Editing 1872 (section)

== Events ==

===January&ndash;March===
* [[January 12]] &ndash; [[Yohannes IV]] is crowned Emperor of [[Ethiopian Empire|Ethiopia]] in [[Axum]], the first ruler crowned in that city in over 500 years.
*[[January 20]] &ndash; The [[Cavite mutiny]] was an uprising of Filipino military personnel of [[Fort San Felipe (Cavite)|Fort San Felipe]], the Spanish arsenal in [[Cavite]], Philippine Islands.<ref name=Foreman>Foreman, J., 1906, The set course for her patrol area off the northeastern coast of the main Japanese island [[Honshū]]. She arrived, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons</ref>{{rp|107}} 
* [[February 2]] &ndash; The government of the United Kingdom buys a number of forts on the [[Gold Coast (region)|Gold Coast]], from the Netherlands.<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title= The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=294–295|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref>
* [[February 4]] &ndash; A great [[solar flare]], and associated [[geomagnetic storm]], makes northern lights visible as far south as Cuba.<ref name=1872t>{{cite news |title=Cuba. Miscellaneous Gossip |url=http://www.solarstorms.org/NewsPapers/1872t.pdf |work=The New York Times |date=February 11, 1872}}</ref> 
* [[February 13]] &ndash; [[Rex parade|Rex]], the most famous parade on [[Mardi Gras]], parades for the first time in [[New Orleans]] for [[Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich of Russia]].
* [[February 17]] &ndash; [[Filipino people|Filipino]] priests [[José Burgos]], [[Mariano Gomez (priest)|Mariano Gomez]] and [[Jacinto Zamora]], collectively known as [[Gomburza]], are executed in Bagumbayan Fields, Manila, [[Philippines]] by the authorities of [[New Spain]], on charges of [[subversion]] arising from the [[1872 Cavite mutiny]].
* [[February 20]] &ndash; The [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] opens in New York City.
* [[February 22]] &ndash; The [[Prohibition Party]] holds its first national convention in [[Columbus, Ohio]], nominating [[James Black (prohibitionist)|James Black]] as its presidential nominee. 
* [[March 1]] &ndash; In the United States, [[Yellowstone National Park]] (once dubbed "Colter's Hell" after [[John Colter]], of the [[Lewis and Clark Expedition]]) is established as the world's first [[national park]].
* [[March 4]] &ndash; ''[[The Boston Globe]]'' is founded in [[Boston, Massachusetts]], as the largest newspaper of the [[New England]] region.
* [[March 5]]
** [[George Westinghouse]] receives a [[United States patent]] for the "failsafe" automatic [[railway air brake]].
** The [[Tichborne case]] is decided in London against claimant [[Arthur Orton]] (who, as a result, is convicted of [[perjury]] in [[1874]]).
* [[March 9]] &ndash; Alfred B. Miller and Elmer Crockett found the ''[[South Bend Tribune]]'' newspaper in the United States.
* [[March 11]] &ndash; Work begins on the [[Seven Sisters, Neath Port Talbot|Seven Sisters]] Colliery in [[South Wales]], located on one of the richest coal sources in Britain.
* [[March 16]] &ndash; [[1872 FA Cup Final]]: In the first ever final of the [[FA Cup]], the world's oldest [[association football|football]] competition, [[Wanderers F.C.]] defeat [[Royal Engineers A.F.C.]] 1–0 at [[The Oval]] in [[Kennington]], London.<ref name="Pocket On This Day">{{cite book|title=Penguin Pocket On This Day|publisher=Penguin Reference Library|isbn=0-14-102715-0|year=2006}}</ref>
* [[March 26]] &ndash; The 7.4–7.9 {{M|w}} [[1872 Lone Pine earthquake|Lone Pine earthquake]] shakes [[eastern California]], with a maximum [[Mercalli intensity scale|Mercalli intensity]] of X (''Extreme''); 27 people are killed and 56 injured.

