.com/1995-02-24/news/25702996_1_blue-chip-stocks-industrial-shares-index Dow Record Book Adds Another First]. Philly.com. Retrieved 2013-07-08.</ref>
* [[May 27]] &ndash; [[1896 St. Louis–East St. Louis tornado|St. Louis–East St. Louis tornado]]: The costliest and third deadliest tornado in U.S. history levels a mile wide swath of downtown [[St. Louis, Missouri]], incurring US$2.9&nbsp;billion (1997 USD) in normalized damages, killing more than 255 and injuring over 1,000 people.
* [[June 4]] &ndash; The [[Ford Quadricycle]], the first vehicle developed by [[Henry Ford]], is completed, eventually leading Ford to build the empire that "put America on wheels".
* [[June 7]] &ndash; [[Mahdist War]]: [[Battle of Ferkeh]] &ndash; British and Egyptian troops are victorious.
* [[June 12]] &ndash; [[J. T. Hearne]] sets a record for the earliest date of taking 100 wickets in cricket, in England (it is equalled by [[Charlie Parker (cricketer)|Charlie Parker]] in [[1931]]).
* [[June 15]] &ndash; The 8.5 {{M|w|link=y}} [[1896 Sanriku earthquake|Sanriku earthquake]] and [[tsunami]] kills 22,000 in northeastern Japan.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Walker |first1=Brett L. |title=A Concise History of Japan |year=2015 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-00418-4 |page=292 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NGt2BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA292 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[June 18]] &ndash; The [[New York Telephone]] Company is formed, succeeding the Metropolitan Telephone and Telegraph Company, to control telephone service within New York City.<ref>''Documents of the Senate of the State of New York: One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Session, 1913'', Volume 25, p255</ref> 
* [[June 23]] &ndash; Liberal leader [[Wilfrid Laurier]] defeats [[Charles Tupper]] during [[1896 Canadian federal election|Canadian federal elections]] for the [[8th Canadian Parliament]], to become the first Francophone [[Prime Minister of Canada]].
* [[June 28]] &ndash; [[Twin Shaft disaster]]: An explosion in the Newton [[coal mining|Coal]] Company's Twin Shaft Mine in [[Pittston, Pennsylvania]] results in a massive cave-in that kills 58 [[miners]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=10470|title=Twin Shaft Disaster Marker}}</ref>

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 9]] &ndash; [[William Jennings Bryan]] delivers his [[Cross of Gold speech]] at the [[Democratic National Convention]], which nominates him for president of the United States.
* [[July 11]] &ndash; [[Wilfrid Laurier]] becomes Canada's seventh [[Prime Minister of Canada|prime minister]], and the first French-speaker to hold that office.
* [[July 21]] &ndash; In Washington, D.C., in response to a "call to confer" issued by [[Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin]] to all women of color, the [[National Association of Colored Women's Clubs]] is organized.
* [[July 26]] &ndash; The [[International Socialist Workers and Trade Union Congress, London 1896|International Socialist Workers and Trade Union Congress]] opens in London.
* [[July 27]] &ndash; A [[causeway]] is opened between the islands of [[Saaremaa]] and [[Muhu]] in [[Estonia]].
* [[July 30]] &ndash; [[1896 Atlantic City rail crash|Atlantic City rail crash]]: Shortly after 6:30 pm, at a crossing just west of Atlantic City, New Jersey, two trains collide, crushing five loaded passenger coaches, killing 50 and seriously injuring approximately sixty.
* [[August]] &ndash; The [[1896 Eastern North America heat wave]] kills 1,500 people from Chicago, Illinois to Boston, Massachusetts.
* [[August 1]] &ndash; The Park Seung-jik shop, predecessor of [[South Korea]]n [[Conglomerate (company)|conglomerate]] [[Doosan Group]], is founded in [[Joseon]] (the kingdom of Korea).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.doosan.com/file/down/c36cb633-3d12-406f-a346-998077874454|title=History|publisher=Doosan Group|access-date=2024-07-10|archive-date=2017-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170509033901/http://www.doosan.com/en/intro/history.jsp|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[August 14]] &ndash; The [[Uganda Railway]] Act, 1896, is approved in the United Kingdom, for construction of a railway in Africa from [[Mombasa]] to [[Lake Victoria]].<ref>''The Law Journal Reports for the Year 1896'' (Stevens and Sons, Ltd., 1896), Volume 65, p247.</ref>
* [[August 16]] &ndash; [[Skookum Jim Mason]], [[George Carmack]] and Dawson Charlie discover [[gold]] in the [[Klondike, Yukon]].
* [[August 17]] &ndash; [[Bridget Driscoll]] is run over by a [[Benz & Cie.|Benz]] car on the grounds of [[The Crystal Palace]], London, the world's first motoring fatality.
* [[August 23]] &ndash; The [[Cry of Pugad Lawin]] initiates the [[Philippine Revolution]].
* [[August 27]]
** The shortest war in recorded history, the [[Anglo-Zanzibar War]], starts at 9:00 in the morning, and lasts for 45 minutes of shelling.
** Britain establishes a Protectorate over the [[Ashanti people]] concluding the [[Anglo-Ashanti wars#Fourth Anglo-Ashanti War, 1895 - 1896|Fourth Anglo-Ashanti War]].
* [[September 2]] &ndash; [[Clarkson University]] holds its first classes, with 17 students attending in [[Potsdam (village), New York|Potsdam, New York]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nyheritage.nnyln.net/cdm/singleitem/collection/clarkson/id/124|title=Clarkson Estate|access-date=July 16, 2015|archive-date=July 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150717011717/http://nyheritage.nnyln.net/cdm/singleitem/collection/clarkson/id/124|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[September 15]] &ndash; The [[Crush, Texas|Crash at Crush]] train wreck stunt is held in Texas.
* [[September 22]] &ndash; [[Queen Victoria]] surpasses her grandfather [[George III of the United Kingdom|King George III]] as the longest-reigning monarch in British history up to this time.
* [[September 28]] &ndash; [[Pathé]] Frères, a French film company and one of the oldest film companies, is founded by the brothers [[Charles Pathé]], Théophile Pathé, Émile Pathé and Jacques Pathé.
* [[September 30]]
** Italy and France sign a treaty whereby Italy virtually recognizes [[Tunisia]] as a French dependency.<ref>Iiams, Thomas M. (1962). ''Dreyfus, Diplomatists and the Dual Alliance: Gabriel Hanotaux at the Quai D'Orsay (1894–1898)'', Geneva/Paris: Librairie Droz/Librairie Minard, [https://books.google.com/books?id=dgObEERSxvQC&pg=PA115 p. 115]</ref>
** [[Khodynka Tragedy]]: a [[crowd crush]] at [[Khodynka Field]] in Moscow kills at least 1,200 of those marking the coronation year of Emperor Nicholas II of Russia.<ref name=Ferro/>

