Editing 1890 (section)

== Events ==
[[File:Nellie Bly 2.jpg|thumb|120px|right| [[January 25]]: [[Nellie Bly]], 1890]]
=== January–March ===
* [[January 1]] – The [[Kingdom of Italy]] establishes [[Eritrea]] as its colony in the [[Horn of Africa]].
* [[January 2]] – Alice Sanger becomes the first female staffer in the [[White House]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history.do?action=Article&id=95 |title=This Day in History: 1890 |work=History.com |publisher=A&E Television Networks |access-date=2009-10-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100209191324/http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history.do?action=Article&id=95 |archive-date=February 9, 2010 }}</ref>
* [[January 11]] – [[1890 British Ultimatum]]: The United Kingdom demands Portugal withdraw its forces from the land between the Portuguese colonies of [[Portuguese Mozambique|Mozambique]] and [[Portuguese Angola|Angola]] (most of present-day [[Zimbabwe]] and [[Zambia]]).
* [[January 15]] – Ballet ''[[The Sleeping Beauty (ballet)|The Sleeping Beauty]]'', with music by [[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky|Tchaikovsky]], is premiered at the [[Mariinsky Theatre|Imperial Mariinsky Theatre]] in [[Saint Petersburg|St. Petersburg]], Russia.
* [[January 25]]
** The [[United Mine Workers]] of America is founded.
** American journalist [[Nellie Bly]] completes her round-the-world journey in 72 days.
* [[February 5]] – The worldwide [[insurance]] and [[financial]] service brand [[Allianz]] is founded in [[Berlin]], Germany.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EDjSAAAAIAAJ&q=Allianz+AG+February+5,+1890|title=Germany, Inc: the new German juggernaut and its challenge to world business|page=130|access-date=2013-07-16|year=2000|publisher=John Wiley|author=Werner Meyer-Larsen|isbn=9780471353577}}</ref>
* [[February 18]] – The [[National American Woman Suffrage Association]] (NAWSA) is founded by [[Elizabeth Cady Stanton]] and [[Susan B. Anthony]].
* [[February 24]] – [[Chicago]] is selected to host the [[World's Columbian Exposition|Columbian Exposition]].
* [[March 3]] – The first [[American football]] game in [[Ohio State University]] history is played in [[Delaware, Ohio]], against [[Ohio Wesleyan Battling Bishops|Ohio Wesleyan]]
* [[March 4]] – The [[Forth Bridge]], the longest bridge in [[Great Britain]], on the [[Firth of Forth]] in Scotland, is opened to rail traffic.
* [[March 8]] – [[North Dakota State University]] is founded in [[Fargo, North Dakota|Fargo]].
* [[March 17]] – The first railway in [[South African Republic|Transvaal]], the Randtram, opens between [[Boksburg]] and [[Braamfontein]] in [[Johannesburg]].<ref name="SAR History">''The South African Railways – Historical Survey''. Editor George Hart, Publisher Bill Hart, Sponsored by Dorbyl Ltd., Published c. 1978.</ref>
* [[March 20]] – Kaiser [[Wilhelm II]] forces [[Otto von Bismarck]] to resign as [[Chancellor of Germany]].
* [[March 27]]
** [[March 1890 middle Mississippi Valley tornado outbreak]]: 24 significant tornadoes are spawned by one system, including one that kills 76 people in [[Louisville]], Kentucky.
** [[Preston North End]] retain the English Football League Championship, winning their final game at [[Notts County]]
* [[March 28]] – [[Washington State University]] is founded in [[Pullman, Washington|Pullman]].
=== April–June ===
[[File:ClevelandArcade Interior Flag.jpg|thumb|180px|right| [[May 30]]: [[Cleveland Arcade]].]]
[[File:Hollerith.jpg|thumb|90px|right| [[June 1]]: [[Herman Hollerith]].]]
* [[April 2]] – [[Kashihara Shrine]], a landmark spot in [[Nara Prefecture]], [[Japan]], is officially built by [[Emperor Mutsuhito]] (Emperor of Meiji).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://p-www.iwate-pu.ac.jp/~acro-ito/Japan_pics/Japan_NAS/imageidx.html|title=Asuka Area, Nara|website=Iwate University|access-date=2019-01-01}}</ref>
* [[April 14]] – At the [[First International Conference of American States]], in Washington D.C., The Commercial Bureau of the American Republics is founded.
