Editing 1843 (section)

== Events ==
=== January–March ===
* [[January 3]] – The ''[[Illustrated Treatise on the Maritime Kingdoms]]'' (海國圖志, ''Hǎiguó Túzhì'') compiled by [[Wei Yuan]] and others, the first significant Chinese work on the West, is published in China.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Cambridge History of China: Late Ch'ing 1800-1911|last1=Hao|first1=Yen-p'ing|last2=Wang|first2=Erh-min|editor1-last=Fairbank|editor1-first=John King|editor1-link=John King Fairbank|editor2-last=Twitchett|editor2-first=Denis Crispin|isbn=978-0521-2202-93|volume=11|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pEfWaxPhdnIC|year=1980|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=148}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Wei Yuan and China's Rediscovery of the Maritime World|last1=Leonard|first1=Jane Kate|series=Harvard East Asian Monographs|isbn=978-0674-9485-56|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wQCm-bequYgC|year=1984|publisher=Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts}}</ref>
* [[January 6]] – [[Antarctic]] explorer [[James Clark Ross]] discovers [[Snow Hill Island]].
* [[January 20]] – [[Honório Hermeto Carneiro Leão, Marquis of Paraná]] is appointed by the Emperor, Dom Pedro, as the leader of the Brazilian Council of Ministers, although the office of [[Prime Minister of Brazil]] will not be officially created until 1847.
* [[January]]
** Serial publication of [[Charles Dickens]]'s novel ''[[Martin Chuzzlewit]]'' begins in [[London]]; in the July chapters, he lands his hero in the United States.
** [[Edgar Allan Poe]]'s short story "[[The Tell-Tale Heart]]" is published in ''The Pioneer'', a [[Boston]] magazine.
** The [[Quaker]] magazine ''[[The Friend (Quaker)|The Friend]]'' is first published in London.
* [[February 3]] – [[Uruguayan Civil War]]: [[Argentina]] supports [[Manuel Oribe|Oribe]] of [[Uruguay]], and begins a [[Great Siege of Montevideo|siege of Montevideo]].
* [[February 6]] – The [[Virginia Minstrels]] perform the first [[minstrel show]], at the [[Bowery Amphitheatre]] in New York City.
* [[February 8]] – The [[1843 Guadeloupe Earthquake]] hits the Caribbean island of [[Guadeloupe]], killing 1,500–5,000 people.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Illustrated History of Natural Disasters|date=April 3, 2018|publisher=Springer, Dordrecht|pages=163|doi=10.1007/978-90-481-3325-3_38|chapter = Guadeloupe Earthquake, Antilles, 1843|isbn = 978-90-481-3324-6 }}</ref>
* [[February 11]] – [[Giuseppe Verdi]]'s opera ''[[I Lombardi alla prima crociata]]'' premieres at [[La Scala]] in [[Milan]].
* [[February 14]] – The event that will inspire The Beatles' 1967 song "[[Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!]]" is held in England.
* [[February 25]] – [[Paulet Affair (1843)|Paulet Affair]]: [[Lord George Paulet]] occupies the [[Kingdom of Hawaii]] in the name of Great Britain.
* [[February]] – Shaikh Ali bin Khalifa Al-Khalifa captures the fort and town of [[Riffa]] after the rival branch of the family fails to gain control of the Riffa Fort and flees to Manama. Shaikh Mohamed bin Ahmed is killed at the battle, called the Battle of Hunayniya.
* [[March 8]] – The Danish government re-establishes the [[Althing]] in [[Iceland]] as an advisory body, by royal decree.
* [[March 11]]–[[March 14|14]] – ''[[Eta Carinae]]'' flares, to become the [[List of brightest stars|second-brightest star]].
* [[March 13]] – [[Catawba County, North Carolina]] is created, and its first court is held in Mathias Barringer Jr.'s house.
* [[March 15]] – [[Victoria, British Columbia]], is founded by the Hudson's Bay Company as a trading post and fort.