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April]]
**Japan introduces their first modern paper currency (designed by Italian engraver [[Edoardo Chiossone]]) in the form of [[Meiji Tsuho]] notes. These are initially worth up to [[1 yen note|1 yen]] before higher denominations are printed/released in June and August.
* [[April 10]] &ndash; The first [[Arbor Day]] is celebrated in [[Nebraska]].
* [[May|May 4]]
** The magazine ''[[Popular Science]]'' is first published in the United States.
** [[Rangers F.C.]], founded in March as an [[Association football]] club in [[Glasgow]] (Scotland) by brothers [[Moses McNeil|Moses]] and [[Peter McNeil (footballer)|Peter McNeil]], [[Peter Campbell (Rangers footballer)|Peter Campbell]] and [[William McBeath]], play their first ever game on the public pitches of [[Glasgow Green]], a goalless draw against Callander.
* [[May 10]] &ndash; [[Victoria Woodhull]] becomes the first woman nominated for [[President of the United States]], although she is a year too young to qualify and does not appear on the ballot.
* [[May 14]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Mañaria]], near [[Bilbao]], Spain during the [[Third Carlist War]] (1872–1876)
* [[May 15]] &ndash; The [[New Zealand Wars]] end after 17 years, with the conclusion of [[Te Kooti's War]]; Maori spiritual leader [[Te Kooti]] Arikirangi Te Turuk crosses the Waikato River, and enters the territory of the Māori King [[Tāwhiao]], where he is granted asylum.
* [[May 22]]
** [[Reconstruction Era|Reconstruction]]: U.S. President [[Ulysses S. Grant]] signs the [[Amnesty Act]] of 1872 into law, restoring full [[civil rights]] to all but about 500 [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] sympathizers.
** [[Georges Bizet]]'s [[comic opera]] ''[[Djamileh]]'' is premièred at the [[Opéra-Comique]] in Paris, France.
* [[June 14]] &ndash; [[Trade union]]s are legalised in Canada.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/origins-of-labour-day-feature|encyclopedia=[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]]|title=Origins of Labour Day|access-date=June 6, 2014|archive-date=October 28, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028085442/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/article/origins-of-labour-day-feature/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[June 15]] &ndash; [[Thomas Hardy]] anonymously publishes his novel ''[[Under the Greenwood Tree]]'' in England.

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 1]]
** [[Thomas François Burgers]] becomes [[State President of the South African Republic]].<ref name="ZAR">[http://www.archontology.org/nations/south_africa/transvaal/00_1857_1877_s.php Archontology.org: A Guide for Study of Historical Offices, South African Republic (Transvaal): Heads of State: 1857-1877] (Accessed on 14 April 2017)</ref>
** [[Schenker AG|Schenker]], predecessor of [[DB Schenker]], the worldwide [[logistics]] and [[freight]] operator, is founded in [[Vienna]], [[Austria]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Company History {{!}} Our Story |url=https://www.dbschenker.com/global/insights/profile/history |access-date=2025-03-05 |website=DB SCHENKER |language=en}}</ref>
* [[July 4]]
** The [[Society of Jesus]] is pronounced illegal in the [[German Empire]].
** [[Tsukuba University]] is founded in Japan, as a teacher training college.<ref>{{cite book|title=Japanese Colleges and Universities|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oXrYAAAAIAAJ|year=1989|publisher=Maruzen Company|isbn=978-4-621-03357-9|page=173}}</ref>
* [[July 15]] &ndash; ''Hochi Mail News'', later ''Hochi Daily News'', a [[Japanese language]] newspaper, is first published in [[Tokyo]], although it changes coverage from general news to a [[Sports Hochi|sports newspaper]] from December [[1949]].{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}
[[File:Benito Juarez 1.jpg|left|thumb|Daguerreotype of Benito Juárez as president of Mexico.]]