* [[May 1]] – A coordinated series of mass rallies and one-day strikes is held throughout many cities and mining towns in Europe and North America, to demand an [[Eight-hour day|eight-hour workday]].<ref>Hermann, Christoph: ''Capitalism and the Political Economy of Work Time'', p. 113</ref>
* [[May 2]] – President Benjamin Harrison signs the [[Oklahoma Organic Act]], under which [[Oklahoma Territory]] is organized, a prerequisite for later statehood.
* [[May 12]] – The first ever ''official'' English [[County Championship]] [[cricket]] match begins in [[Bristol]]; [[Yorkshire County Cricket Club|Yorkshire]] beats [[Gloucestershire County Cricket Club|Gloucestershire]], by eight wickets.
* [[May 20]] – Dutch artist [[Vincent van Gogh]] moves to [[Auvers-sur-Oise]] on the edge of Paris, in the care of [[Paul Gachet]], where he will produce around seventy paintings in as many days. 
* [[May 30]] – The five-story skylight [[Cleveland Arcade|Arcade]] opens in [[Cleveland, Ohio]].             
* [[May 31]] – The [[Ulm Minster|Ulm Minister]] opens in [[Ulm, Germany]] as the world's [[tallest church|tallest cathedral]].
* [[June 1]] – The [[United States Census Bureau]] begins using [[Herman Hollerith]]'s [[tabulating machine]] to tabulate [[census]] returns using [[punched card]] input, a landmark in the [[history of computing hardware]]. Hollerith's company eventually becomes [[IBM]]. The [[1890 United States census]] determines the US population to be 62,979,766, an increase of 25.5 percent relative to the 1880 census.
* [[June 16]] – Royal Dutch Petroleum, predecessor of [[Royal Dutch Shell]], the major worldwide [[energy]] production and sales company, is founded in the [[Netherlands]] to develop an oilfield in [[Pangkalan Brandan]], [[North Sumatra]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Merrillees|first=Scott|year=2015|title=Jakarta: Portraits of a Capital 1950–1980|location=Jakarta|publisher=Equinox Publishing|isbn=9786028397308|page=60|url={{GBurl|akLWjgEACAAJ}}}}</ref>
* [[June 20]] – ''[[The Picture of Dorian Gray]]'' (by [[Oscar Wilde]]) is published by Philadelphia-based ''[[Lippincott's Monthly Magazine]]'' (dated July).<ref>{{cite book|first=Norman|last=Page|title=An Oscar Wilde Chronology|publisher=Macmillan|year=1991|page=40}}</ref>
* [[June 27]] – Canadian-born boxer [[George Dixon (boxer)|George Dixon]] defeats the British [[bantamweight]] champion in London, giving him claim to be the first [[Black people|black]] world champion in any sport.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dixon, George (Little Chocolate)|url=http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?&id_nbr=6679|work=[[Dictionary of Canadian Biography]] Online|year=2000|publisher=University of Toronto; Université Laval|access-date=2012-01-23}}</ref>
[[File:Vincent van Gogh - Self-Portrait - Google Art Project (454045).jpg|thumb|110px|[[July 29]]: [[Vincent van Gogh]].]]

=== July–September ===
* [[July 1]]
** [[Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty]]: Britain cedes the [[Heligoland]] islands (in the [[German Bight]]) to Germany, in return for protectorates over [[Wituland]] and the [[Sultanate of Zanzibar]] (the islands of [[Pemba Island|Pemba]] and [[Unguja]]) in east Africa.<ref name=CBH>{{Cite book|last1=Palmer|first1=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=317–318|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref>
** [[1890 Japanese general election]]: In the first general election for the [[House of Representatives of Japan]], about 5% of the adult male population elect a lower house of the [[Diet of Japan]], in accordance with the new [[Meiji Constitution]] of [[1889]].