* [[March 16]] – The city of [[Petrópolis]] is founded by the government of [[Empire of Brazil|Brazil]].<ref name="WDL">{{cite web|url= http://www.wdl.org/en/item/1360/|title=Emperor Street|website=[[World Digital Library]]|date=1860–1870|access-date=2013-08-24}}</ref>
* [[March 21]] – The world does not end, contrary to the first prediction by American preacher [[William Miller (preacher)|William Miller]].
* [[March 24]] – [[Battle of Hyderabad]]: The [[Bombay Army]], led by [[Charles James Napier|Major General Sir Charles Napier]], defeats the [[Talpur dynasty|Talpur Mirs]], securing [[Sindh]] as a [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|province of British India]].
* [[March 25]] – [[Marc Isambard Brunel]]'s [[Thames Tunnel]], the first tunnel under the [[River Thames]] and the world's first bored underwater tunnel, is opened in London for pedestrians.<ref name="Pocket On This Day">{{cite book|title=Penguin Pocket On This Day|publisher=Penguin Reference Library|isbn=978-0-14-102715-9|year=2006}}</ref>

=== April–June ===
* [[April 7]] – The [[Indian Slavery Act, 1843]] removes legal support for slavery within the territories of the East India Company
* [[April 16]]  or [[April 17|17]] – A group of 24 [[West Indian]] Moravians from [[Jamaica]] and [[Antigua]], recruited by the [[Danes|Danish]] minister and [[Basel Mission|Basel missionary]], [[Andreas Riis]], arrive in Christiansborg ([[Osu, Accra|Osu]]), [[Danish Gold Coast|Gold Coast]], now [[Ghana]], to set up schools and Presbyterian churches in the country.
* [[May 4]] – [[Colony of Natal|Natal]] is proclaimed a British colony.
* [[May 18]] – In Edinburgh, the [[Free Church of Scotland (1843–1900)|Free Church of Scotland]] is [[Disruption of 1843|disrupted]] from the [[Church of Scotland]].
* [[May 22]] – The first major [[wagon train]] headed for the American Northwest sets out with 1,000 pioneers from [[Elm Grove, Missouri]], on the [[Oregon Trail]].
* [[May 23]] – [[Chile]] takes possession of the [[Strait of Magellan]].
* [[June 6]] – In [[Barbados]], [[Samuel Jackman Prescod]] is the first non-white person elected to the House of Assembly.
* [[June 17]] – In [[New Zealand]], a posse of British settlers sent to arrest [[Māori people|Māori]] chief [[Te Rauparaha]] clash with members of his [[Ngāti Toa]] tribe, resulting in 26 deaths.
* [[June 21]] – [[Edgar Allan Poe]]'s short story "[[The Gold-Bug]]" begins serialization in American newspapers.

=== July–September ===
[[File:Ss Great Britain.jpg|thumb|200px|right| [[July 19]]: {{SS|Great Britain}} launch]]
* [[July]] – [[Margaret Fuller]]'s "The Great Lawsuit. Man versus Men. Woman versus Women" appears in ''The Dial'' magazine in the United States.
* [[July 12]] – [[Origin of Latter Day Saint polygamy]]: [[Joseph Smith]], founder of the [[Latter Day Saint movement]] in the United States, is purported to receive a revelation recommending [[Mormonism and polygamy|polygamy]]. 
* [[July 19]] – [[Isambard Kingdom Brunel]]'s {{SS|Great Britain}} is launched from [[Bristol]]; it will be the first iron-hulled, propeller-driven ship to cross the Atlantic Ocean.<ref>{{cite news|title=Royal Visit|work=The Bristol Mirror|pages=1–2|date=20 July 1843}}</ref>
* [[July 25]] – Père Antoine Désiré Mégret, a Capuchin missionary, purchases the land that will become [[Abbeville, Louisiana]] for $900, a town founded by descendants of [[Acadians]] from [[Nova Scotia]].
* [[August 1]] – [[Postage stamps and postal history of Brazil|Brazil]] becomes the second country, after Great Britain, to issue nationally valid [[postage stamp]]s, with the release of its ''[[Bull's Eye (postage stamp)|Bull's Eye]]'' series.