*[[July 18]] &ndash; [[President of Mexico|Mexican President]] [[Benito Juarez]] dies of a heart attack, and [[Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada]] becomes interim president.<ref name="lerdo" />
* [[July 19]] &ndash; Explorer [[William Gosse (explorer)|William Gosse]] reaches [[Uluru]] in central [[Australia]] and names it Ayers Rock.
* [[August 22]] &ndash; The [[Australian Overland Telegraph Line]] is completed, providing a telegraphic link between Australia and the rest of the world for the first time.
* [[September 1]] &ndash; A group of Icaiche [[Maya peoples|Maya]] under Marcos Canul [[Battle of Orange Walk|attack the British garrison at Orange Walk Town]] in [[British Honduras]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Durán |first1=Victor Manuel |title=Cultural Connections in Belize |journal=Americas |date=July–August 2008 |volume=60 |issue=4 |page=50 |url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/c67dc2c7237cfb64438ad6237a651614/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=42177 |access-date=27 February 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[September 17]] &ndash; Shiseido Pharmacy Shop, predecessor of [[Shiseido]], a major worldwide [[cosmetics]] brand, is founded in [[Ginza]], [[Tokyo]], Japan.
* [[September 18]] &ndash; Upon the death of King [[Charles XV of Sweden]] and [[Norway]], he is succeeded as King of both crowns by his brother [[Oscar II of Sweden|Oscar II]].
* [[September 26]] &ndash; The first [[Shriners]] Temple (called Mecca) is established in New York City.

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 1]]
** The Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College begins its first academic session (the university is later renamed [[Virginia Tech]]).
** The first case is reported in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, of the Great Epizootic of 1872 ([[equine influenza]], or the "horse flu") which will substantially disrupt life in North America by mid-December.
* [[October 16]] &ndash; University College Wales (later to become [[Aberystwyth University]]) begins its first academic session.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aber.ac.uk/en/university/history/timelinepart1/|title=Aberystwyth University - Early Days|website=www.aber.ac.uk|access-date=2016-07-28|archive-date=July 20, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160720051746/http://www.aber.ac.uk/en/university/history/timelinepart1/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[November 5]]
** [[1872 United States presidential election]]: [[Ulysses S. Grant]] defeats [[Horace Greeley]].
** [[Women's suffrage]]: In defiance of the law, American suffragist [[Susan B. Anthony]] votes for the first time (on [[November 18]] she is served an arrest warrant, and in the subsequent trial is fined $100, which she never pays).
* [[November 7]] &ndash; The ''[[Mary Celeste]]'' sets sail from New York; bound for Genoa, Italy.
* [[November 9]] &ndash; [[Great Boston Fire of 1872]]: In [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]], a large fire begins to burn on Lincoln Street (the 2-day disaster destroys about {{convert|65|acre|km2}} of the city, 776 buildings, much of the financial district and causes US$60&nbsp;million in damage).
* [[November 11]] &ndash; U.S. government geologist [[Clarence King]] reveals the [[Diamond hoax of 1872|diamond hoax]] in [[Wyoming]].
* [[November 12]] – [[Dresdner Bank]] is founded in [[Dresden, Germany]].
* [[November 13]] &ndash; [[Claude Monet]] begins painting ''[[Impression, Sunrise]]'' (''Impression, soleil levant'', the painting that will give a name to [[Impressionism]]) as viewed from his hotel room at [[Le Havre]] in France.<ref>{{cite book|first=Donald W.|last=Olson|chapter=Dating Impression, Sunrise|title=Monet's Impression, Sunrise: the biography of a painting|location=Paris|publisher=Éditions Hazan; Musée Marmottan Monet|year=2014|isbn=978-0-300-21088-0|pages=80–105}}</ref>
* [[November 16]] &ndash; The first ever [[Metropolitan Police strike of 1872|Metropolitan Police strike]] in London.
* [[November 22]] &ndash; "Spitzeder Swindle": [[Adele Spitzeder]]'s pioneering [[Ponzi scheme]] in [[Munich]] collapses.