** The [[Ouija]] board is first released by [[Elijah Bond]].
* [[July 2]] – The [[Sherman Antitrust Act]] and [[Sherman Silver Purchase Act]] become United States law.
* [[July 3]] – [[Idaho]] is admitted as the 43rd [[U.S. state]].
* [[July 10]] – [[Wyoming]] is admitted as the 44th [[U.S. state]].
* [[July 13]] – In [[Minnesota]], storms result in the [[Sea Wing disaster|''Sea Wing'' disaster]] on [[Lake Pepin]], killing 98.
* [[July 26]] – In [[Buenos Aires]], the [[Revolution of the Park]] takes place, forcing President [[Miguel Ángel Juárez Celman|Juárez Celman]]'s resignation.
* [[July 27]] – [[Death of Vincent van Gogh]]: van Gogh shoots himself, dying two days later.
* [[August 6]] – At [[Auburn Correctional Facility|Auburn Prison]] in New York, [[William Kemmler]] becomes the first person to be [[Capital punishment|executed]] in the [[electric chair]].
* [[August 20]] – [[Treaty of London (1890)|Treaty of London]]: Portugal and the United Kingdom define the borders of the Portuguese colonies of [[Portuguese Mozambique|Mozambique]] and [[Portuguese Angola|Angola]].
* [[August 23]] – The [[BOVESPA]] stock exchange is founded in [[São Paulo]], Brazil.
* [[August]] – Kaiser [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Wilhelm II]] and Tsar [[Alexander III of Russia|Alexander III]] meet at [[Narva]].
* [[September 6]] – [[Dublin]] [[association football]] club [[Bohemian F.C.]] is founded in the Gate Lodge, [[Phoenix Park]].
* [[September 12]] – [[Salisbury, Rhodesia]], is founded.
* [[September 19]] – The [[University of North Texas]] is founded, as the Texas Normal College and Teacher Training Institute.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://125.unt.edu/history/history-unt|title=History of UNT {{!}} 125th Anniversary|website=125.unt.edu|language=en|access-date=2017-04-05}}</ref>
* [[September 25]] — President [[Wilford Woodruff]] of [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] issues the [[1890 Manifesto]] ending the official practice of polygamy.

=== October–December ===
*[[October 1]]  – The [[Yosemite National Park]] is established in [[California]].
*[[October 9]] – The first brief flight of [[Clément Ader]]'s steam-powered [[fixed-wing aircraft]] ''[[Ader Éole]]'' takes place in [[Satory]], France. It flies uncontrolled approximately {{convert|50|m|ft|abbr=on}} at a height of {{convert|20|cm|in|abbr=on}}, the first take-off of a powered airplane solely under its own power.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|first=Tom D|last=Crouch|title=Clément Ader|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/5780/Clement-Ader|access-date=2011-03-03}}</ref>
* [[October 11]] – In [[Washington, D.C.]], the [[Daughters of the American Revolution]] is founded.
* [[October 12]] – The [[Uddevalla Suffrage Association]] is founded in Sweden, with a formal founding event on [[November 2]] a month later.
* [[October 13]] – The [[Delta Chi]] fraternity is founded by 11 law students at [[Cornell University]] in [[Ithaca, New York]].
* [[November 4]] – The first deep level London Underground (Tube) Railway, the [[City and South London Railway]], opens officially.
* [[November 21]] – [[Edward King (bishop of Lincoln)|Edward King]], [[Anglican]] [[bishop of Lincoln]], is convicted of using [[Ritualism in the Church of England|ritualistic practices]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Read And Others V. The Lord Bishop Of Lincoln: Court Of The Archbishop Of Canterbury, Lambeth Palace, Nov. 21|newspaper=[[The Times]]|location=London|date=1890-11-22|page=4|issue=33176}}</ref>
* [[November 23]] – King [[William III of the Netherlands]] dies without a male heir, and his daughter [[Wilhelmina of the Netherlands|Princess Wilhelmina]] becomes Queen, causing the end of the personal union of thrones with [[Luxembourg]] (which requires a male heir) so that [[Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg|Adolphe, Duke of Nassau]] becomes [[Grand Duke of Luxembourg]].