* [[August 19]] – Edgar Allan Poe's short story "[[The Black Cat (short story)|The Black Cat]]" is first published in ''The Saturday Evening Post''.
[[File:Kopenhaga tivoli jan2004 ubt.jpeg|thumb|220px| [[August 15]]: The [[Tivoli Gardens]] open in Denmark.]]
* [[August 15]] – [[Tivoli Gardens]], one of the oldest [[amusement park]]s in the world still intact, opens in [[Copenhagen]], Denmark.
* [[September]] – [[Ada Lovelace]] translates and expands [[Luigi Federico Menabrea|Menabrea]]'s notes on [[Charles Babbage]]'s [[Analytical Engine]], including an [[algorithm]] for calculating a sequence of [[Bernoulli numbers]], regarded as the world's first [[computer program]].<ref>{{cite journal|first1=John|last1=Fuegi|first2=Jo|last2=Francis|title=Lovelace & Babbage and the creation of the 1843 'notes'|journal=[[IEEE Annals of the History of Computing]]|volume=25|issue=4|pages=16–26|doi=10.1109/MAHC.2003.1253887|date=October–December 2003}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cs-www.cs.yale.edu/homes/tap/Files/ada-bio.html|title=Ada Byron, Lady Lovelace|access-date=2010-07-11|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100721013509/http://cs-www.cs.yale.edu/homes/tap/Files/ada-bio.html|archive-date=July 21, 2010|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Menabrea|first=L. F.|author-link=Luigi Federico Menabrea|year=1843|title=Sketch of the Analytical Engine Invented by Charles Babbage|journal=[[Scientific Memoirs]]|volume=3|url=http://www.fourmilab.ch/babbage/sketch.html|access-date=2010-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100913042032/http://www.fourmilab.ch/babbage/sketch.html |archive-date=September 13, 2010|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[September 2]] – ''[[The Economist]]'' newspaper is first published in London (preliminary issue dated ''August'').
* [[September 4]] – Emperor Dom [[Pedro II of Brazil]] marries Dona [[Teresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies]], in a state ceremony in [[Rio de Janeiro Cathedral]].
* [[September 15]] (Sept. 3, O.S.) – A [[3 September 1843 Revolution|Popular uprising]] in [[Athens]], Greece, including citizens and military captains, demands from [[Otto of Greece|King Otto]] a liberal [[Constitution]] from the state, which has been governed since independence ([[1830]]) by various domestic and foreign business interests.
*[[September 21]] – The crew of [[Chilean schooner Ancud (1843)|schooner ''Ancud'']], including [[John Williams Wilson]], [[Chilean colonization of the Strait of Magellan|takes possession]] of the [[Strait of Magellan]] on behalf of the Chilean government.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.defensa.cl/noticias/a-178-anos-de-la-toma-de-posesion-del-estrecho-de-magallanes-ministro-prokurica-resalta-a-los-unifor/ |title=A 178 años de la Toma de Posesión del Estrecho de Magallanes, ministro Prokurica resalta a los uniformados que hacen Patria en lugares apartados |date=2021-09-22 |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=Ministerio de Defensa Nacional |language=Spanish}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=A history of the Chilean boundaries |last=Talbott |first=Robert D.|chapter=The Strait of Magellan |publisher=The Iowa State University Press |year=1974 |isbn=0-8138-0305-5 |edition=A Replica |location=|pages=82}}</ref>

=== October–December ===
* [[October 3]] – [[Elling Eielsen]] is ordained as the first Norwegian Lutheran minister in the United States.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=H3NBAAAAYAAJ&dq=%221843%2C+and+was+the+first+Norw.+Luth.+minister+in%22&pg=PA345 p. 345] of the Lutheran Cyclopedia</ref>
* [[October 16]]
** [[Søren Kierkegaard]]'s philosophical book ''[[Fear and Trembling]]'' is first published, in Denmark.
** Irish mathematician [[William Rowan Hamilton]] discovers the calculus of [[quaternion]]s and deduces that they are [[Commutative property|non-commutative]].<ref>{{cite web|title=William Rowan Hamilton Plaque|url=https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/347941|work=Geograph|year=2007|access-date=2011-03-08}}</ref>
* [[October 30]] – [[Fuerte Bulnes]], the first Chilean settlement in the [[strait of Magellan]], is founded. 
