Editing 1841 (section)

== Events ==

=== January–March ===
* [[January 20]] – [[Charles Elliot]] of the United Kingdom and [[Qishan (official)|Qishan]] of the [[Qing dynasty]] agree to the [[Convention of Chuenpi]].
* [[January 26]] – Britain occupies [[Hong Kong]]. Later in the year, the first census of the island records a population of about 7,500.<ref>{{cite book|first=John|last=Thomson|author-link=John Thomson (photographer)|url=http://irc.aa.tufs.ac.jp/thomson/vol_1/mother/102.html|chapter=Hong-Kong|title=Illustrations of China and Its People|volume=1|location=London|year=1873}}</ref>
* [[January 27]] – The active [[volcano]] [[Mount Erebus]] in Antarctica is discovered, and named by [[James Clark Ross]].<ref>Ross, ''Voyage to the Southern Seas'', '''1''', pp. 216–218.</ref>
* [[January 28]] – Ross discovers the "Victoria Barrier", later known as the [[Ross Ice Shelf]]. On the same voyage, he discovers the [[Ross Sea]], [[Victoria Land]] and [[Mount Terror (Antarctica)|Mount Terror]].
* [[January 30]] – 
**[[El Salvador]] proclaims itself an independent republic, bringing an end to the  [[Federal Republic of Central America]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Marure|first1=Alejandro|date=1895|title=Efemérides de los Hechos Notables Acaecidos en la República de Centro-América Desde el Año de 1821 Hasta el de 1842|trans-title=Ephemeris of the Notable Events that Occurred in the Republic of Central America from the Year 1821 to that of 1842|url=https://archive.org/details/efemeridesdeloshe00alejguat/page/n11/mode/2up|language=es|location=Central America|publisher=Tipografía Nacional|page=127|oclc=02933391|access-date=26 April 2024}}</ref>
**A fire destroys two-thirds of the city of [[Mayagüez, Puerto Rico]].<ref>"Mayagüez; Notas para su Historia"; by Silvia Aguilo Ramos (Author); Page: 76; Publisher: Model Offset Printing, San Juan (1984); Language: Spanish</ref>
* [[February 4]] – The first known reference is made to [[Groundhog Day]], celebrated in North America, in the diary of a James Morris.
* [[February 10]] – The [[Act of Union 1840|Act of Union]] (''British North America Act'', [[1840]]) is proclaimed in Canada.
* [[February 11]] – [[Upper Canada]] and [[Lower Canada]] are merged to create the [[United Province of Canada]].<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |last=Monet|first=Jacques |title=Act of Union |encyclopedia=[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]] |date=27 September 2019 |publisher=[[Historica Canada]] |edition=online |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/act-of-union}}</ref>
* [[February 18]] – The first ongoing [[filibuster]] in the [[United States Senate]] begins, and lasts until [[March 11]].
* [[March 9]] – ''[[United States v. The Amistad]]'': The [[Supreme Court of the United States]] rules in the case, that the Africans who seized control of the ship had been taken into [[slavery]] illegally.
* [[March 12]] – All 136 passengers and crew on steamship {{SS|President}}, commanded by legendary captain [[Richard Roberts (sea captain)|Richard Roberts]] (known for saying "I'd go to sea in a bathtub"), are killed when the ship founders in rough seas.<ref>{{cite book|last = Fox|first = Stephen|title = Transatlantic: Samuel Cunard, Isambard Brunel and the Great Atlantic Steamships|url = https://archive.org/details/transatlanticsam00foxs|url-access = registration|publisher =Harper Collins|year =2004|isbn =0-06-095549-X}}</ref>

=== April–June ===
* [[April 4]] – President [[William Henry Harrison]] dies of [[pneumonia]], aged 68, becoming the first president of the United States to die in office, and at one month, the American president with the shortest term served. He is succeeded by Vice President [[John Tyler]].
* [[May]] – The [[Sino-Sikh War]] begins.
* [[May 3]] – [[Colony of New Zealand|New Zealand]] becomes a separate British colony,<ref name="Pocket On This Day">{{cite book|title=Penguin Pocket On This Day|publisher=Penguin Reference Library|isbn=0-14-102715-0|year=2006}}</ref> having previously been administered as part of the [[Colony of New South Wales]].
* [[May 22]] – The Georgian province of [[Guria]] [[1841 rebellion in Guria|revolts]] against the [[Russian Empire]].
* [[June 6]] – The [[United Kingdom Census 1841|United Kingdom Census]] is held, the first to record names and approximate ages of every household member, and to be administered nationally.
* [[June 21]] – St. John's College, later [[Fordham University]], is founded in [[The Bronx]] by [[Jesuits]].
* [[June 28]] – The ballet ''[[Giselle]]'' is first presented by the [[Ballet du Théâtre de l'Académie Royale de Musique]], at the [[Salle Le Peletier]] in Paris, France, with music by [[Adolphe Adam]] and Italian ballerina [[Carlotta Grisi]] in the title role.