* [[November 29]]
** The [[Meiji Constitution]] goes into effect in Japan, and its first [[Diet of Japan|Diet]] convenes.
** At [[West Point, New York]], the United States Navy defeats the United States Army 24–0 in the first [[Army–Navy Game]] of [[college football]].
* [[November]] – [[Scotland Yard]], headquarters of the [[Metropolitan Police Service]], moves to a building on London's [[Victoria Embankment]], as [[New Scotland Yard]].
* [[December 10]] – The [[New York World Building]] is completed in [[New York City]], the tallest building in the [[United States]] for 10 years at a height of 110 meters. 
* [[December 15]] – [[Hunkpapa]] [[Lakota people|Lakota]] leader [[Sitting Bull]] is killed by police on [[Standing Rock Indian Reservation]].
* [[December 24]] – The Oklahoma territorial legislature establishes three institutions of higher learning [[University of Oklahoma]], [[Oklahoma State University]], and [[University of Central Oklahoma]].
* [[December 29]] – [[Wounded Knee Massacre]]: At [[Wounded Knee, South Dakota]], a [[Lakota people|Lakota]] camp, the U.S. [[7th Cavalry Regiment]] tries to disperse the non-violent "Ghost-Dance" which was promised to usher in a new era of power and freedom to Native Americans but is feared as a potential rallying tool for violent rebellion by some in the U.S. government. Shooting begins, and 153 [[Lakota people|Lakota Sioux]] and 25 troops are killed; about 150 flee the scene. This is the last tribe to be defeated and confined to a [[Indian reservation|reservation]] as well as the beginning of the decline of both the [[American Indian Wars]] and the [[American frontier]].

[[File:University of Denver campus pics 015.jpg|thumb|[[University of Denver]] University Hall, built in 1890]]

=== Date unknown ===
* The [[folding carton]] box is invented by [[Robert Gair]], a [[Brooklyn]] printer who developed production of paper-board boxes in [[1879]].
* The United States city of [[Boise, Idaho]], drills the first [[Geothermal energy|geothermal]] well.
* [[Brown trout]] are introduced into the upper [[Firehole River]], in [[Yellowstone National Park]].
* ''[[High School Cadets]]'' is written by [[John Philip Sousa]].
* [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|William II of Prussia]] opposes Bismarck's attempt to renew the law outlawing the [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Social Democratic Party]].
* [[Blackwall Buildings]], [[Whitechapel]], noted [[philanthropy|philanthropic]] housing, is built in the [[East End of London]].
* English archaeologist [[Flinders Petrie]] excavates at [[Tell el-Hesi]], [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] (mistakenly identified as [[Tel Lachish]]), the first scientific excavation of an archaeological site in the [[Holy Land]], during which he discovers how [[tell (archaeology)|tells]] are formed.
* American [[Geostrategy|geostrategist]] [[Alfred Thayer Mahan]] publishes his influential book ''[[The Influence of Sea Power upon History]], 1660–1783''.
* [[Francis Galton]] announces a statistical demonstration of the uniqueness and classifiability of individual human [[fingerprint]]s.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Patterns in Thumb and Finger Marks – On Their Arrangement into Naturally Distinct Classes, the Permanence of the Papillary Ridges that Make Them, and the Resemblance of Their Classes to Ordinary Genera|pages=1–23|first=Francis|last=Galton|journal=[[Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B]]|volume=182|year=1891|jstor=91733|doi=10.1098/rstb.1891.0001|doi-access=free}}</ref>
* [[Japan]]ese [[tractor]] and [[Cast iron pipe|iron pipe]] [[brand]], [[Kubota]] founded in [[Osaka]], Japan.<ref>{{cite web|title=1890 › 1926|url=https://www.kubota.com/museum/history/1890_1926.html|work=Kubota Virtual Museum|accessdate=2023-03-16}}</ref>
* [[Emerson Electric]], an [[United States|American]] [[electronics industry]] giant, is founded in [[Missouri]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Emerson Company History|url=https://www.emerson.com/en-us/about-us/company-history|website=emerson.com|publisher=Emerson Electric|access-date=2021-03-04}}</ref>