* [[November 17]] – The city of [[Shanghai]] opens for trade with foreigners for the first time, welcoming a party of traders from the United Kingdom.<ref>Wen-Hsin Yeh, ''The Alienated Academy: Culture and Politics in Republican China, 1919-1937'' (Harvard University Asia Center, 2000) p51</ref><ref>Edward Denison and Guang Yu Ren, ''Building Shanghai: The Story of China's Gateway'' (John Wiley & Sons, 2013)</ref>
* [[November 25]] – [[Mount Etna]] erupts in [[Italy]], and kills 69 people in the village of [[Bronte, Sicily|Bronte]].<ref>George Dennis, ''A Handbook for Travellers in Sicily: Including Palermo, Messina, Catania, Syracuse, Etna, and the Ruins of the Greek Temples'' (John Murray Publishers, 1864) p429</ref><ref>Jan Kozák and Vladimir Cermák, ''The Illustrated History of Natural Disasters'' (Springer, 2010) p55</ref>
* [[November 28]] – Hawaii is recognized as an independent nation by the United Kingdom and France. The holiday is celebrated annually as [[La Ku'oko'a]] (Independence Day).
* [[December 9]] – [[Bishop's University]] is founded as Bishop's College by Bishop [[George Jehoshaphat Mountain]] in [[Lennoxville, Quebec]], for the education of members of the [[Church of England]].
* [[December 13]] – [[Basutoland]] becomes a British protectorate.<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=266–267|isbn=978-0-7126-5616-0}}</ref>
* [[December 19]] – [[Charles Dickens]]'s novella ''[[A Christmas Carol]]'' is first published in London, England. Released on [[December 19]], it sells out by Christmas Eve.<ref>{{cite book|last=Dickens|first=Charles|editor=Douglas-Fairhurst, Robert|year=2006|title=A Christmas Carol and other Christmas Books|publisher=Oxford University Press|series=Oxford world's classics|isbn=978-0-19-280694-9}}</ref>
* [[December 21]] – The first total solar eclipse of [[Solar Saros 139|Saros 139]] occurs over southern Asia.
* [[December]] – The world's first [[Christmas card]]s, commissioned by Sir [[Henry Cole (inventor)|Henry Cole]] in London from the artist [[John Callcott Horsley]], are sent.<ref>{{cite journal|first=György|last=Buday|year=1992|title=The history of the Christmas card|page=8|journal=Omnigraphics}}</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* In Asia, the [[House of Jamalullail (Perlis)|House of Jamalullail]] is established in the state of [[Perlis|Perlis Darul Sunnah]] (formally as Perlis Indera Kayangan) after separation from the state of [[Kedah]].
* [[James Joule]] experimentally finds the [[mechanical equivalent of heat]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=On the Mechanical Equivalent of Heat|last=Joule|first=J. P.|journal=[[Proceedings of the Royal Society|Abstracts of the Papers Communicated to the Royal Society of London]]|year=1843|volume=5|page=839|doi=10.1098/rspl.1843.0196|doi-access=free}}</ref>
* The steam powered [[rotary printing press]] is invented, by [[Richard March Hoe]] in the United States.<ref>{{cite book|last=Meggs|first=Philip B.|author-link=Philip B. Meggs|title=A History of Graphic Design|publisher=Wiley|year=1998|edition=3rd|page=147|isbn=978-0-471-29198-5}} It receives {{US Patent|5199}} in [[1847 in science|1847]] and is placed in commercial use the same year.</ref>
* [[Saint Louis University School of Law]] becomes the first law school west of the [[Mississippi River]].
* [[Kurds|Kurdish]] leader [[Bedir Khan Beg]] launched an [[Bedir Khan Beg's campaign against the Assyrians|expedition]] against the Assyrians in the [[Hakkari (historical region)|Hakkari]] region.Thousands of Assyrians were massacred during the campaign.