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 1]] &ndash; [[Gottlieb Daimler]] builds the first gasoline truck.
* [[October 2]] &ndash; The [[Victorian Football League]] is established as [[Australian rules football]] in Australia (a predecessor of the [[Australian Football League]]).
* [[October 30]] &ndash; The Augusta High School cornerstone is laid in [[Augusta, Kentucky]], marking the end of the [[Augusta Methodist College]].
* [[November 3]] &ndash; [[1896 United States presidential election]]: Republican [[William McKinley]] defeats [[William Jennings Bryan]]. The event is viewed by some as a [[political realignment]] for the [[History of the United States Republican Party#The Progressive Era: 1896–1932|United States Republican Party]]. 
* [[November 27]] &ndash; [[Richard Strauss]]'s orchestral tone poem ''[[Also sprach Zarathustra]]'' is first performed, in [[Frankfurt]], conducted by the composer. 
* [[November 30]]
** [[Udinese Calcio]] Association football club is founded in Udine, Italy.
** "[[St. Augustine Monster]]": A large carcass, later postulated to be the remains of a [[gigantic octopus]], is found washed ashore near [[St. Augustine, Florida]].
* [[December 1]] &ndash; Archaeologist [[Alois Anton Führer]], Nepalese General Khadga Samsher Rana and an expedition rediscover the great stone pillar of [[Ashoka]] at [[Lumbini]], traditionally the spot of the birthplace of [[Gautama Buddha]], after using [[Faxian]]'s records.<ref>Alois Anton Führer, ''Monograph on Buddha Sakyamuni's Birth-Place in the Nepalese Taral'' (Allahabad: The Government Press, 1897) p28.</ref>
* [[December 10]] 
**[[New York Aquarium]] opens.
**The premiere of [[Alfred Jarry]]'s absurdist play ''[[Ubu Roi]]'' in Paris causes a near-riot.
* [[December 14]] &ndash; The [[Glasgow Subway]], the third-oldest [[rapid transit|underground metro]] system in the world, opens.
* [[December 25]] &ndash; [[John Philip Sousa]] composes ''[[The Stars and Stripes Forever]]'' which will become the national march of the United States.
* [[December 30]] &ndash; [[José Rizal]], Filipino scholar and poet, is [[executed]] by Spanish authorities in the Philippines.

=== Date unknown ===
* France establishes an administrative post in [[Abengourou]], [[Ivory Coast]].
* A school of mines opens in [[Kimberley, Northern Cape|Kimberley]] and will form the core of the [[University of the Witwatersrand]].
* The pharmaceutical and [[healthcare]] company [[Hoffmann-La Roche]] in [[Switzerland]] comes wholly under the control of [[Fritz Hoffmann-La Roche]].<ref>{{cite book|first=H. C.|last=Peyer|year=1996|title=Roche: a company history 1896–1996|location=Basel|publisher=Editiones Roche|isbn=3-907770-59-5}}</ref>
* Racing Club de Lyon, a football club in France, is officially founded and becomes a predecessor of [[Olympique Lyonnais]].{{citation needed|date=December 2016}}
* [[Pope Leo XIII]] is filmed, making him the first ever [[Pope]] to be filmed and the earliest-born person to be captured on film.