* [[November 27]] &ndash; A [[meteor shower]] display of [[Andromedids]] is seen over France.
* [[November 29]]
** [[American Indian Wars]]: The [[Modoc War]] begins with the Battle of Lost River.
** [[Horace Greeley]], President [[Ulysses S. Grant]]'s opponent in [[1872 United States presidential election|this year's U.S. presidential election]], dies. His electoral votes are divided among several candidates.
* [[November 30]] &ndash; The first international [[Association football]] match to be recognised (retrospectively) by FIFA as "official" takes place at [[Hamilton Crescent]], Scotland; the result is Scotland 0-0 England.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.londonhearts.com/scotland/games/18721130.html|title=18721130 Sat 30 Nov 1872 Scotland 0 England 0|website=www.londonhearts.com}}</ref> [[England v Scotland representative football matches (1870–72)|Earlier international football matches]] have already taken place in 1870, [[England v Scotland (1871)|in 1871]] and [[England v Scotland (1872)|again in 1872]] at [[the Oval]], London.
* [[December 1]]
**[[Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada]] becomes constitutional [[President of Mexico]].<ref name="lerdo">{{cite web|title=Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada|url=https://historia-biografia.com/sebastian-lerdo-de-tejada/|website=Historia-Biografia.com|first=Leydy|last=Montoya|date=October 29, 2018|language=es |access-date=June 8, 2019}}</ref>
** [[Responsible government]] is granted to [[Cape Colony]] (South Africa). [[John Charles Molteno|Sir John Molteno]], first [[Cape Colony#Prime Ministers of the Cape of Good Hope (1872–1910)|Prime Minister of the Cape of Good Hope]], forms the first Cape Cabinet<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/first-cape-cabinet-formed-john-molteno-premier|title=The first Cape cabinet is formed, with John Molteno as premier.|last=tinashe|date=November 25, 2011}}</ref> which immediately plans to establish [[Cape Government Railways]] and take over the operation of all private railways in the Colony.<ref name="Holland 1">{{Holland-Vol 1}}</ref>
* [[December 3]] &ndash; Assyriologist [[George Smith (Assyriologist)|George Smith]] presents the first translation of the ''[[Epic of Gilgamesh]]'', to a meeting of the [[Society of Biblical Archaeology]] in London.
* [[December 4]] &ndash; The now-crewless American ship ''[[Mary Celeste]]'' is found (still seaworthy) by the British brig ''Dei Gratia'' in the Atlantic.
* [[December 9]] &ndash; In [[Louisiana]], [[P. B. S. Pinchback]] becomes the first [[African-American]] to govern a U.S. state. 
* [[December 14]]  &ndash; President [[Ulysses S. Grant]] establishes the [[San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation#History|San Carlos Apache Reservation]], in southeastern [[Arizona]].
* [[December 21]] &ndash; [[Challenger expedition|''Challenger'' expedition]]: {{HMS|Challenger|1858}} sails from [[Portsmouth]], England, on the 4-year scientific expedition that lays the foundation for the science of [[oceanography]].

=== Date unknown ===
* In the aftermath of the [[Paraguayan War]], the new government of [[Paraguay]] makes peace with [[Brazil]], granting reparations and territorial concessions.
* The ''Kolozsvári Egyetem'', predecessor of the [[University of Szeged]], is founded.
* Under Japan's [[Meiji Restoration]]:
** A conscription law, modeled on the French version, is issued.
** Universal [[Public school (government funded)|public school]]s are called for.
* The first [[Marist Brothers]] travel to Australia.
* [[S. T. Dupont]] begins the manufacture of luxury leather goods in France.
* [[Kimberly-Clark|Kimberly, Clark and Co.]] is founded in [[Neenah, Wisconsin]], by [[John A. Kimberly]], [[Charles B. Clark]], [[Havilah Babcock]] and [[Franklyn C. Shattuck]].
* [[Essendon Football Club]] is founded in [[Melbourne, Australia]].