=== July–September ===
[[File:18th Royal Irish at Amoy.jpg|thumb|[[August 26]]: [[Battle of Amoy]] in the [[First Opium War]].]]
* [[July 5]] – [[Thomas Cook]] arranges his first railway excursion in England.<ref name="Pocket On This Day"/>
* [[July 17]] – The first edition of the humorous magazine ''[[Punch (magazine)|Punch]]'' is published in London.<ref>{{cite book|title=The History of "Punch"|url=https://archive.org/details/historypunch04spiegoog|first=Marion Harry|last=Spielmann|year=1895|page=[https://archive.org/details/historypunch04spiegoog/page/n48 27]}}</ref>
* [[July 18]] (Sunday)
** Emperor [[Pedro II of Brazil]] is [[Coronation|crowned]] in [[Rio de Janeiro]].
** The sixth bishop of [[Calcutta]], [[Daniel Wilson (bishop)|Daniel Wilson]], and Dr. James Taylor, Civil Surgeon at [[Dhaka]], establish the first modern educational institution on the Indian subcontinent, [[Dhaka College]].
* [[July 20]] – The Mercantile Agency (ancestor of [[Dun & Bradstreet]]) is founded in New York City by Lewis Tappan.
* [[July 31]] – Scottish [[missionary]] [[David Livingstone]] arrives at [[Kuruman]] in the [[Northern Cape]], his first posting in Africa.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ross | first=Andrew| title=David Livingstone : Mission and Empire |publisher=Hambledon Continuum |publication-place=London |year=2002 |pages=39–43 |isbn= 978-1-85285-285-6}}</ref>
* [[August 11]] – [[Frederick Douglass]] speaks in front of the [[Anti-Slavery Convention]] in [[Nantucket, Massachusetts]].
* [[August 16]] – U.S. President [[John Tyler]] vetoes a [[Bill (proposed law)|bill]] which called for the re-establishment of the [[Second Bank of the United States]]. Enraged [[Whig Party (United States)|Whig Party]] members riot outside the [[White House]], in the most violent demonstration on White House grounds in U.S. history.
* [[August 20]]–[[October 16]] – The [[Niger expedition of 1841]] begins sailing up the [[Niger River]] by [[paddle steamer]]s, under the auspices of the British Society for the Extinction of the Slave Trade and the Civilisation of Africa; it is largely abortive, due to the high incidence of disease among the crews.
* [[September 24]] – [[Kingdom of Sarawak|Sarawak]] is broken away from [[Sultanate of Brunei|Brunei]], and [[James Brooke]] is appointed [[Raja]]h.

=== October–December ===
* [[October 10]] – [[First Opium War]]: [[Battle of Chinhai]] – British capture a Chinese garrison.
* [[October 13]] – First Opium War: British occupy [[Ningbo]].
* [[October 16]] – [[Queen's University at Kingston|Queen's University]] is founded in [[Kingston, Ontario]], by [[Reverend|Rev.]] [[Thomas Liddell]], who carries a [[Royal Charter]] from [[Queen Victoria]], and becomes the school's first [[Principal (academia)|principal]].
* [[October 30]] – A fire at the [[Tower of London]] destroys its Grand Armoury and causes a quarter of a million pounds' worth of damage.<ref>{{cite book|title=The London Encyclopaedia|first=Ben|last=Weinreb|author2=Hibbert, Christopher|publisher=Macmillan|year=1995|isbn=0-333-57688-8|page=287}}</ref>
* [[November]] – The settlement of [[Dallas]], [[Republic of Texas|Texas]], is founded by [[John Neely Bryan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dallashistory.org/history/dallas/dallas_history.htm |title=Dallas History |access-date=2006-04-20 |author=Dallas Historical Society |author-link=Dallas Historical Society |date=2002-12-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060422183559/http://www.dallashistory.org/history/dallas/dallas_history.htm |archive-date=April 22, 2006 }}</ref>
* [[November 13]] – Scottish surgeon [[James Braid (surgeon)|James Braid]] first sees a demonstration of ''[[animal magnetism]]'' by [[Charles Lafontaine]] in [[Manchester]], which leads to his study of the phenomenon that he (Braid) eventually calls ''[[hypnotism]]''.
* [[December 20]] – The first [[multilateral treaty]] for the suppression of the [[African slave trade]], the [[Treaty for the Suppression of the African Slave Trade]], signed in London by the representatives of [[Austrian Empire|Austria]], [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|Britain]], [[July Monarchy|France]], [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]] and [[Russian Empire|Russia]].
* [[December 23]] – [[First Anglo-Afghan War]]: At a meeting with the [[Afghanistan|Afghan]] general [[Wazir Akbar Khan|Akbar Khan]], British diplomat Sir [[William Hay Macnaghten]] is shot dead at close quarters.
* [[December 27]] – [[Franz Liszt]] gives a piano recital at the [[Sing-Akademie zu Berlin]] to an enthusiastic audience, retrospectively marked as the beginning of [[Lisztomania]], which will accompany his tours across Europe during the decade.<ref>{{cite book|last=Walker|first=Alan|author-link=Alan Walker (musicologist)|title=Franz Liszt, The Virtuoso Years (1811–1847)|edition=revised|publisher=Cornell University Press|year=1987|pages=289, 371}}</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* [[John Augustus]] develops the concept of [[probation]] in [[Boston]], Massachusetts.

=== Ongoing ===
* [[First Opium War]] (1839–42)
* [[First Anglo-Afghan War]] (1839–42)